1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He kaihanga matua a Womic Steel Group, he kaihokohoko hoki o te ao, me te neke atu i te 20 tau o te tohungatanga ki te whakaputa hua ngongo waro, koranu, me te maitai kore waikura. Ko tā mātou whare whakaputa paipa SSAW hou rawa atu e kapi ana i te kaha whakaputa whānui neke atu i te 15,000 tana ia marama mō ngā paipa raina kaha-teitei kua whakarewaina ki raro i te pewa porowhita, e mahi ana ki ngā kaupapa paipa hinu me te hau pēhanga teitei puta noa i te ao, tae atu ki te ratonga kawa me ngā tono ki tāwāhi.
Awhe Rahi Whakaputa mō te Paipa Rino SSAW:Ko te whānui o waho mai i te 219mm ki te 3,500mm (8 inihi ki te 138 inihi) mō te tukanga SSAW. Ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 5.0mm ki te 25.4mm. Ko te roa takitahi mai i te 6m ki te 18m te paerewa, me ngā roa ritenga tae atu ki te 60m e wātea ana mō ngā kaupapa paipa.
Ngā Tiwhikete Kounga me ngā Whakatutukitanga Ture:
ISO 9001:2015 Whaimana:Pūnaha Whakahaere Kounga mō te hanga paipa SSAW me ngā tukanga whakahaere kounga, kia rite ai te kounga o te hua me te whakapai tonu puta noa i ngā mahi hanga katoa.
Raihana Monogram API 5L:Kei a Womic Steel te raihana API 5L mō te hanga paipa raina, tae atu ki te taumata X65. Ko te API Monogram e tohu ana i tā mātou whakapau kaha ki ngā paerewa ahumahi teitei rawa atu mō ngā paipa tuku hinu me te hau. Mā ngā arotake API auau ka whakarite kia tutuki tonu ngā whakaritenga whakatakotoranga.
Tohu CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Ka tutuki ā mātou paipa SSAW i te European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU. E wātea ana te tohu CE mēnā ka tonoa.
Tiwhikete EN 10204 3.2:Haunga ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira paerewa 2.2 me te 3.1, ka tukuna e mātou ngā hua me te Tiwhikete Tirotiro 3.2, kua whakamanahia e ngā rōpū tuatoru kua whakamanahia e te EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS).
Ngā Whakaaetanga Tirotiro-Tuatoru (TPI):Kua whakaaetia, kua arotakehia hoki ā mātou hua me ngā tukanga whakaputa e ngā tari nui o te ao tae atu ki a SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, me TÜV.
Ngā Tiwhikete Tāpiri e Wātea ana:ISO 14001:2015, ISO 45001:2018, NORSOK M-650
Te Whakamihi Ao Whānui:He kaiwhakarato pono a Womic Steel ki ngā kaimahi kirimana EPC o te ao, ngā kamupene paipa, me ngā kamupene pūngao, e mahi ana ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 80 puta noa i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, Ūropi, te Waenganui Rawhiti, Āwherika, me Amerika.
2. API 5L X65: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
API 5L X65He tohu kaha-teitei te X65 i roto i te whakatakotoranga paipa raina API 5L, e tuku ana i te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 450 MPa (65,300 psi) me te kaha kume iti rawa o te 535 MPa (77,600 psi). Ko te tohu "X" e tohu ana i te paipa raina kaha-teitei, ā, ko te "65" e tohu ana i te kaha whakaputa iti rawa i roto i te ksi (mano pauna ia inihi tapawha). He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te X65 mō ngā paipa tuku hinu me te hau pēhanga-teitei, ngā tono ratonga wai māori, me ngā paipa taiwhenua e hiahiatia ana he kaha teitei ake.
He tino pai te āheinga whakarewa o te API 5L X65 mō te hononga ā-papa, he pakari pāmahana iti pai mō ngā taiao uaua, ā, he ngāwari hoki mō te piko me te hanga. Ki te whakatauritea ki te X52, he 25% te kaha whakaputa teitei ake o te X65, e āhei ai te angiangi o ngā pakitara, te whakaiti i te taumaha, me te teitei ake o ngā pēhanga whakahaere. Ka tukuna e te karaehe PSL2 te pakari pānga kua whakamanahia, ngā rohe pakeke mō te mahi kawa, me ngā rohe hanganga matū tino pakari.
