1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He kaihanga matua a Womic Steel Group, he kaihokohoko hoki o te ao, me te neke atu i te 20 tau o te tohungatanga ki te whakaputa hua ngongo waro, koranu, me te maitai kore waikura. Ko tā mātou whare whakaputa paipa SSAW hou rawa atu e kapi ana i te kaha whakaputa whānui neke atu i te 15,000 tana ia marama mō ngā puranga paipa maitai kua whakarewaina ki raro i te wai, e mahi ana ki ngā kaupapa turanga moana, takutai moana, me te hohonu puta noa i te ao.
Awhe Rahi Whakaputa mō te Puranga Paipa Rino SSAW:Ko te whānui o waho mai i te 508mm ki te 3,000mm (20 inihi ki te 120 inihi) mō te tukanga SSAW. Ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 6.0mm ki te 25.4mm. Ko te roa takitahi mai i te 6m ki te 18m te paerewa, me ngā roa ritenga tae atu ki te 60m e wātea ana mō ngā kaupapa turanga hōhonu.
Ngā Tiwhikete Kounga me ngā Whakatutukitanga Ture:
ISO 9001:2015 Whaimana:Pūnaha Whakahaere Kounga mō te hanga paipa poupou me ngā tukanga whakahaere kounga, kia rite ai te kounga o te hua me te whakapai tonu puta noa i ngā mahi hanga katoa.
Raihana Monogram API 5L / API 2B:Kei a Womic Steel te raihana API 5L mō te hanga paipa raina me te raihana API 2B mō te paipa maitai hanganga mō ngā mahi moana. Ko te API Monogram te tohu o tā mātou whakapau kaha ki ngā paerewa ahumahi teitei rawa atu mō ngā paipa pou hanganga tai. Mā ngā arotake API auau ka whakarite kia tutuki tonu ngā whakaritenga whakatakotoranga.
Tohu CE (PED 2014/68/EU):E tutuki ana ā mātou paipa poupou i te European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU. E wātea ana te tohu CE ina tonoa mai hei whakahaere i te ngāwari o te whakawātea tikanga me te whakaae kaupapa i roto i te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi (EEA). E whakaratohia ana te Whakapuakitanga Mahi (DoP) mō ngā hua paerewa EN.
Tiwhikete EN 10204 3.2:Haunga ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira paerewa 2.2 me te 3.1, ka tukuna e mātou ngā hua me te Tiwhikete Tirotiro 3.2, kua whakamanahia e ngā rōpū tuatoru kua whakamanahia e te EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) mō ngā kaupapa moana me ngā kaupapa turanga nui e hiahia ana kia taea te whai i ngā rauemi katoa me te manatoko motuhake.
Ngā Whakaaetanga Tirotiro-Tuatoru (TPI):Kua whakaaetia, kua arotakehia hoki ā mātou hua me ā mātou tukanga whakaputa e ngā tari nui o te ao me ngā Rōpū Whakarōpū tae atu ki a SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, me TÜV. E whakaatu ana ēnei whakaaetanga i tō mātou kaha ki te tuku paipa pou mō ngā kaupapa moana me ngā kaupapa taiwhenua e whakahaerehia ana e te rōpū whakarōpū.
Ngā Tiwhikete Tāpiri e Wātea ana:
ISO 14001:2015(Pūnaha Whakahaere Taiao) -- E whakapau kaha ana ki ngā mahi hanga tauwhiro
ISO 45001:2018(Pūnaha Whakahaere Hauora me te Haumaru Mahi) -- Te whakarite i te taiao mahi haumaru
FPC (Mana Whakahaere Hanga Wheketere)ia EN 10248 / EN 10219 -- Te whakapuakitanga whaiaro mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te tohu CE
NORSOK M-650(Paerewa Nōwei mō ngā rauemi maitai) -- E wātea ana mō ngā kaupapa o te Moana-a-Kiwa ki tai
Te Whakamihi Ao Whānui:He kaiwhakarato pono a Womic Steel ki ngā kaimahi kirimana EPC o te ao, ki ngā mana whakahaere tauranga, ki ngā umanga miihini moana, me ngā kaimahi kirimana turanga, e mahi ana ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 80 puta noa i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, Ūropi, te Waenganui Rawhiti, Āwherika, me Amerika.
2. ASTM A252 GR.3: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
ASTM A252 GR.3Ko te paerewa Amerikana tēnei mō ngā puranga paipa maitai kua whakarewaina, kua honoa hoki. Ko te tohu "GR.3" e tohu ana i te Taumata 3, koia te mea e hiahiatia ana te kaha teitei rawa atu i roto i ngā taumata ASTM A252 e toru (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). Ko te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te Taumata 3 he 345 MPa (50,000 psi), ā, koinei te whiringa pai mō ngā turanga hohonu, ngā puranga moana, me ngā tono kawenga taimaha e hiahiatia ana te hanganga pakari teitei.
