He aha te Hiranga o tēnei Aratohu (Ahakoa kei te whakaaro koe kua mōhio kē koe)
Kia pono tātou – ko te nuinga o ngā mira maitai ka wareware ki ngā kohua para tae noa ki te pakaru o tētahi mea, ki te āhua whakapae rānei o tētahi porotiti. Kātahi ka puta he āhuatanga ohorere: ka mutu te mahi whakaputa, ka rapu koe i tētahi whakakapinga, ā, ka ngaro te moe o ngā kaiwhakahaere haumaru.
Kua kite mātou i te tauira kotahi i roto i ngā wheketere maitai neke atu i te 100. Ko te rongo pai: ko te nuinga o ngā pakaru o te ipu para ka taea te ārai mā te tiaki ngāwari, iti te utu. Mā tēnei aratohu koe e āwhina – kāore he taputapu whakapaipai, kāore he kaitohutohu utu nui.
*I runga i ngā urupare tūturu mai i ngā kiritaki o Womic Steel mō ngā tau 12, me ngā whakaaro mai i ngā miihini tiaki kua pupuri i ngā kohua para kia rere mō ngā huringa 10,000+.*
Wāhanga 1: Ngā Take Tuturu e Mate ai ngā Ipu Para (Ehara i te mea e Kōrerotia ana e ngā Kaiwhakarato)
| Te Take o te Rahunga | % o ngā Take (raraunga mara Womic) | Rārangi Wā Noa |
| Ngā pakaru ngenge wera (te taha me te taha) | 42% | 2–4 tau |
| Ngā pakaru o te pakiaka trunnion | 28% | 3–5 tau |
| Te hukapapa o te para / te kino ā-mīhini | 18% | I ngā wā katoa |
| Te angiangi/te horo o te pakitara | 8% | 4–6 tau |
| Te hapa whakarewa taketake | 4% | <1 tau |
Ngā tirohanga matua:Ko te ngenge wera te nama tuatahi. Ka puta tēnei nā te mea ka huri ngā kohua para mai i te wera nui (1,600°C) ki te matao (300–500°C) 10–20 ngā wā ia rā. Ka whānui, ka whakawhāiti hoki te konganuku i ia huringa. I roto i te wā, ka tīmata ngā kapiti iti i te taha ka horapa ki raro.
He aha te mea e kino ake ai:
● Te whakamatao kāore i te ōrite (te wai e tauhiuhia ana ki tetahi taha)
● He roa te wā e mau ana me te para wāhanga (ka puta he wāhi wera)
● Hoahoa piko ngoikore (radius koi = kukū ahotea)
● Ko te rongo pai – mā te torutoru noa o ngā huringa māmā, ka taea e koe te tāpiri i te 1,000–2,000 huringa ki ia kohua.
Wāhanga 2: Ngā Arowhai o Ia Rā, o Ia Wiki hoki (Ka Taea e te Katoa)
Kāore koe e hiahia ki ngā tohunga hangarau whai tiwhikete NDT mō ēnei. Whakangunguhia ō kaiwhakahaere kerēni, ō kaiwhakahaere huringa rānei. E 5 meneti te roa mō ia kohua.
Ia Huringa – Tirotiro Tirohanga
| Ngā mea hei tirotiro māu | Te Tikanga o Tēnei | Mahi |
| He pakaru hou kei te awhi, inā koa kei te taha o ngā porowhita | Ngenge wera wawe | Tohua ki te tioka, tirohia ia wiki |
| He piko, he rerekētanga rānei o raro | Te pānga kaha i te wā e maka ana | Tirohia mēnā he kapiti ngaro; whakatikatikahia te tukanga maka |
| He para e piri ana ki te pakitara o roto (>50mm te matotoru) | Kua pakaru te paninga, kua hē rānei te pari | Whakaritea te horoi; whakaarohia te paninga anō |
| Te matotoru o te mata o te trunnion >3mm | Kāore i te ōrite, i te hē rānei te tūnga o te matau kerēni | Inehia me te ripoata; me hanga pea he hononga whakarewa |
| Te pupuhi, te tihore rānei o te peita | Te wera rawa i taua rohe | Aroturuki i te pāmahana |
Ia Wiki – Whakamātautau Pātene Māmā
Whakamahia he hama pōro pēin 500 karamu. Patohia te kohua ki ngā rohe e 5: te awhi (4 ngā hauwhā), te taha taha, te raro, me ngā pou e rua.