Te Hanganga Matū (Tātaritanga Koro, % mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | API 5L X65 PSL2 (Mōrahi %) |
| C | 0.18 |
| Mn | 1.45 |
| P | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 |
| CE (mōrahi) | 0.43 |
Kia mōhio: He tino kaha ngā herenga o te API 5L X65 PSL2 ki te waro, te whākawa, me te whanariki, ā, he tino pai te kaha ki te whakarewa me te pakari. Ko te herenga ōrite waro (CEV) o te 0.43% e whakarite ana i te kaha ki te whakarewa i te mara mō ngā paipa kaha-teitei. Mō te ratonga kawa, ka pāngia e ngā herenga tāpiri mō te pakeke me ngā huānga motuhake.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma):
| Taonga | API 5L X65 PSL2 |
| Kaha Hua (min) | 450 MPa (65,300 psi) |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 535 MPa (77,600 psi) |
| Te roa (min) | 18% (mō te ine 50mm) |
| Te pakeketanga (mōrahi) | 90 HRB / 200 HV (ratonga koretake) |
| Te Pakari o te Pānga | 27 Joules @ 0°C (noa) |
*Tuhipoka: Ka tukuna e te API 5L X65 PSL2 he pakari pānga kua whakamanahia me ngā rohe hanganga matū pakari ake, e pai ai mō te mahi kawa me ngā tono pāmahana iti. Kei te wātea te PSL1 mō ngā kaupapa iti ake te uaua.*
Te Whakataurite i ngā Tohu Paipa Raina Kaha-Teitei API 5L:
| Tau | Kaha Hua (MPa) | Kaha Kume (MPa) | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | Ngā paipa pēhanga waenga ki te teitei |
| X60 | 415 | 520 | Ngā paipa pēhanga teitei |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | Te pēhanga tino teitei, ratonga kawa, ki tāwāhi |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | Ngā paipa pehanga tino teitei, tawhiti |
*Kia mōhio: Mō ngā kaupapa paipa pēhanga teitei tino uaua e hiahia ana ki te kaha teitei me te kaha ratonga kawa, me whakaaro ki te API 5L X65, ki te X70 rānei.*
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
Ka tukuna e Womic Steel ngā paipa maitai API 5L X65 SSAW puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga API 5L PSL1 me PSL2. He tino pai te tukanga SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) mō ngā tono paipa whānui, kaha-teitei.
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (X52, X60, X65, X70) |
| Tukanga Hanga | SSAW (Whakapiripiri Porowhita Rukuhia) - 219mm-3,500mm OD |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 219mm – 3,500mm (8" – 138") |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | 5.0mm – 25.4mm |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m, 12m, 18m / Ritenga: tae atu ki te 60m |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maeneene (PE) / Pito Whakapiko (BE) |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga / Hinuhia / Pango Paninga / 3PE / FBE / Epoxy Tā Waro |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±0.5% / WT: -0% +15% (API) / Roa: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana - Paipa Rino API 5L X65 SSAW
Paipa Rino Kaha-Teitei SSAW (219mm – 3,500mm OD)
| Ō (mm) | Ngā Kōwhiringa Matotoru o te Pakitara (mm) | Taumaha (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa |
| 219 – 325 | 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | 26.4 – 96.3 | 6m / 12m |
| 325 – 426 | 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | 39.5 – 142.2 | 6m / 12m |
| 426 – 530 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | 62.1 – 202.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 530 – 630 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0 | 77.5 – 271.6 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 630 – 820 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 92.3 – 394.6 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 820 – 1,020 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 160.2 – 541.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 1,020 – 1,220 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 199.8 – 736.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,420 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 298.4 – 859.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,420 – 1,620 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 347.7 – 983.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,620 – 2,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 476.1 – 1,217.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 588.5 – 1,527.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 736.5 – 1,841.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 3,000 – 3,500 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 883.7 – 2,158.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Kia mōhio: Kei te wātea ngā ine ritenga i waho atu i ēnei awhe ina tonoa.