He mea hanga motuhake te ASTM A252 GR.3 mō ngā mahi poupou, he tino pai te āhua o te whakarewa mō te honohono papa, he pakari pai i te pāmahana iti mō ngā taiao moana, ā, he nui te ngāwari ki te tu atu i ngā ahotea taraiwa i te wā e tāuta ana te poupou. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā momo hanganga paerewa pēnei i te A36, he nui ake te kaha o tēnei momo poupou ki te kawe kawenga, e āhei ai te hohonu o te taraiwa me te iti o ngā rahinga poupou.
Te Hanganga Matū (Tātaritanga Koro, % mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | ASTM A252 GR.3 (Mōrahi %) |
| C | 0.26 |
| Mn | 1.35 |
| P | 0.040 |
| S | 0.050 |
| Si | --- |
| Cu | --- |
Kia mōhio: Kua hangaia te ASTM A252 GR.3 mō ngā mahi poupou me te ngāwari pai hei tu atu i ngā ahotea taraiwa me te kore e pakaru. Ko te waro ōrite (CEV) ka whakahaerehia i te nuinga o te wā kia pai ai te whakarewa i te mara mō te honohono poupou.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma):
| Taonga | ASTM A252 GR.3 |
| Kaha Hua (min) | 345 MPa (50,000 psi) |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 455 MPa (66,000 psi) |
| Te roa (min) | 20% (mō te ine 50mm) |
| Te Pakari o te Pānga | Kāore i tohua (whiringa) |
*Kia mōhio: Mō ngā tono moana e hiahia ana ki te pakari pānga pāmahana iti, ka taea te tohu i te whakamātautau pānga tāpiri hei whakaritenga kōwhiringa. Kei te wātea te whakamātautau pānga i te 0°C, -20°C, -40°C rānei mēnā ka tonoa.*
Te Whakataurite i ngā Tohu Paipa Whakapūmau ASTM A252:
| Tau | Kaha Hua (MPa) | Kaha Kume (MPa) | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Tūāpapa māmā, pou papaku |
| GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Taumahatanga taurite, turanga whare |
| GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Utaina taumaha, moana, turanga hohonu |
Kia mōhio: Mō ngā kaupapa moana tino uaua e hiahia ana ki ngā ahotea taraiwa teitei me te urunga hohonu, ko te ASTM A252 GR.3 te momo e taunakitia ana.
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
Ka tukuna e Womic Steel ngā puranga paipa maitai ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ASTM A252 me ngā paerewa o te ao e pā ana. He pai rawa te tukanga SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) mō ngā mahi puranga whānui.
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) |
| Tukanga Hanga | SSAW (Whakapiripiri Porowhita Rukuhia) - 508mm-3,000mm OD |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 508mm – 3,000mm (20" – 120") |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | 6.0mm – 25.4mm |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m, 12m, 18m / Ritenga: tae atu ki te 60m |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE) / Pito Pito (BE) me ngā mowhiti maitai patunga tapu, he kōwhiringa |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga / Hinuhia / Pango Paninga / 3PE / FBE / Epoxy Tā Waro |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±1.0% / WT: -0% +15% (ASTM) / Roa: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana - Puranga Paipa Rino ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
Paipa Pou SSAW (508mm – 3,000mm OD)
| Ō (mm) | Ngā Kōwhiringa Matotoru o te Pakitara (mm) | Taumaha (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 74.3 – 360.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 89.4 – 454.3 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 762 – 914 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 111.9 – 548.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 914 – 1,067 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 178.7 – 642.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,067 – 1,220 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 209.0 – 736.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,422 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 298.4 – 859.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,422 – 1,625 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 348.2 – 986.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,625 – 2,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 477.1 – 1,217.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 588.5 – 1,527.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 736.5 – 1,841.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Kia mōhio: Kei te wātea ngā ine ritenga i waho atu i ēnei awhe mēnā ka tonoa. Kei te wātea ngā diameter nui ake (tae atu ki te 3,500mm / 138 inihi) mō ngā kaupapa motuhake.