He tangi mārama→ Āe
He tangi pōuri, he tangi takoto kau rānei→ Kapiti ā-roto pea, ka whakapiripiri rānei → Tohu mō te tirotiro UT
He tino pai te mahi a tēnei tikanga tawhito. I kitea e tētahi kaihoko ētahi kohua e toru me ngā ngatata o roto i mua i te kitenga atu.
Ia Wiki – Tirotiro Hurihanga Trunnion
Mena he āheinga hurihuri ā-ringa ō matau kerēni, hurihia mārire te kohua i a koe e whakairihia ana. Whakarongo ki te huri, ki te nekenekehanga koretake rānei. Mena he pakari te hurihanga, tera pea kua pakaru, kua hē rānei ngā pū o te kerēni.
Wāhanga 3: Ngā Arotakenga ā-Marama me ā-Hauwhā (Ngā Utauta Māmā)
Ko ngā taputapu ine taketake hei whakamahi mā ēnei – he rīpene ine, he caliper, he mata tika.
Inehia te Porowhita o te Awhi
Whakatakotoria he taha tika puta noa i te whānui o te awhi. Inehia te āputa i ngā pūwāhi e 4.
E whakaaetia ana:Te rerekētanga ≤15mm mai i te porowhita.
Mena >15mm:Kei te piko te kohua. Hurihia ki te teihana iti ake te mahi, whakaritea rānei he wā whakatikatika.
Tirohia te Matotoru o te Pakitara (Kāore he UT? Me mahi tēnei)
Kāore e taea te ine i te matotoru tika me te kore he UT, engari ka taea e koe te kite i te horo nui, i ngā kapiti o roto rānei mā te:
●Whakamakukuhia te mata o te kohua ki te wai– ki te mea he kapiti kei roto i te pakitara, ka mimiti mārire te wai i waho i muri i te whakamatao o te kohua.
●Whakatauritehia te taumaha i hangaia i mua– paunatia he kohua hou, he rite te hoahoa. Mena he mama ake tō kohua kua whakamahia i te >5%, whakapaehia kei angiangi te pakitara.
●Te Kākahu Pūwero Trunnion
Inehia te diameter o ngā poka trunnion mā te whakamahi i te caliper o roto.
Te rohenga kakahu:3mm te pikinga mai i te taketake.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, e hiahiatia ana te whakapiri i te pūkaha, te whakapiri rānei i te pūkaha.
Wāhanga 4: Arotakenga Ngaio ā-Tau (He aha koe kaua ai e mahue)
Kotahi i te tau, me kawe mai he tohunga hangarau NDT whai tohu. Te whānuitanga iti rawa:
| Whakamātautau | Tauwāhi | Paerewa |
| Te mahere matotoru orooro | 20 ngā tohu mō ia kohua | ASME, ISO rānei |
| Matūriki aukume (MT) | Te pūtoro pakiaka trunnion, te awhi 100mm te whitiki | ASTM E709 |
| Te werohanga tae (PT) | Tetahi wāhi whakapae | ASTM E165 |
Utu:~$300–500 mō ia kohua.
Whakahokinga:Mā te kite wawe i te pakaru ka taea te whakatika i te wā e whakamahia tonutia ana te kohua. Tekau ngā wā ka nui ake te utu mō te whakakapi i tētahi kohua kua pakaru i te wā e kore ai e whakamahia.
Tūturu te take: I mahue i tētahi mira o Turkey te tirotiro ā-tau mō ngā tau e 3. I te tau 2022, i pakaru tētahi pou i te wā e hiki ana – i heke te kohua 30-tana ki te 2 mita. Kāore he whara, engari i mutu te whakaputa mō ngā haora 18. Tāpiri atu ki te utu mō te whakakapi i te kohua me te whakatika i te papa.
