Tirohanga Whānui mō te Hua – Te Wero mō te Ipu Para EAF
An Kohua para EAF(raneikoko para oumu pewa hiko) ehara i te putanga iti noa iho o te kohua kaitahuri BOF. Ka mahi i raro i tētahi huinga taumahatanga tino rerekē e hanga ana i tētahi o ngā whakarewanga tino uaua i roto i te mira maitai.
Ka whakaputahia e ngā oumu hiko te para i roto i ngā puranga i ia45–90 meneti– he maha ngā wā 12 ki te 20 ngā whakamahana i te rā. Kei roto i ia huringa:
1. Whakakīme te para rewa i te 1,600–1,700°C (tae atu ki ngā pata whakarewa)
2. Te pupurii te wā e haria ana te kohua i runga i ngā papa koretake
3. Te Whakakorengamā te whakatītaha o te kerēni, i ētahi wā ka pā ki te taha o te poka para
4. Whakamatao hauki raro iho i te 300°C i mua i te whakakī e whai ake nei – ka nui rawa te pāngaru wera
5. Kāore i rite ki ngā kohua para BOF e whiwhi ana i te kotahi para mō ia nekehanga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kohua EAF kite whakamahana tere me te whakamatao tae atu ki te 20 ngā wā i te rā. Ka hua ake tēnei huringa wera auau-teitei kipakaru ngenge wera– te aratau rahunga #1 mō ngā kohua para EAF.
Hei tāpiritanga, he rerekē te matū o te para EAF i runga i te kounga o te para, ngā tāpiringa koranu, me te mahi whakamahine. Ka taea e te para te ** tino taketake** (he nui te CaO, he piri) hewaikawa(he nui te SiO₂, he wai). He rerekē te āhua o roto me te urupare a te rauemi ki ia mea.
Kua whakawhanakehia e Womic SteelNgā kohua para kua arotauhia e te EAFe aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga mamae motuhake e toru:
●Te pakaru o te ngenge wera– e whakatauhia ana e te maitai angiangi + te maimoatanga wera whakamatao whakahaeretia
●Te hukapapa o te para– e whakatauhia ana e te āhua o roto takirua-piki me te paninga ārai-piri
●Te kino o te miihini i te wā e maka ana i te paru– e whakatauhia ana e te awhi kua whakapakaritia me te āhua mimiti-pānga
He aha i whiriwhiri ai koe i te maitai Womic mō tō kohua para EAF?
| Āhuatanga | Painga Motuhake mō te EAF |
| Nb-V Rino Miro-konumohe | He iti noa ngā rohe o te niobium me te vanadium pine, e whakaroa ana i te tīmatanga o te pakaru o te ngenge wera. Kua whakamātauhia hei whakanui ake i ngā huringa ki te pakaru mā te 70% ki te maitai whakarewa paerewa. |
| Whakateretere Whakamātao + Whakamāmā | I muri i te whakaaustenititanga, ka hangaia e te hau āki (ehara i te hau mārire) he hanganga pearlite+bainite pai ake – he nui ake te ātete ki te ru wera. |
| Peihana Ā-roto Takirua-Pīnaki | Ko te pari o runga he 12°, ko te pari o raro he 8°, me te rohe papatahi poutū he 150mm te tawhiti i te pūwāhi pānga pato. Kua whakaitihia te wā tuku para mā te 40% i ngā whakamātautau parae. |
| ** Paninga Uku Ārai-Pīpiri (Ao)** | He paninga alumina-silicate e rua ngā wāhanga, he 3mm te matotoru, ā, he ātete ki te piri o te para taketake. Neke atu i te 12 marama te wā e whakamahia anōtia ai. |
| Kōwhiringa Trunnion Hangaia | Mō ngā kohua neke atu i te 50 tāne, ka taea e mātou te whakarato motuhake i ngā porotiti kua hangaia me ngā porotiti kua huihuia (kua rakahia e te mīhini me ngā whakarewanga uru katoa) kia roa ai te ora o te ngenge. |