5. Ngā Paerewa Paipa Pou, Moana me te Tūāpapa Noa i Hangaia e Womic Steel
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| Ngā Paerewa Whakatō Koura ASTM | ||
| ASTM A252 | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Ngā puranga paipa rino mō te turanga hohonu, te puranga moana |
| ASTM A500 | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Ngā ngongo porowhita/tapawhā hanganga mō te whakairi me te tautoko |
| ASTM A501 | GR.A, GR.B | Ngā ngongo hanganga wera-hanga mō te poupou |
| ASTM A690 | Te Tohu Moana | Pou rino ātete waikura wai moana |
| ASTM A572 | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | He pou hanganga iti-konumohe kaha-teitei |
| ASTM A588 | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Pou maitai e ārai ana i te huarere, turanga piriti |
| Ngā Paerewa Whakatō Kōura EN | ||
| EN 10248 | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Te whakapūpū i ngā pepa rino wera-hurihuri me te whakapūpū i ngā paipa |
| EN 10219 | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera kua whakarewahia matao mō te poupou |
| EN 10025 | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2 | He maitai hanganga hurihuri-wera mō te whakairi pou me te whakamahi moana |
| Ngā Paerewa API | ||
| API 5L | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Paipa raina e whakamahia ana hei pou (he mea noa ki tai) |
| API 2B | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Te whakatō paipa maitai hanganga taiwhenua |
| Ngā Paerewa JIS | ||
| JIS A5525 | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Ngā puranga paipa rino mō ngā hanganga whanga me te moana |
| JIS G3444 | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Ngā ngongo maitai waro mō te whakairinga hanganga |
Whakamahinga:Te whakatū poupou turanga hōhonu, te whakatū poupou moana, te whakatū papaaho taimoana, te hanga tauranga me te tauranga, te turanga piriti, te tiaki takutai, te parepare wai, te pūnaha parepare, te poupou koti, te hanga tauranga me te whanga, te whakaora whenua, te whakangungu awa, te hangarau kauhanga, te hanga tauranga wai hōhonu, te turanga whakahou rū whenua, ngā taiepa pupuri, ngā tāke, ngā turanga caisson, ngā turanga tāpoi hau taimoana
6. Tukanga Hanga - Puranga Paipa Rino SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded)
Te Tukanga Hanga SSAW mō te Paipa Whakatō (508mm – 3,000mm OD):
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata (Koiri):Ka manatokohia ngā koiri maitai hurihuri wera e haere mai ana mō te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te kounga o te mata e ai ki te ASTM A252, ki ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki rānei. Ka tohaina he tau wera ahurei ki ia koiri hei whakarite i te whai i ngā rauemi puta noa i te whakaputanga.
Te Wetewete me te Whakatakotoranga:Ka utaina ngā koiri rino ki runga i te wetekōiri, ka whāngaihia mā roto i tētahi mīhini whakataurite tika hei whakahāngai i te rīpene, hei tango i te huinga koiri, hei whakarite hoki i te papatahi ōrite mō te hanganga porowhita ōrite.
Te Huri me te Kutikuti i te Tapa:Ka mirahia ngā taha roa e rua o te rīpene maitai, ka tapahia kia tika te whānui (±0.5mm). Mā te whakarite taha ka hangaia he mata ma, whakarara e tika ana mō te hanganga whakarewa porowhita kounga teitei.
Te Hanga Porowhita:Ka whāngaihia te rīpene kua whakatauritea ki roto i tētahi mīhini hanga porowhita i tētahi koki porowhita e whakahaeretia ana. Ka hangaia tonutia te rīpene kia rite ki tētahi āhua porowhita porowhita, me ngā taha e hāngai ana hei whakarewa. Ka taea te whakarite i te koki porowhita kia tutuki ai ngā diameter rerekē mai i te whānui o te koiri kotahi.
Te Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku-ā-roto (SAW):Ka whakarewahia te hononga porowhita o roto i te tuatahi mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakarewa pewa ruku aunoa me te huinga rere me te waea e tika ana. Ka whakanohoia te pane whakarewa ki roto i te paipa kia tika ai te uru.
Te Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku o Waho (SAW):Ka whakarewahia te hononga porowhita o waho i muri tonu i te whakarewatanga o roto, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakarewatanga pewa ruku aunoa. Mā te whakarewatanga o waho ka oti te whakarewatanga uru katoa, ā, ka whakarato i te kaha tāpiri.
Te tapahi ki te roa:Ka tapahia te paipa porowhita tonu kua whakarewahia ki ngā roa kua tohua mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha tapahi plasma, hāora rānei aunoa me te whakahaere roa tika (+50mm -0mm mō ngā whakaritenga pou).
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (NDT):
Whakamātautau Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Ka tirotirohia e te pūnaha UT aunoa te hononga whakarewa porowhita katoa me te tinana paipa katoa mō ngā whakapiringa, ngā whakaurunga, te korenga o te hanumi, me ētahi atu momotu.
Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT):Mā te hihi-X, te hihi-kama rānei o te hononga whakarewa (te roa ira, te roa katoa rānei e ai ki te tohu) hei manatoko i te kounga me te urunga o te whakarewa.
Tirotiro Matūriki Aukume (MPI):Te tirotiro i ngā matimati whakarewa me te rohe kua pāngia e te wera mō ngā kapiti me ngā motumotu o te mata.
Whakamātautau Waipūmau (Whiringa):E wātea ana i runga i te tono a te kiritaki mō ngā mahi whakapuru pou nui e hiahia ana kia manatokohia te pono o te pehanga.