Wāhanga 5: Whakatika – Ngā Mea Ka Taea te Whakatika (me Ngā Mea Kāore e Taea te Whakatika)
Ka taea te Whakatika (He Whai Hua te Utu)
| Koha | Tikanga Whakatika | Te Reiti Angitu |
| Kapiti pāpaku (<20mm te hohonu) | Hurihia, kia maeneene te radius | Tino teitei |
| Te mata o te trunnion kua pakaru | Mīhini whakarewa hanga + | Teitei (mēnā ka mahia ki te kaiwhakarewa whai tohu) |
| Pōkākā, pōkākā rānei | Hurihia kia māeneene; kāore he mea e hiahiatia ana he whakakī | Teitei |
| Te rahunga o te paninga | Tāpirihia anō te paninga ārai-piri | Tino teitei |
| Te angiangi o te pakitara (<15% o te taketake) | Whakaaetia kia rite ki tōna āhua; aroturukihia | Kāore he |
Ka taea te whakatika me te tūpato
| Koha | Tikanga Whakatika | Mōrearea |
| Kapiti hōhonu (>20mm engari kāore e puta i te pakitara) | Keria, whakarewahia, whakamama i te ahotea | Waenga (tērā pea ka pakaru anō) |
| Kapiti pakiaka trunnion | Te whakatikatika katoa o te whakarewa, kātahi ka tirotirohia e te UT | Waenga – me whai kaiwhakarewa me te PWHT whai tohu |
| Awhi piko | Te whakatikatika wera (he iti noa te angitu) | Teitei – ka puta pea he ahotea hou |
Kāore e taea te whakatika (Whakarērea / Whakarewa anō)
● He roa ake i te 200mm te pakaru o te pakitara
● Kua pakaru katoa, kua ngaro rānei te trunnion
● Te angiangi rawa o te pakitara (>25% taketake)
● He maha ngā kapiti e hanga ana i tētahi whatunga (kiri arakita)
● He kohua kua neke atu i te 3 ngā wā i whakarewahia ai
Ture matua:Ki te kore koe e tino mōhio, tukuna atu ngā whakaahua ki tō kaiwhakarato kohua para. Ka tukuna e te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakarato rongonui he aromatawai kore utu.
Wāhanga 6: Te Tiaki i te Paninga – Te Mea Tino Kāore i te Mōhiotia
He tino mate hua te piri o te para (whakatio). Ka roa ake te huringa, me pakaru ā-ringa, ā, ka kino te mata o roto.
Me pēhea te mōhio kei te hiahia tō paninga kia arohia:
● He nui ake i te 50mm te matotoru o ngā rākau para i muri i te makanga
● Me patu te kohua kia puta ai te paru
● Ka kite koe i te konganuku tahanga i roto i te peihana i muri i te horoinga
Te tiaki māmā:
● Ia 3 marama, pania te mata ki te paninga ārai-piri wera-teitei (e wātea ana hei aerosol, hei paraihe rānei).
● Ia 12 marama, pania anō te peihana o roto (pania ki te kirikiri Sa 2.5, pania kia rua ngā paparanga o te uku-epoxy).
● Te utu mō te paninga anō: ~$800–1,500 mō ia kohua.
● Whakahokinga: Ka whakaiti i te hukapapa mā te 70%, ka whakaiti i te wā horoi, ka whakaroa i te roa o te wā e pau ana i te kohua.
Wāhanga 7: Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Rokiroki me te Whakahaere
He maha ngā mira e penapena ana i ngā kohua para ki waho. He pai tēnā, engari me whai i ēnei ture:
| Do | Kaua |
| Penapenahia ki runga i ngā papa rakau, i ngā papa raima rānei | Penapena tika ki te whenua mākū |
| Taupokina ngā kohua ki ngā tārapa i te wā ua/hukarere | Tukua kia putu te wai i roto i te peihana |
| Hurihia ngā kohua e whakamahia ana (whakamahia te mea tawhito ki mua) | Puritia te kohua kotahi kia whakamahia mō ngā marama |
| Whakarōpūhia ngā kohua kia rite ki te rahi/te pakeke | Whakaranua ngā kohua kua tawhito ki ngā mea hou |
| Tohua ia kohua ki te tohu tuakiri, te taumaha, me te rā tirotiro | Whakawhirinaki ki te mahara |
He aha te hiranga o te hurihanga:Ki te whakamahia tonutia ngā kohua e toru, ā, ka waiho kia rima ki te rokiroki, ka tere te pakaru o ngā kohua e toru, ka pirau ngā kohua e rima i te huarere. Hurihia ia wiki.
Wāhanga 8: Te Whakangungu i tō Rōpū – Pānui Rārangi Arowhai Māmā
Ka tūtohu mātou kia tāia tēnei rārangi arowhai, ka whakairihia ki te taha o te wāhi rokiroki o te kohua para.