5. Ngā Paerewa Paipa Raina Kaha-Teitei Noa i Hangaia e Womic Steel
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| Ngā Paerewa Paipa Raina API | ||
| API 5L PSL1 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Paipa raina kounga paerewa |
| API 5L PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Kounga teitei ake me ngā whakaritenga pānga/pakeke |
| Taurite ISO | ||
| ISO 3183 | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485, L555 | He ōrite te ISO ki te API 5L |
| Ngā Paerewa o Tāwāhi | ||
| EN 10225 | S355G8+M, S355G10+M, S420G1+QT, S460G1+QT | Te maitai hanganga moana me te taiwhenua |
| DNV-OS-B101 | S355, S420, S460 | Paerewa DNV mō te maitai taimoana |
| Ngā Paerewa Whakatō Kōpae | ||
| ASTM A252 | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Ngā puranga paipa rino mō te turanga hohonu |
| EN 10248 | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Te whakapūpū i ngā pepa rino wera-hurihuri me te whakapūpū i ngā paipa |
Whakamahinga:Te tuku hinu me te hau pēhanga teitei, ngā paipa ratonga wai māori, ngā paipa tai moana, ngā paipa raro moana, ngā pūnaha kohikohi hau, ngā raina werohanga wai pēhanga teitei, ngā pou hanganga, ngā turanga moana
6. Tukanga Hanga - Paipa Rino Kaha-Teitei SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded)
Te Tukanga Hanga SSAW mō ngā Paipa Rino Kaha-Teitei (219mm – 3,500mm OD):
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata (Koiri):Ka manatokohia ngā koiri maitai hurihuri wera e haere mai ana mō te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te kounga o te mata e ai ki ngā whakaritenga API 5L X65 PSL2. Ka tohaina he tau wera ahurei ki ia koiri hei whakarite i te whai i ngā rauemi katoa puta noa i te whakaputanga.
Te Wetewete me te Whakatakotoranga:Ka utaina ngā koiri rino ki runga i te wetekōiri, ka whāngaihia mā roto i tētahi mīhini whakataurite tika hei whakahāngai i te rīpene, hei tango i te huinga koiri, hei whakarite hoki i te papatahi ōrite mō te hanganga porowhita ōrite.
Te Huri me te Kutikuti i te Tapa:Ka mirahia ngā taha roa e rua o te rīpene maitai, ka tapahia kia tika te whānui (±0.5mm). Mā te whakarite taha ka hangaia he mata ma, whakarara e tika ana mō te hanganga whakarewa porowhita kounga teitei.
Te Hanga Porowhita:Ka whāngaihia te rīpene kua whakatauritea ki roto i tētahi mīhini hanga porowhita i tētahi koki porowhita e whakahaeretia ana. Ka hangaia tonutia te rīpene kia rite ki te āhua porowhita porowhita, me ngā taha e whakarārangihia ana hei whakarewa.
Te Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku-ā-roto (SAW):Ka whakarewahia te hononga porowhita o roto i te tuatahi mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakarewa pewa ruku aunoa me te huinga waea me te rere e tika ana. Mō te maitai kaha-teitei X65, ka whakamahia ngā taputapu whakarewa hauwai-iti motuhake.
Te Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku o Waho (SAW):Ka whakarewaina te hononga porowhita o waho i muri tonu i te whakarewatanga o roto, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakarewa pewa ruku aunoa.
Te tapahi ki te roa:Ka tapahia te paipa whakarewa porowhita tonu ki ngā roa kua tohua mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha tapahi plasma aunoa, hāora rānei.
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (NDT):
Whakamātautau Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Ka tirotirohia e te pūnaha UT aunoa te hononga whakarewa porowhita katoa me te tinana paipa katoa mō ngā whakapiringa, ngā whakaurunga, te korenga o te hanumi, me ētahi atu momotu.
Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT):Tirotiro hihi-X, hihi-kama rānei o te hononga whakarewa (te roa ira, te roa katoa rānei e ai ki te tohu).
Tirotiro Matūriki Aukume (MPI):Te tirotiro i ngā matimati whakarewa me te rohe kua pāngia e te wera mō ngā kapiti me ngā motumotu o te mata.
Whakamātautau Waipūmau:E hiahiatia ana mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga API 5L. Ka whakamātauria ia paipa mā te wai ā-pūngao ki te pēhanga kua tohua (ko te tikanga he 85-100% o te kaha whakaputa iti rawa kua tohua).