Whakamutunga Whakamutunga:Ngā pito papatahi (tapahia tapawhā) ngā pito piko rānei (koki piko 30°-35°) e ai ki ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki. Ka taea te whakarewa i ngā mowhiti maitai patunga tapu ki ngā pito paipa hei tiaki atu i te wā e pana ana i te pou.
Arotakenga Whakamutunga me te Tohu:Te tirotiro ā-kanohi mō ngā hapa o te mata, te manatoko i ngā āhuatanga (OD, WT, roa, tika, porowhita), me te tohu tuturu e ai ki te ASTM A252 (tae atu ki te tohu, te rahi, te tau wera, te tautuhi kaihanga).
Ngā Painga o te Tukanga SSAW mō te Whakatō Paipa:
1. Te kaha ki te whakaputa i ngā diameters tino nui (tae atu ki te 3,000mm+) mai i ngā koiri whānui paerewa
2. Tukanga whakaputa tonu mō te whai huatanga teitei
3. He iti te utu mō ngā mahi whakatō poupou whānui
4. He pai te pumau o te taha me te porowhita mō te taraiwa
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō te Paipa Whakatakoto SSAW
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa |
| Rauemi Mata (Koiri) | Tātari Matū (Ine Matawai OES) | Manatokohia te tutuki i ngā herenga hanganga ASTM A252 |
| Rauemi Mata (Koiri) | Whakamātautau Kume | Manatokohia te kaha tuku, te kaha kume, te roa |
| Rauemi Mata (Koiri) | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic | Kitea ngā whakapiringa me ngā hapa o roto |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Tirotiro Ahu (Maikoromita) | Aroturukihia te OD, te WT i te wā e hangaia ana he porowhita |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Tirotiro i te Whakarite Tapa | Manatokohia te āhua me te whakaritenga o te taha |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) - Ipurangi | Kitea ngā motumotu whakarewa, te korenga o te hanumitanga |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT) | Manatokohia te urunga o te whakarewa, te porosity, te whakaurunga o te para |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Tirotiro Matūriki Aukume (MPI) | Te kimi i ngā pakaru o te mata (whakarewa me te HAZ) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Ahu | Manatokohia te OD, te WT, te roa, te tika, te porowhita |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau (Whiringa) | Manatokohia te pono o te pēhanga mō ngā tono nui |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Piko Arataki | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te whakarewa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te tinana o te paipa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pānga Charpy V-Notch (Whiringa) | Manatokohia te pakari o te pāmahana iti mō te whakamahinga moana |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pakeke (Whiringa) | Manatokohia te pakeke mōrahi mō te āheinga whakarewa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Tirohanga me te Mata | Tirohia mēnā he hapa o te mata, he whakapiringa, he kapiti |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Manatoko Tohu | Me whakarite kia mau tonu te tohu e ai ki te paerewa |
Ngā Whakamātautau Kōwhiringa mō ngā Whakamahinga Moana me te Tai Hauāuru:
● Whakamātautau CTOD (Te Nekehanga o te Whakatuwheratanga o te Tipi Pakaru) mō te pakari o te pakaru
● Whakamātautau HIC (Haukaru Pakū) mō NACE TM0284
● Whakamātautau SSC (Pakarutanga Āwangawanga Sulfide) mō NACE TM0177
● Whakamātautau Pānga pāmahana-iti i te -20°C, -40°C, -60°C rānei
● Whakamātautau Pakeke (HV10, HRC rānei) mō te tohu ratonga kawa
Ngā tuhinga kounga:
● Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira i raro i te EN 10204 Momo 2.2, 3.1, 3.2 rānei
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (whakapiri me te tinana)
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Irirangi (mēnā kua tohua)
● Pūrongo Tirotiro Ahu
● Te whai i te tau wera ki te paipa kua oti
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua - Puranga Paipa Rino ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
He mea nui ngā puranga paipa maitai ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW mō ngā kaupapa turanga hōhonu, hanganga moana, me ngā kaupapa hangarau ā-iwi taumaha:
Te Whakatō Pūtake Hōhonu:He pou amo kawenga mō ngā whare teitei, ngā piriti, ngā whare ahumahi, me ngā hanganga taumaha e hiahia ana ki te tautoko turanga hohonu. Mā te kaha teitei o GR.3 ka taea te hōhonu ake te taraiwa me te kaha kawenga teitei ake.
Te Tūāpapa Moana me te Moana-ā-Tai:Ngā pou turanga mō ngā papa hinu me te hau o tai, ngā papa keri, ngā papa whakaputa, me ngā turanga tāpoi hau o tai. Me ātete ngā pou moana ki ngā ngaru, ki ngā kaha o ia au, me te taiao waikura o te wai.