Tirotiro i te Ipu Para i ia Rā (5 meneti)
● Hīkoi haere i te kohua – he pakaru hou?
● Patohia te awhi ki te hama – mowhiti mārama?
● Ngā pūtu rakau – he pakaru, he pakaru, he kapiti rānei?
● Te peihana o roto – kua piri te paru neke atu i te 50mm?
● He peita – he pupuhi?
Mena he ĀE ki tētahi → Tag pot, whakamōhio atu ki te kaiwhakahaere.
Rārangi Arowhai ā-Wiki (30 meneti mō ngā kohua katoa)
● Inehia te porowhita o te awhi (te taha tika)
● Tirohia te pakaru o te pūwero (caliper)
● Paunatia te ipu tauira (whakatairite ki te taumaha hou)
● Tirohia te āhua o te paninga
Ko te tīma kua whakangungua pai te parepare pai rawa atu mōu i ngā hinganga nui.
Wāhanga 9: Āhea te Waea atu ki tētahi Tohunga
Kāore koe e hiahia kia tohunga, engari me mōhio koe ki te wā tika hei tono āwhina. Whakapā atu ki tō kaiwhakarato kohua para ina:
● Ka kitea he kapiti roa atu i te 100mm, hohonu atu rānei i te 20mm
● Neke atu i te 5mm te whānui o te kakahu o te trunnion
● Kua heke te taumaha o te kohua mā te neke atu i te 8% mai i te mea hou
● Me whakatika te whakarewa (kaua e tukua kia mahia e tetahi kaiwhakarewa – me whakamahana mua me te PWHT)
● Kāore koe i te tino mōhio ki ngā hua o te tirotiro
Ko ngā tuku a Womic Steel:
● Whakangungu tirotiro i te papaanga (1 rā, i tō wheketere)
● Kōrerorero ataata mamao
● Ngā whakaritenga tukanga whakatikatika whakarewa (WPS)
● Ngā kete paninga whakakapinga
Wāhanga 10: Whakarāpopototanga – Tō Mahere Mahi 12-Marama
| Marama | Mahi |
| Marama 1 | Whakangunguhia ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te rārangi arowhai o ia rā. Tirohia ngā tarukino katoa. Tāpirihia he tohu ki te hunga e whakapaetia ana. |
| Marama 2 | Whakaritea te mahere matotoru UT mō ngā kohua tawhito rawa. |
| Marama 3 | Whakamātauria te mahi a ngā peihana o roto o ngā kohua kino e toru. |
| Marama 6 | Inehia te pakaru o te pou, te porowhita o te awhi. Hurihia te whakamahinga o te kohua. |
| Marama 9 | Whakahoutia te UT ki ngā kohua i te taha. |
| Marama 12 | Te NDT ā-tau katoa. Whakamaherehia ngā whakakapinga mō te tau e tū mai nei. |
Kupu Whakamutunga – Ko te Tiaki Tino Whai Hua ko te Ārai
Ia wā ka karohia e koe te whakakapi i te ipu para, ka penapena koe i ngā tekau mano tāra. Ia wā ka āraihia e koe te pakaru o te trunnion, ka karohia e koe te aituā haumaru pea.
Kāore koe e hiahia ki ngā hangarau utu nui – me whai whakaaro nui koe, me whai pūnaha māmā hoki. Whakamahia tēnei aratohu, urutauhia ki tō tipu, ā, mātakitaki i te pikinga o te ora o tō kohua mā te 20–40%.
Me āwhina koe ki te whakarite i tō kaupapa tirotiro i te kohua para?
Ka tukuna e Womic Steel he kōrerorero mamao kore utu mō te haora kotahi. Ka arotakehia e mātou ō kohua o nāianei, ō hītori pakaru, me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere – kātahi ka hoatu he tohutohu motuhake ki a koe.
Wikitōria:+86 15575100681 (WhatsApp/WeChat)
Hēki:+86 18390957568 (WhatsApp/WeChat)
Īmēra: sales@womicsteel.com
Paetukutuku: www.womicsteel.com
Womic Steel – Ehara i te mea ko ngā kohua para anake tā mātou e hanga ana; ka āwhina mātou i a koe kia tino whai hua ai koe i aua kohua.
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