| FEA Hihiri me te Utaina Tirotiro Wera | Ka whakatauira mātou i te 1,000 huringa o te 800°C ΔT (whakamahana 300°C→1,600°C, whakamatao 1,600°C→300°C) hei manatoko kāore he tīmatanga o te pakaru. Kei roto te pūrongo. |
| Hoahoa Whanuitanga Wera Iti | Ka whakaitihia e te pikinga matotoru o te pakitara ngā ahotea wera i te rohe o te awhi o runga – te wāhi kapiti tino kitea. |
| Atanga Motuhake Hanga EAF | Ka whakaritea e mātou te āhua o te awhi o runga o te kohua kia ōrite ki te āhua o te whakatuwheratanga o te tatau para o tō oumu me te āhua o te paipa pato – kāore e tauhiuhi, e maringi rānei. |
Ka whakaratohia hoki e mātou hekaupapa tirotiro waka rererangi para– ka whakangungu mātou i ō kaimahi ki te mahi i ngā mahi UT e mahi ana, ā, ka whakakapia ngā poti i runga i te huringa kua whakaritea, kia iti ai te wā kore mahi kua whakaritea.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hangarau – Te Ipu Para Kua Arotauhia EAF
Te whānuitanga o te kaha e taunakitia ana mō ngā rahi EAF noa
| Te Kaha Whakarārangi EAF (tāne) | Rōrahi Para mō ia Wera (tāne) | Te kaha o te kohua e taunakitia ana (tāne) | Taumaha o te Ipu (tāne) | Ngā Huringa o ia Rā (noa) |
| 60 | 12–18 | 15–20 | 12–18 | 15–20 |
| 80 | 16–24 | 20–30 | 18–26 | 15–20 |
| 100 | 20–30 | 30–40 | 26–36 | 12–18 |
| 120 | 25–35 | 40–50 | 36–46 | 12–15 |
| 150 | 30–45 | 50–65 | 46–60 | 10–15 |
| 180 | 40–55 | 65–80 | 60–75 | 8–12 |
Me 1.2–1.5× te rahinga o te para i roto i te kohua kia kore ai e maringi te para.
Ngā Tohu Rauemi Motuhake EAF
| Tau | Hanganga iti | Ātete ki te Ngenge Wera | Pai rawa atu mō |
| ZG270-500 Whakarerekētia (Nb 0.03%, V 0.05%) | Ferrite/pearlite pai-kikokore | +++ | EAF Whānui, whai hua |
| GS-20Mn5 (1.1120) | Martensite kua whakamahanatia + bainite | ++++ | EAF mana teitei me ngā huringa maha/rā |
| ASTM A27 65-35 Mod (me Cu+Ni) | Martensite kua tineia, kua whakamaroketia | ++++ | Kowiri tira EAF (para waikura) |
| 1.6220 (16MnCr5) | Pūtu waro + matua pakari | +++++ | Ratonga tino nui >20 huringa/rā |
Tā mātou Taunakitanga:Mō te nuinga o ngā tono EAF,GS-20Mn5 + kua tineia, kua whakamaroketiae whakarato ana i te taurite pai rawa atu o te utu, te ātete ki te ngenge wera, me te ngāwari ki te whakatika.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ahu Motuhake mō te EAF
| Āhuatanga | Whakaritenga EAF | Hoahoa Rino Womic |
| Teitei o te Awhi o Runga | Me iti rawa kia uru ki raro i te tatau para, engari me teitei hoki kia kore ai e tau te wai ki runga. | Awhi mua kua whakaroahia (taha pato) 100mm te teitei ake i te awhi muri |
| Koki Honga o te Trunnion | 45° te whakatītaha mō te whakawātea katoa | Ko te tuaka trunnion e wehe ana i te 50mm ki te ngutu ringihanga – ka mimiti haere i a ia anō |
| Āhua o raro | He kōniko mō te para EAF piri | Ko te koeko tihi 120° me te radius 50mm i te pito – ka whakakorea te rekereke paru |