Te Hanganga o te Tauranga, te Tauranga me te Tauranga:Te whakatū pou mō ngā taunga ipu, ngā tauranga utanga nui, ngā taunga pāhihi, ngā whakaurunga Ro-Ro, me ngā tauranga utanga whānui. Ka tautoko ngā pou i ngā hanganga papa, ngā aihe taunga, me ngā aihe whāngai.
Te Tūāpapa Piriti me te Tauranga:He pou turanga hōhonu mō ngā pou piriti, ngā tautoko, me ngā turanga pourewa mō ngā piriti taura-mau me ngā piriti whakairi. Ka whakawhitihia e ngā pou ngā kawenga hanganga ki ngā papa tautoko e tika ana.
Te Tiakitanga o te Takutai Moana me te Taiepa Moana:Te whakatū pou mō ngā hanganga taiapa moana, ngā ārai takutai moana, te tiaki takutai moana, me te whakahaere i te horo. Ka whakaratohia e ngā pou paipa rino he tautoko hanganga pakari mō ngā waeine pukupuku me ngā hanganga taupoki raima.
Te Hanganga o te Parepare me te Tauranga:Te whakatū pou mō ngā turanga pareparenga puke paru, ngā pareparenga pakitara poutū, ngā tauranga me ngā awaawa. Mā ngā pou ka pumau te turanga mō ngā hanganga e marara ana te ngaru.
Tautoko Pūnaha Ārai:Ngā pou tautoko mō ngā pūnaha ārai moana i ngā mata o te tauranga me ngā hanganga taunga. Ka mimitihia e ngā pou te kaha taunga, ā, ka tiaki i te waka me te hanganga i te wā e taunga ana.
Puranga Koti mō te Papa Hinu me te Hau:Te whakapūpū i ngā pou mō ngā hanganga uhi e tautoko ana i ngā papa whakaputa hinu me te hau. Ka panaia ngā pou matotoru, whānui te whānui mā roto i ngā waewae uhi, ā, ka whakakīia ki te waikeri.
Te Whakaora Whenua me te Taiapa Moana Whakaora:Te whakatū pou mō ngā hanganga ārai rohe whakahoki whenua, ngā taiepa moana taha, me ngā awa whakahoki whenua. Mā ngā pou ka whai hua te hanganga mō ngā kaupapa whakawhānui whenua.
Te Whakangungu Awa me te Whakahaere Waipuke:He pou hei tiaki i ngā parenga awa, hei ārahi i ngā parenga, hei whakatō, hei whakahaere waipuke. Mā ngā pou paipa rino ka whakau i ngā parenga awa, ka tiaki hoki i te paru me te horo.
Te Hangarau o te Kauhanga me te Tapahi-me-te-Taupoki:Te whakatū pou mō ngā turanga kauhanga tapahi-me-te-taupoki, ngā pakitara pouhanga wehe, me ngā hanganga tautoko tatau kauhanga. Ka tautoko poutū, ka tautoko taha hoki ngā pou mō ngā hanganga o raro whenua.
Te Tūāpapa Whakahou Ruāwhenua:Te whakatū pou hei whakahou i ngā hanganga o nāianei, tae atu ki ngā turanga piriti, ngā turanga whare, me ngā hanganga tauranga e hiahia ana kia ātete ki te rū whenua.
9. Tākai me te Tukunga - Puranga Paipa Rino ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
Ka tākaihia, ka tukuna atu hoki ngā puranga paipa rino ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW me te tino tupato kia tiakina ai i te wā e kawe ana. Anei te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga tākai me te tuku mō ngā paipa puranga SSAW whānui:
Tākai:
Paninga Tiaki:I mua i te tākai, ka pania pea ngā paipa ki tētahi paparanga angiangi o te hinu ārai-waikura, ki tētahi wanihi tiaki rānei hei ārai i te waikura me te waikura o te mata i te wā e rongoa ana, e kawe ana rānei. E wātea ana hoki te paninga tahanga hei paninga tonu i te wāhi e tae atu ai, mō ngā taiao moana rānei kua tohua te āheinga waikura.
Te Whakakotahitanga (Ngā Diameter Iti):Mō ngā paipa iti ake te diameter (kei raro iho i te 610mm / 24"), ka herea ngā paipa ki roto i ngā paipa hexagonal, he tapawhā rānei. Ka herea mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki maitai (3-5 ngā whitiki mō ia paipa me ngā ārai kokonga tiaki) hei ārai i te nekehanga i roto i te paipa.
Te Whakatakotoranga Takitahi (Ngā Diameter Nui):Mō ngā paipa nui ake te whānui (neke atu i te 610mm / 24"), ka tukuna takitahitia ngā paipa nā te taumaha me ngā herenga o te rahi. Mā te whakakī rakau, te rapa rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga paipa ka ārai i te pakū me te kino o te paninga.