Whakamutunga Whakamutunga:Ngā pito papatahi (tapahanga tapawhā) ngā pito piko rānei (koki piko 30°-35°) e ai ki ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki.
Arotakenga Whakamutunga me te Tohu:Te tirotiro ā-kanohi mō ngā hapa o te mata, te manatoko i ngā āhuatanga (OD, WT, roa, tika, porowhita), me te tohu tuturu mō ia API 5L (tae atu ki te tohu, te rahi, te tau wera, te tautuhi kaihanga, te tohu PSL).
Ngā Painga o te Tukanga SSAW mō ngā Paipa Raina Kaha-Teitei:
1. Te kaha ki te whakaputa i ngā diameters tino nui (tae atu ki te 3,500mm+) mai i ngā koiri whānui paerewa
2. Tukanga whakaputa tonu mō te whai huatanga teitei
3. He utu-whai hua mō ngā tono paipa diameter nui
4. He pai te pumau o te āhua me te porowhita
5. Ngā tikanga whakarewa motuhake mō ngā rauemi kaha-teitei
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō ngā Paipa Rino API 5L X65 SSAW
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa |
| Rauemi Mata (Koiri) | Tātari Matū (Ine Matawai OES) | Manatokohia te tutuki i ngā herenga hanganga API 5L X65 |
| Rauemi Mata (Koiri) | Whakamātautau Kume | Manatokohia te kaha tuku (iti rawa 450 MPa), te kaha kume (iti rawa 535 MPa) |
| Rauemi Mata (Koiri) | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic | Kitea ngā whakapiringa me ngā hapa o roto |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Tirotiro Ahu (Maikoromita) | Aroturukihia te OD, te WT i te wā e hangaia ana he porowhita |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Tirotiro i te Whakarite Tapa | Manatokohia te āhua me te whakaritenga o te taha |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) - Ipurangi | Kitea ngā motumotu whakarewa, te korenga o te hanumitanga |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT) | Manatokohia te urunga o te whakarewa, te porosity, te whakaurunga o te para |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Tirotiro Matūriki Aukume (MPI) | Te kimi i ngā pakaru o te mata (whakarewa me te HAZ) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Ahu | Manatokohia te OD, te WT, te roa, te tika, te porowhita |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau (Me whai mana mō te API 5L) | Manatokohia te pono o te pēhanga e ai ki ngā whakaritenga API 5L |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Piko Arataki | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te whakarewa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te tinana o te paipa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pānga Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Manatokohia te pakari o te pāmahana iti (27J @ 0°C) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pakari (PSL2) | Manatokohia te pakeke mōrahi mō te ratonga kawa (mōrahi 200 HV) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Tirohanga me te Mata | Tirohia mēnā he hapa o te mata, he whakapiringa, he kapiti |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Manatoko Tohu | Me whakarite kia mau tonu te tohu mō ia API 5L |
Ngā Whakamātautau Kōwhiringa mō ngā Whakamahinga Paipa Tino Hira:
1. Whakamātautau HIC (Haukaru Whakaoho) ia NACE TM0284 mō te ratonga kawa
2. Whakamātautau SSC (Pakarutanga Āwangawanga Sulfide) ia NACE TM0177
3. Whakamātautau Pānga Pāmahana-iti i te -20°C, -40°C, -60°C rānei
4. DWTT (Whakamātautau Roimata Taumaha Taka) mō te pakari o te whati
5. Whakamātautau CVN (Charpy V-Notch) i ngā pāmahana kua tohua
6. Whakamātautau CTOD (Te Nekehanga o te Putanga o te Tipi Ngatata) mō te pakari o te whati
Ngā tuhinga kounga:
1. Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira i raro i te EN 10204 Momo 3.1 (3.2 rānei mēnā ka tonoa)
2. Pūrongo Whakamātautau Waipūmau
3. Pūrongo Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (whakapiri me te tinana)
4. Pūrongo Whakamātautau Irirangi (mēnā kua tohua)
5. Pūrongo Tirotiro Ahu
6. Te whai i te tau wera ki te paipa kua oti
7. Tiwhikete tutuki API 5L
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua - Paipa Rino API 5L X65 SSAW
He mea nui ngā paipa maitai kaha-teitei API 5L X65 SSAW mō te tuku hinu me te hau pēhanga teitei, te ratonga kawa, me ngā kaupapa paipa taiwhenua:
Tuku Hinu me te Hau Pēhanga-Teitei:Ngā paipa tuku tawhiti mō te hinu mata, te hau māori, me ngā hua kua parakore e mahi ana i ngā pēhanga teitei. Nā te kaha teitei o te X65 ka taea te hanga pakitara angiangi, te whakaiti i te taumaha, me te whakaiti i ngā utu kaupapa.