| Ngā Tūru Hiki | Ngā pūwāhi hiki tāpiri mō te tiaki | E whā ngā hononga whakauru mō ngā whitiki whitiki |
| Pūwero Wai (whiringa) | Mō te whakakore i te paru wai toenga i mua i te whakapakeketanga katoa | 50mm te whānui me te mono miro, kei te pito o raro rawa |
Ngā Raraunga Whakamātautau mō te Ngenge Wera (Whakatauira)
| Tawhā | Uara |
| Paerewa whakamātautau | Womic ā-roto (i runga i te ASTM E606) |
| ΔT mō ia huringa | 1,300°C (300°C → 1,600°C → 300°C) |
| Te wā pupuri i te pāmahana mōrahi | 10 meneti |
| Tikanga whakamatao | Hau ātete (e whakatauira ana i ngā āhuatanga tūturu o te papa) |
| Ka taea te huri ki te 1mm te pakaru (te maitai whakarewa paerewa) | ~1,500 huringa |
| Ka huri ki te pakaru 1mm (Womic EAF-grade) | ~3,200 huringa |
| Whakapai ake | +113% |
Mana Kounga o te Ipu Para EAF – Manatoko Huringa Wera
I tua atu i te paerewa NDT, ka mahi mātouwhakamātautau huringa wera whakangaroi runga i ngā tauira tuatahi o te tuhinga. Ka tukuna he tīkitipati whakamātautau iti ake (he rite tonu te maimoatanga wera) ki ngā huringa wera tere i roto i tā mātou oumu taiwhanga. Ka inehia ngā kapiti mā te wero tae i ia 500 huringa. Ka mutu te whakamātautau ina neke atu te roa o te kapiti i te 3mm. Ka tuhia te maha o ngā huringa i tutukihia, ā, ka whakamanahia kia tutuki i a koe tō whakaritenga iti rawa (ko te tikanga he 2,500 huringa).
Ngā tirotiro motuhake a te EAF:
Te mahere ultrasonic matotoru o te pakitara– ka hangaia e mātou he mahere matotoru kua tohua ki te tae o te kohua katoa, e whakaatu ana i ngā wāhi kei raro iho i te ingoa.
Te tirotiro i te radius pakiaka trunnion– mā te whakamahi i tētahi ine āhua ritenga, ka manatokohia e mātou te pūtoro = 50mm min.
Te tika o te awhi– i muri i te whakamahana, ka ine mātou i te papatahi o te awhi; mā te rerekētanga ≤5mm ka tika te urunga ki te tatau para.
Tukanga Hanga – Maka Huringa Mahi EAF
1. Hangarau Ritenga– Ka tātarihia e mātou tō EAF: te hanga, te tikanga pato, te kaha o te para, ngā huringa ia rā, te kaha o te kerēni, me te tahora o te papa.
2. Te Whakatauira Huringa Wera o te FEA– Ka tautuhia e te 1,000 ngā huringa mariko i ngā wāhi wera; ka tāpirihia e mātou ngā rara, ka whakarerekētia rānei te matotoru.
3. Tauira me te Kōtaha EAF– Tae atu ki te awhi o mua kua ara ake me te tūranga porowhita kore taurite.
4. Rino Tino-Ma– EAF + LF + VD + ringihanga hau kore mahi. Whāinga S<0.012%, P<0.015%, H<2ppm.
5. Kotahi te Maka– He kohua whakauru + ngā poupou (he poupou hanga motuhake rānei mō te >50 tāne).
6. Whakatōtika Whakahaeretia– Whakamahia ngā whakarākei werawera anake ki ngā wāhanga matotoru; whakamataohia tata ki ngā hononga trunnion hei karo i te mimiti.
7. Te Maimoatanga Wera– Kua tineia (hau ātete) + Kua whakamahanatia → hanganga bainiti pai.
8. Te Kura Tuarua me te Kura Tuarua o te Tuatahi– Ākiritia ngā kohua he hapa rārangi neke atu i te 2mm.
9. Peihana Ā-roto Mīhini– Te miihini CNC o te kōtaha pari rua.
10.Tāpirihia he paninga ārai-piri– E rua ngā paparanga uku, he 2.5–3.0mm te whānui o te DFT, kua whakamaroketia i te 350°C.