Ngā Taumata Mutunga:Ka whakanohoia ngā taupoki pito kirihou, maitai rānei ki ngā pito e rua o ia paipa hei tiaki i ngā pito tapatoru me ngā pito papatahi mai i te kino o te pānga, te urunga mai o ngā paru, me te makuku.
Ngā Mowhiti Rino Patunga (Whiringa):Mō ngā paipa poupou e hiahia ana kia tiakina pai ake ngā pito i te wā e whakatō ana i ngā poupou, ka whakapirihia ngā mowhiti maitai patunga tapu (ko te whānui he 50-100mm te nuinga, ko te matotoru he 6-12mm) ki te pito taraiwa o ia paipa. Ka mimiti ēnei mowhiti i ngā pānga o te hama taraiwa, ā, ka tiaki i te pito paipa mai i te whakarerekētanga.
Whakakī me te Whakamarumaru:Mō ngā ota kaweake kounga teitei, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi whakakī pēnei i ngā mowhiti pahuka, ngā rīpene rapa, ngā papa rakau rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga paipa hei ārai i te pakū, te kino o te paninga, me te kino o te pānga i te wā e whakahaeretia ana me te kawe.
Ngā Pūwāhi Hiki:Ka taea te tāpiri i ngā taura hiki, i ngā pūwāhi hiki rānei kua tohua ki ngā paipa taumaha (neke atu i te 2,000 kg mō ia paipa) hei whakahaere i te tango utanga haumaru ki te ūnga mā te whakamahi i te kerēni, i te forklift rānei.
Tukunga:
Aratau Waka:Ka tukuna ngā paipa mā roto i ngā waka ipu (ngā ipu 20 putu, 40 putu rānei mō ngā diameter iti), ngā kaikawe papatipu (ngā papatipu pakaru mō ngā diameter nui me ngā rahinga nui), te uta tereina rānei, i runga i te ūnga, te rahinga ota, me te tere tuku. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā waka utanga kaupapa mō ngā paipa diameter nui rawa, ngā paipa roa rawa rānei.
Te Whakatakotoranga Ipu (Ngā Diameter Iti):Mō ngā paipa iti ake te diameter (kei raro iho i te 508mm / 20"), ka utaina ngā paipa ki roto i ngā ipu tuku kaipuke paerewa 20 putu, 40 putu rānei hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whakaritenga o te kawe waka. Mā te utaina o ngā ipu ka tiakina ngā utanga mai i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, te makuku, me ngā poke o waho. Ko te kawenga mōrahi o ngā ipu he 20-25 tana mō ia ipu 20 putu.
Te Utaina o te Waka Nui (Ngā Diameter Nui me ngā Rōrahi Nui):Mō ngā ota nui (te nuinga o te wā >500 tana) me ngā paipa whānui (neke atu i te 508mm / 20 inihi), ka utaina tika ngā paipa ki roto i ngā waka kawe nui, ki ngā waka taputapu rānei. Mā ngā kurupae hiki me ngā pae horapa ka ārai i te kino i te wā e utaina ana. Ka whakamahia ngā mekameka ruku, here, me te whakau hei ārai i te nekenga o ngā utanga i te wā e haere ana i te moana. Ko tēnei tikanga te mea tino whai hua mō ngā kaupapa whakairi pou taumaha i te moana.
Ngā Ipu Papatahi, Ngā Ipu Tūwhera rānei (Teitei Rawa / Te Roa Rawa):Mō ngā paipa e nui ake ana i ngā rahinga ipu paerewa (te roa >12m, te whānui rānei >2.3m), ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ipu whatanga papatahi, ngā ipu tuwhera rānei mō ngā rahinga pakaru. Mā ēnei ipu motuhake ka taea te kawe haumaru i ngā utanga nunui rawa.
Te Tapanga me te Tuhituhi:Kei ia paipa, ia paipa takitahi rānei, he mārama ngā tohu me ngā mōhiohio nui tae atu ki te kounga rauemi, te paerewa, ngā rahinga, te tau wera, te tau paipa/paipa, me ngā tohutohu whakahaere. Kua whakaritea ngā tuhinga tuku katoa mō te whakawātea tikanga me te aroturuki utanga.
Te Whakatutukitanga Tikanga:Mō ngā uta ki tāwāhi, kua whakaritea ngā tuhinga katoa e tika ana mō te tikanga tuku taonga---tae atu ki te nama arumoni, te rārangi tākai, te pire uta, te Tiwhikete Takenga Mai (mēnā e hiahiatia ana), ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira, me ngā whakaaetanga kawemai e hiahiatia ana---kia pai ai te tuku i te tauranga ūnga.
Te Whakamau Haumaru:I roto i te waka kawe, i te ipu rānei, ka whakamauhia ngā paipa me ngā paipa takitahi mā te whakamahi i te whitiki maitai (me ngā ārai kokonga), ngā putea tākai, ngā tautoko rakau, ngā here mekameka rānei hei ārai i te neke, te hurihuri, te nekehanga rānei ka pā kino pea i te wā e kawe ana.