Ngā Paipa Ratonga Waikawa:Ngā paipa e kawe ana i te hau kawa, te hinu rānei kei roto te hauwai whanariki (H₂S). Mā te karaehe PSL2 me te mana whakahaere pakeke me te whakamātautau HIC/SSC ka ātete ki te pakaru o te ahotea whanariki.
Ngā Paipa o Tāmaki Makaurau:Ngā paipa raro moana mō te kawe hinu me te hau mai i ngā papaaho tai moana ki ngā whakaurunga o uta. He tino pai te kaha whakarewa me te pakari o te X65 mō te tāutanga tai moana.
Ngā Pūnaha Kohikohi Hau:Ngā aho kohikohi hau pēhanga teitei e kohikohi ana i te hau maori mai i ngā puna puna ki ngā whare tukatuka.
Ngā Raina Werohanga Wai Pēhanga-Teitei:Ngā paipa e wero ana i te wai ki roto i ngā puna hinu hei whakapai ake i te whakaora hinu, e hiahia ana kia teitei te pēhanga.
Ngā Rere o Runga Moana:Ngā rerenga wai o raro moana e hono ana i ngā puna ki ngā pūwero me ngā papaaho i ngā whanaketanga wai hohonu.
Ngā Paipa CO₂:Ngā paipa e kawe ana i te hauhā waro hei whakaora ake i te hinu, hei hopu me te penapena waro rānei.
Te Whakatakotoranga Hanganga:He pou amo kawenga mō ngā papaaho taimoana, ngā piriti, me ngā hanganga moana e hiahia ana ki te maitai kaha teitei.
9. Tākai me te Tukunga - Paipa Rino API 5L X65 SSAW
Ka tākaihia, ka tukuna hoki ngā paipa rino kaha-teitei API 5L X65 SSAW me te tino tupato kia tiakina ai i te wā e kawe ana.
Tākai:
Paninga Tiaki:I mua i te tākai, ka taea te pani i ngā paipa ki te hinu ārai-waikura, ki te FBE, ki te 3LPE rānei, ka waiho rānei kia takoto kau ana ina hiahiatia. Mō ngā mahi ratonga moana me ngā mahi ratonga kawa, e taunakihia ana ngā pūnaha paninga motuhake.
Te Whakakotahitanga (Ngā Diameter Iti):Mō ngā paipa iti ake te diameter (kei raro iho i te 610mm / 24"), ka herea ngā paipa ki roto i ngā paipa hexagonal, tapawhā rānei, ka mau ki ngā whitiki maitai (3-5 whitiki ia paipa me ngā ārai kokonga tiaki).
Te Whakatakotoranga Takitahi (Ngā Diameter Nui):Mō ngā paipa nui ake te whānui (neke atu i te 610mm / 24"), ka whakahaerea takitahitia ngā paipa, ā, ka tukuna mā te whakamahi i te papa rakau, i te rapa rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga.
Ngā Taumata Mutunga:Ka tiakina e ngā taupoki pito kirihou, maitai rānei ngā pito piko me ngā pito papatahi mai i te kino o te pānga, te urunga mai o ngā paru, me te makuku.
Whakakī me te Whakamarumaru:Mō ngā ota kaweake kounga teitei, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi whakakī pēnei i ngā mowhiti pahuka, ngā rīpene rapa, ngā papa rakau rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga paipa.
Tukunga:
Aratau Waka:Ka tukuna ngā paipa mā roto i ngā kaipuke ipu (ngā ipu 20 putu, 40 putu rānei mō ngā diameter iti), ngā kaikawe papatipu (ngā ipu pakaru mō ngā diameter nui me ngā rahinga nui), te utanga tereina rānei.