11.NDT Whakamutunga (UT Āhua-Wāhanga)– Arotahi ki ngā rohe whakawhiti.
12.Whakamātautau Utaina (whiringa kore)– Me te kaiwhakaatu, mā te whakamahi i te pūtau kawenga kua whakatikatikaina i te kaha kua whakatauria he 1.25×.
Te Tākai me te Tukunga mō ngā Kohua Para EAF
He iti ake ngā kohua EAF i ngā kohua BOF engari he nui ake ngā rahinga e tukuna ana. Kei a mātou ēnei:
●Hoahoa whakarārangi– mā te whakamahi i ngā wehewehe rakau, ka taea te whakarārangi i ngā kohua e toru ki roto i te ipu kotahi 40 putu te roa (ka penapena i te utu utanga).
●Ngā tūru rino ritenga– mō ngā tuku kohua maha, ka taea te whakamahi anō.
●Te wā ārahi mō te tuhinga tuatahi– 16 wiki (tae atu ki te tauira me te whakamātautau whakamana).
●Te wā arahi whakaputa puranga– 8-10 wiki mō ngā waeine tāpiri.
Ngā Akoranga Take e Arotahi ana ki te EAF
Take 1: 80t EAF, Mīhini Miro-Mehikana – Te Whakakore i te Ngenge Wera
Raruraru:E iwa marama te roa o te mahi a ngā kohua o mua (tata ki te 4,500 huringa), kātahi ka puta he kapiti porowhita i te taha.
Otinga:I tukuna mai e Womic ngā kohua GS-20Mn5 me te hanganga kua tineia, kua whakamaroketia, he kōtaha o roto e rua ngā pari, me te paninga ārai-piri.
Hua:I muri i ngā marama 14 (7,200 huringa), kāore he pakaru e kitea ana. Kua tukuna te tuarua o ngā ota mō ngā kohua 12.
Take 2: 150t DC EAF, Mira Kowiri tira o Kōrea ki te Tonga – Para Tino Waikura
Raruraru:I pau te para Cr2O3 teitei i roto i ngā kohua tikanga i roto i ngā marama e ono.
Otinga:He ASTM A27 65-35 kua whakakikoruatia kia rite ki te hiahia me te tāpiri i te Cu (0.5%) me te Ni (1.0%), me te paninga uku ki te mata o roto katoa.
Hua:Kua roa ake te ora ratonga ki te 18 marama – 3x te roa o mua. I whakaitihia hoki e ngā kohua pania te wā tio o te para mā te 50%.
Take 3: 60t EAF, Indian Foundry – Te Tātari Auau (20+ whakamahana/rā)
Raruraru:I pakaru ngā kohua i roto i ngā marama e toru nā te kore e ranea te wā whakamatao i waenga i ngā huringa.
Otinga:He kohua hou kua hangaia me ngā wāhanga pakitara angiangi (40mm vs 60mm) me ngā rara whakamatao o waho hei tere ake te marara o te wera. I tāpirihia hoki he tūtohutanga mō te teihana whakamatao hau kaha.
Hua:I whakaroahia te pakaru ki te 10 marama. I whakaitihia hoki te pakaru me te pakaru o te kerēni nā te iti o te taumaha o te kohua.
Ngā Taupānga – Ngā Wāhi e Hiranga ai Ngā Ipu Para EAF
●Ngā toa EAF maitai waro(ngā hua roa, ngā hua papatahi)
●Te whakarewa EAF kowiri tira(para waikura nui)
●Ngā oumu pewa maitai koranu me ngā oumu taputapu maitai
●Ngā oumu pewa whakarewa(te whakarewanga rino me te maitai)
●Te hanga rino hautai / te hanga maitai e hangai ana ki te DRI(para FeO teitei)
●Ngā whare hangarua puehu EAF(te whakaora konutea mai i te puehu EAF)
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ) – Motuhake ki te EAF
P: Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā me whai kohua para motuhake taku EAF?