Te Aroturuki me te Aroturuki:Ka whakamahia ngā pūnaha aroturuki waka matatau hei aroturuki i te tūnga o ngā kaipuke me te whakarato whakahōutanga wāhi tūturu ki ngā kiritaki. Ka whakaratohia ngā tau aroturuki ipu mō ngā kaipuke ipu katoa. Ka wātea te aroturuki kaipuke mō ngā kaipuke papatipu.
Inihuarangatia:I runga i te uara ota me ngā hiahia o te kiritaki, ka taea te whakarite i te inihua utanga moana (All Risk, With Average rānei) hei utu i ngā mate, i ngā kino rānei i te wā e kawe ana. Mō ngā kaupapa whakairi pou moana utu nui, ka tūtohuhia pea kia tāpirihia he inihua taura me te tāutanga.
Te Whakamahere mō te Hiki Taumaha:Mō ngā paipa taumaha rawa (neke atu i te 5,000 kg ia paipa), me whakarite kia mahi tahi me te tauranga ūnga mō ngā taputapu kawe hiki taumaha (ngā kerēne he nui te kaha, ngā pae horapa motuhake). Ka whakaratohia e Womic Steel ngā whakaritenga utanga taipitopito tae atu ki ngā taumaha paipa takitahi me ngā inenga mō te whakamahere kaupapa.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka whakarite a Womic Steel kia tākaihia ngā puranga paipa maitai ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW katoa ki ngā tikanga tiaki matua o te ahumahi, ā, ka tukuna mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kawe pono kia tae atu ai ki tō rātou ūnga i roto i te āhua pai rawa atu. He mea nui ngā tikanga tākai me te tuku tika hei pupuri i te pono me te kounga o ngā hua kua tukuna, inā koa mō ngā kaupapa turanga moana nui.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic - Puranga Paipa Rino ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
He aha koe i mahi tahi ai me Womic Steel mō te paipa whakarara ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW?
Te whānuitanga katoa o ngā rahi:Ko te tukanga SSAW e kapi ana i te 508mm ki te 3,000mm OD, te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 25.4mm, te roa tae atu ki te 60m mō ngā kaupapa turanga hōhonu me ngā kaupapa poupou moana.
Arotahi ki te Moana me te Moana-ā-Tai:He wheako motuhake ki ngā mahi whakatū pou i roto i te moana me te takutai moana tae atu ki te hanganga tauranga, ngā papaaho takutai moana, ngā turanga piriti, me ngā kaupapa tiaki takutai moana. He māramatanga ki ngā whakaritenga tiaki waikura moana me te ahotea taraiwa.
Ngā Mowhiti Rino Patunga:Te whakarewatanga o roto o ngā mowhiti maitai patunga tapu ki ngā pito pana paipa hei whakapai ake i te tiaki i te wā e pana ana i ngā pou, hei whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te pito paipa me ngā whakaroa tāutanga.
Ngā Ratonga Uara-Tāpiri:Kei te wātea mai i roto i te whare, i roto rānei i ngā whare mahi hoa whai tohu te whakapiko pito (30°-35°), te tapahi pito papatahi, te paninga tiaki (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), me te takai ārai-waikura.
Te āheinga mō te roa:Tae atu ki te 60m te roa kotahi mō ngā kaupapa turanga hōhonu, ka whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga honohono papa me te wā tāutanga. Kei te wātea ngā roa ritenga, kāore he utu tāpiri mō ngā awhe paerewa.
Te Whakahaere Whakataetae:Mā te hononga rautaki me ngā kaikawe utanga o te ao me ngā tohunga utanga kaupapa ka whakarite kia pai te uta (ipu, puranga pakaru, kaipuke kaupapa rānei) me te tuku kaipuke puta noa i te ao mō ngā paipa pou taumaha me ngā paipa nunui.
Ngā tuhinga whānui:Ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira Katoa (EN 10204 Momo 2.2, 3.1, 3.2 rānei), ngā pūrongo NDT (UT, RT), ngā pūrongo ā-ahu, me ngā tuhinga whaiwhai e whakaratohia ana mō ia tuku. Ka taea te tirotiro mā te hunga tuatoru (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) ina tonoa.
Kōwhiria te Womic Steel Group hei hoa pono mō ngā puranga paipa maitai ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW kounga teitei mō ngā kaupapa turanga moana, takutai moana, me te hohonu puta noa i te ao. Nau mai ki te uiui!
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Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ) - Puranga Paipa Rino ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te SSAW me te LSAW mō te whakapūpū paipa?