Te Whakatakotoranga Ipu (Ngā Diameter Iti):Mō ngā paipa iti ake te diameter (kei raro iho i te 508mm / 20"), ka utaina ngā paipa ki roto i ngā ipu kaipuke paerewa 20 putu, 40 putu rānei te roa.
Te Utaina o te Waka Nui (Ngā Diameter Nui me ngā Rōrahi Nui):Mō ngā ota nui (te nuinga o te wā >500 tana) me ngā paipa whānui (neke atu i te 508mm / 20 inihi), ka utaina tika ngā paipa ki roto i ngā waka kawe nui, ki ngā waka taputapu rānei.
Whatanga Papatahi, Ipu Tūwhera rānei:Mō ngā paipa e nui ake ana i ngā rahinga ipu paerewa (te roa >12m, te whānui rānei >2.3m), ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ipu whata papatahi, i ngā ipu tuwhera rānei.
Te Tapanga me te Tuhituhi:Kei ia paipa takitahi te tapanga mārama me ngā mōhiohio nui tae atu ki te kounga rauemi, te paerewa, ngā ine, te tau wera, te tau paipa/paipa, me ngā tohutohu whakahaere.
Te Whakatutukitanga Tikanga:Kua whakaritea ngā tuhinga katoa e tika ana mō te tikanga tāke—te nama arumoni, te rārangi tākai, te pire uta, te Tiwhikete Taketake, ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira.
Te Whakamau Haumaru:Ka whakamauhia ngā paihere me ngā paipa takitahi mā te whakamahi i te whitiki rino (me ngā ārai kokonga), ngā putea tākai, ngā tautoko rakau, ngā here mekameka rānei hei ārai i te nekenekehanga i te wā e kawe ana.
Te Aroturuki me te Aroturuki:Mā ngā pūnaha aroturuki waka matatau ka whakaratohia he whakahōutanga tauwāhi i te wā tūturu.
Inihuarangatia:Tērā pea ka whakaritea he inihua utanga moana (Mōrearea Katoa, Mō te Kapinga Average rānei).
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka whakarite a Womic Steel kia tākaihia ngā paipa maitai kaha-teitei API 5L X65 SSAW katoa ki ngā tikanga tiaki matua o te ahumahi, ā, ka tukuna mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kawe pono.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic - Paipa Rino API 5L X65 SSAW
He aha ai te mahi tahi me Womic Steel mō ngā paipa maitai API 5L X65 SSAW?
Te whānuitanga katoa o ngā rahi:Ko te tukanga SSAW e kapi ana i te 219mm ki te 3,500mm OD, ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 25.4mm, ko te roa tae atu ki te 60m mō ngā kaupapa paipa pēhanga teitei.
Raihana Monogram API 5L:Te tutuki katoa i ngā whakaritenga o te API 5L PSL1 me te PSL2. Mā ngā arotakenga API auau ka whakarite kia tutuki tonu ngā whakaritenga kounga.
Pūkenga Ratonga PSL2 me te Sour:He tuku i te karaehe PSL2 me te pakari pānga kua whakamanahia, ngā herenga pakeke mōrahi (mōrahi 200 HV), me te whakamātautau HIC/SSC mō ngā tono ratonga kawa.
Tohungatanga Kaha-Teitei:Te māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā āhuatanga rauemi API 5L X65, ngā whakaritenga whakarewa, me ngā whakaaro hanga mō ngā paipa kaha-teitei.
Ngā Ratonga Uara-Tāpiri:Te whakapiko pito, te tapahi pito papatahi, te paninga tiaki (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy), me te takai ārai-waikura.
Te āheinga mō te roa:Tae atu ki te 60m te roa kotahi mō ngā kaupapa paipa, hei whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga whakarewa parae.
Te Whakahaere Whakataetae:Mā te hononga rautaki me ngā kamupene tuku utanga o te ao ka whakarite kia whai hua te utu mō ngā tuku kaipuke puta noa i te ao.
Ngā tuhinga whānui:Ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira Katoa (EN 10204 Momo 3.1, 3.2 rānei), ngā pūrongo whakamātautau waipū, ngā pūrongo NDT, ngā pūrongo ā-ahu, me ngā tuhinga whai-tikanga.
Kōwhiria te Womic Steel Group hei hoa pono mō ngā paipa maitai kaha teitei API 5L X65 SSAW mō ngā paipa pēhanga teitei, ngā ratonga kawa, me ngā kaupapa taiwhenua puta noa i te ao. Nau mai ki te uiui!