A: Mena ka neke atu i te 10 ngā whakamahana e whakahaerehia ana e koe i ia rā, ka pakaru rānei i roto i ngā marama 12 i runga i ngā kohua paerewa, me whai hoahoa EAF-arotau koe. Waihoki, ki te kite koe i te para e piri nui ana, e hiahia ana rānei koe ki te pakaru ā-ringa, ka āwhina tā mātou kōtaha ārai-piri.
Q: Ka taea e au te whakamahi i te kohua para kotahi mō te BOF me te EAF?
A: Kāore i te tūtohutia – he mea hanga ngā kohua EAF mō te tere ake o te huringa, te angiangi o ngā pakitara, me ngā āhuatanga piri para rerekē. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kohua BOF i roto i te EAF ka pakaru wawe; mā te whakamahi i ngā kohua EAF i roto i te BOF ka wera rawa atu. Me whakamahi tonu i ngā kohua motuhake.
Q: Kei te tuku pūtea, kei te tuku kaupapa whakawhiti tarukino rānei koutou?
Āe – he kohua para tā mātou hei tauira ratonga: ka utua e koe mō ia tana o te maitai i hangaia, ā, mā mātou ngā kohua e tiaki, e tiaki hoki. He iti rawa te whakapaunga 5 tau. Pātai atu mō ētahi atu kōrero.
P: He aha te roanga o te ora o te paninga ārai-piri?
A: I raro i ngā mahi EAF noa (para taketake, 15 huringa/rā), e 9-12 marama te roa o te paninga. Ka taea te pani anō i roto i tō wheketere e ā mātou tohunga hangarau (mā mātou rānei e whakarato i te kete paninga). Ko te utu whakakapinga arai he ~15% o te utu kohua hou.
P: Me pēhea te whakahaere i te whakakapinga ohorere mēnā ka pakaru ohorere te kohua?
A: Kei roto i tō mātou whare putunga he iti noa ngā oko (2-4 ngā ipu) o ngā rahi EAF noa. Mō ngā kiritaki he kirimana ratonga ā rātou, ka tukuna atu e mātou he uta mā te rangi i roto i ngā haora 72.
Q: Ka taea e koe te tāpiri i ngā pūoko pāmahana ki te kohua?
Āe – ka taea e mātou te tāuta i ngā pōke thermocouple (tae atu ki te 4 ngā wāhi) me te uhi Inconel. Ka taea te hono i ngā pūoko ki tētahi aroturuki kawe, ka taea rānei te whakauru atu ki tō DCS tipu.
P: He aha te whakaritenga mō te whakaotinga mata mō te piri o te para EAF?
A: Me mīhini te peihana o roto ki te Ra ≤ 6.3 μm. Ka āwhina ngā mata whakarewa ki te piri. Mā te hoahoa takirua-pikinga me te mīhini pai ka tino whakaiti i te piri.
P: Me pēhea te horoi i te kohua para mena ka tio te para i roto?
A: Kaua rawa e whakamahia te patu ā-ringa ki te pakitara o te kohua – ka pakaru. Engari, whakamahia te wero hāora hei tapahi i te awaawa, kātahi ka whakamahana kia ōrite te kohua. Ka whakaitihia e tā mātou paninga ārai-piri te hukapapa.
Kua rite koe ki te whakapai ake i tō whakahaere i te para EAF?
Whakapā atu ki a Womic Steel mō tētahiaromatawai ngenge wera kore utuo āu kohua para o nāianei – ka tūtohu mātou i ngā huringa hoahoa me te matapae i te roanga pea o te ora ratonga.
Paetukutuku: www.womicsteel.com
Ī-mēra: sales@womicsteel.com | eaf@womicsteel.com
Waea/WhatsApp/WeChat:
Wikitōria: +86 15575100681
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Womic Steel – I hangaia mō te auahatanga kaha o te hanga maitai i roto i te oumu pewa hiko.
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