A: Ka whakamahia e te SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) he tukanga whakarewa porowhita, he mea pai mō ngā diameter nui (508mm-3,000mm) me ngā pakitara angiangi ki waenga. Ka whakamahia e te LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) he whakarewa hononga tika, he pai ake mō ngā diameter iti ake (508mm-1,500mm) me ngā pakitara matotoru (tae atu ki te 50.8mm). Ko te SSAW he iti ake te utu mō ngā tono pou tino diameter nui, ko te LSAW ia he pai ake te hononga hononga mō ngā tono pakitara matotoru.
P: He aha te mowhiti maitai patunga tapu, ā, āhea me whakamahi?
A: He wāhanga maitai poto te mowhiti maitai patunga tapu (ko te whānui he 50-100mm te nuinga, ko te matotoru he 6-12mm, he paipa OD ōrite) kua whakapirihia ki te pito taraiwa o te paipa poupou. Ka mimiti i te kaha pānga mai i te hama taraiwa poupou, hei tiaki i te pito paipa mai i te whakarerekētanga, te piko, te ngatata rānei. E taunakihia ana ngā mowhiti patunga tapu mō ngā āhuatanga taraiwa uaua (onepu matotoru, kirikiri, kōhao toka), ngā hama taraiwa poupou taumaha, ngā paipa pakitara angiangi, ngā kaupapa nui ka whakaroa i te wātaka ina pakaru te pito paipa, me ngā paipa e hiahia ana kia ātete wai i muri i te taraiwa.
P: He aha ngā kōwhiringa roa e wātea ana mō ngā paipa poupou ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW?
A: Ko ngā roa paerewa he 6m, 12m, me te 18m. Mō ngā kaupapa turanga hohonu me ngā kaupapa moana, ka tukuna e mātou ngā roa ritenga tae atu ki te 60m (200 putu) i runga i te whānui me te matotoru o te pakitara. He nui ngā painga o ngā roa roa: he iti ake te maha o ngā hononga mara (he iti ake te utu tāutanga, he tere ake te wātaka), he pai ake te haere tonu o te hanganga, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā hapa whakarewa. Heoi, ko ngā roa roa ake me kawe motuhake (ngā ipu whatanga papatahi, ngā kaipuke nui, ngā utanga kaupapa rānei) ā, tera pea he nui ake ngā utu kawe.
Q: He aha ngā kōwhiringa paninga e wātea ana mō ngā paipa poupou moana hei tiaki i te waikura o te wai moana?
A: He maha ā mātou kōwhiringa paninga ārai-waikura mō ngā taiao moana: FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) paparanga kotahi, paparanga rua rānei, 3LPE/3LPP (Three Apa Polyethylene/Polypropylene), Coal Tar Epoxy, Hot Dip Galvanizing, Liquid Epoxy, me te Concrete Weight Coating (CWC). Mō te nuinga o ngā tono poupou moana, ko te paninga 3LPE, FBE rānei me te tiaki cathodic te paerewa ahumahi.
Q: Ka taea e koe te tuku paipa poupou me te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
Āe. E mihi ana mātou ki ngā tirotiro a DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, tētahi atu māngai rānei kua tohua e te kiritaki i te wā whakaputa me mua i te tuku. 3.2 ka tukuna tonutia ngā tiwhikete tirotiro kua whakamanahia e ngā rōpū tuatoru whai mana ina tonoa.
P: He aha ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro (NDT) e whakaratohia ana mō ngā paipa poupou ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW?
A: Kei roto i te NDT Paerewa te Whakamātautau Ultrasonic 100% (UT) o te hononga whakarewa me te tinana paipa, me te tirotiro ā-wāhi Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT). Kei te wātea te MPI, te Whakamātautau Waipūmau, me ētahi atu UT mēnā ka tonoa. Mō ngā tono moana nui, ka tūtohu mātou i te 100% RT, i te UT roa-katoa rānei.
P: He aha te wā ārahi noa mō te paipa poupou ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW?
A: Ko ngā wā arahi paerewa he tata ki te 30-45 ngā rā mō te hanga SSAW, i runga i te rahinga ota, te whānui, te matotoru o te pakitara, me ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau. Tērā pea ka wātea ngā ota tere (20-30 ngā rā) mō ngā rahinga iti ake. Mō ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana kia tirotirohia e te hunga tuatoru, tāpirihia he 5-10 ngā rā. Mō te paninga (FBE, 3LPE, me ētahi atu), tāpirihia he 10-20 ngā rā.
Q: He aha ngā tuhinga e whakaratohia ana me ia tuku?
A: Kei roto i ia uta te Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (EN 10204 Momo 3.1), te Pūrongo Tirotiro Ahu, ngā Pūrongo UT, ngā Pūrongo RT (mēnā kua tohua), ngā Tuhinga Aroturuki, te Rārangi Tākai, te Nama Tauhokohoko, me te Tiwhikete Taketake. Mō ngā paerewa EN, ka whakaratohia pea te whakapuakitanga tohu CE me te Whakapuakitanga Mahi (DoP).
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