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Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ) - Paipa Rino API 5L X65 SSAW
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te API 5L X65 PSL1 me te PSL2?
A: He kaha ake ngā herenga hanganga matū o PSL2 (C, P, S iti iho), he whakaritenga pakari pānga (27J @ 0°C), he herenga pakeke mōrahi (200 HV mōrahi mō te ratonga kawa), ā, he kaha ake ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro. He pai te PSL1 mō ngā tono paipa paerewa me te kore whakaritenga ratonga pāmahana iti, ratonga kawa rānei. E taunakihia ana te PSL2 mō ngā tono taiwhenua, ratonga kawa, me te pāmahana iti.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i te X65 me te X52?
A: Ko te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te X65 he 450 MPa, ko te X52 ia he 360 MPa. E 25% te kaha teitei ake o te X65, e āhei ai te angiangi o ngā pakitara, te whakaiti i te taumaha, me te teitei ake o ngā pēhanga whakahaere. He kaha ake hoki ngā herenga hanganga matū o te X65 mō te pakari me te kaha mahi kawa.
Q: He pai te API 5L X65 mō te ratonga kawa?
Āe, he pai te API 5L X65 PSL2 me te whakamātautau HIC (Hauora Induced Cracking) me te SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) mō ngā tono ratonga kawa. Ka whakahaeretia te pakeke ki te mōrahi 200 HV, ā, ka pāngia ngā herenga hanganga matū motuhake. Tena koa tohua ngā whakaritenga ratonga kawa i te wā tuku utu.
Q: He aha te diameter mōrahi o te paipa SSAW ka taea e koe te whakaputa i roto i te X65?
A: Ka taea e mātou te whakaputa i ngā paipa X65 SSAW tae atu ki te 3,500mm (138 inihi) te whānui o waho. Mō ngā whānui tae atu ki te 4,000mm (160 inihi), tēnā whakapā mai ki a mātou mō te aromatawai i te kaha o te kaupapa motuhake.
Q: He aha ngā kōwhiringa paninga e wātea ana mō te paipa raina X65?
A: Kei a mātou te FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy), 3LPE (Three-Papa Polyethylene), 3LPP (Three-Papa Polypropylene), Coal Tar Epoxy, me te Liquid Epoxy. Mō ngā mahi ratonga moana me te kawa, e taunakihia ana te paninga 3LPE, FBE rānei.
Q: Ka taea e koe te tuku i te paipa X65 me te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV)?
Āe. Ka whakahaerehia e mātou ngā tirotiro e SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR, e tētahi atu māngai kua tohua e te kiritaki i te wā whakaputa me mua i te tuku. 3.2 ka tukuna tonutia ngā tiwhikete tirotiro ina tonoa.
Q: He aha ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro (NDT) e whakaratohia ana mō ngā paipa X65 SSAW?
A: Kei roto i te NDT Paerewa te Whakamātautau Ultrasonic 100% (UT) o te hononga whakarewa me te tinana paipa, te tirotiro ā-wāhi Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT), me te whakamātautau wai ā-pūmau e hiahiatia ana mō ia API 5L. Mō te PSL2 me te ratonga waikawa, ka mahia he UT me te MPI tāpiri.
Q: He aha te wā ārahi noa mō te paipa maitai API 5L X65 SSAW?
A: Ko ngā wā arahi paerewa he tata ki te 45-60 ngā rā mō te hanga SSAW, i runga i te rahinga ota, te whānui, te matotoru o te pakitara, me ngā whakaritenga PSL. Tērā pea ka wātea ngā ota tere (30-45 ngā rā) mō ngā rahinga iti ake.
Q: He aha ngā tuhinga e whakaratohia ana me ia tuku?
A: Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (EN 10204 Momo 3.1, 3.2 rānei), Pūrongo Whakamātautau Waipūmau, Pūrongo Tirotiro Ahu, Ngā Pūrongo UT, Ngā Pūrongo RT (mēnā kua tohua), Tuhinga Aroturuki, Rārangi Tākai, Nama Tauhokohoko, me te Tiwhikete Taketake. Mō PSL2, kei roto ngā pūrongo whakamātautau pānga me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau pakeke.
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