1. Kaihanga o ngā Koro Para: Te Aroaro me te Kaha o te Rino Womic
He kaihanga ngaio a Womic Steel, he kaihokohoko hoki ongā koko para(e mōhiotia ana ko ngā koko keri para, ngā peere para, ngā koko whakarewa rānei) kei Haina. Neke atu i te 20 tau o te wheako ki te whakaputa maitai waro me ngā hua ngongo maitai whakarewa, ka whakamahia e tā mātou wheketere whakarewa ngā wāhanga modular tino tika me te hangarau whakaata āwhina-rorohiko (CAE) hei whakarite i te hanganga o ia hua whakarewa i roto i te wahi kotahi.
Te whakaputanga o ia marama:Neke atu i te 2,000 tāne o ngā whakarewa maitai, tae atu ki ngā koko para me ngā waeine takitahi tae atu ki te 100 tāne te taumaha.
Whakaritenga tino nui:Ka hoahoahia, ka hangaia hoki e mātou tetahi kaha (5 – 100 tana), te matotoru, te rauemi, me te whakaotinga i runga i ngā tuhi a te kiritaki me ngā tikanga whakahaere o tā rātou oumu.
2. Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me te Mahi o te Pūnamu Para
2.1 Ngā Rauemi Rino (ZG)
E ai ki ngā paerewa o te ao e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga maitai (ASTM, DIN, ISO, JIS), ko ngā koko para Womic Steel he mea hanga ki ngā momo kua whakapūmautia, pērā i ēnei e whai ake nei, ia momo he āhua hanganga motuhake hei tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei (+1,600 °C):
| Tau | Kaha Hua (MPa) | Kaha Kume (MPa) | Te roa (%) | Te tono i tūtohutia |
| ZG270-500 | ≥270 | ≥500 | ≥18 | Pākete whānui (utu whai hua) |
| ZG310-570 | ≥310 | ≥570 | ≥15 | Ngā huringa mahi kaha |
| GS-20Mn5 | ≥300 | 480-630 | ≥22 | Ngā whakaritenga mahi tino pai, ngā āhuarangi makariri |
| ASTM A27 65-35 | ≥241 | ≥448 | ≥24 | Tiwhikete US, kaupapa |
2.2 Ngā Āhuatanga Matū (Tātari, Ngā Uara Ōrau Papatipu, %)
| Huānga | ZG270-500 (Paerewa) | GS-20Mn5 (Paerewa) | ASTM A27 60-30 |
| Waro (C) | 0.30 – 0.37 % | 0.18 – 0.23 % | 0.28 – 0.32 % |
| Hiraka (Si) | 0.30 – 0.50 % | 0.30 – 0.50 % | 0.30 – 0.60 % |
| Manganēhi (Mn) | 1.10 – 1.40 % | 1.00 – 1.50 % | 0.90 – 1.20 % |
| Whēkau (P) | ≤ 0.030 % | ≤ 0.020 % | ≤ 0.040 % |
| Whānariki (S) | ≤ 0.030 % | ≤ 0.020 % | ≤ 0.040 % |
| Konukōmiuma (Kr) | – | ≤ 0.30 % | – |
| Nikara (Ni) | – | ≤ 0.40 % | – |
| Molibdenuma (Mo) | – | ≤ 0.10 % | – |
Ka tautokohia e ngā pūnu kōhatu mō ngā oumu hiko (EAF) te toharite o te 15–20 huringa ia rā. Ko te koranu waro iti (<0.23%) me te tāpiri o te molybdenum me te nickel ka whakapai ake i tōna pakari me te ātete ki te pakaru o te ngenge wera.
2.3 Ngā āhuatanga ā-mīhini
Te rohenga rapa:270 – 310 MPa (ZG), 300 MPa (GS 20Mn5). Ka whakaroa te rohenga rapa teitei ake (GS 20Mn5) i ngā whakarerekētanga kirihou i raro i ngā āhuatanga taumaha rawa.
Kukū:Ko te roa o te pūnu para ZG270 500 he 18%, ko ngā tohu ASTM A27 me GS 20Mn5 e eke ana ki te 22% ki te 24%; e tohu ana tēnei i te kaha mimiti pūngao teitei ake i mua i te whati.
Ātete ki te ngenge wera (whakatauira CAE):He rauemi GS 20Mn5, i whakamahanatia ki te hau e whakahaeretia ana, e tu atu ana ki te ~3,200 huringa (ΔT 1,300 °C) i mua i te pakaru, 115% te nui ake i te maitai waro paerewa.
2.4 Te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi me te ātete ki te ru wera
Te pāmahana mōrahi tonu:~600°C mō ZG270 500 me ASTM A27; ~650 °C mō GS 20Mn5.
Ātete ki te ru wera:Ka taea e te maitai angiangi (GS 20Mn5) te tu atu i te neke atu i te 3,000 huringa katoa (te whakamahana mai i te 300°C ki te 1,600°C me te whakamatao ohorere i te hau), ka whakanekehia te roa o te ora o ngā momo paerewa.
3. Aratohu Rahi: Te Kaha, te Taumaha, me ngā Ine (Tauira mō te Koro Para 30t)
| Te kaha (t) | Taumaha Tata (t) | Rōrahi Toharite (m³) | Diameter o te Waha (mm) | Teitei Katoa (mm) |
| 20 tāra (Paerewa) | 25 – 30 tāra | 12 – 16 m³ | 1,800 | 1,500 |
| 30 tāra | 33 – 40 tāra | 18 – 22 m³ | 2,200 | 1,800 |
| 40 tāra | 42 – 52 tāra | 24 – 28 m³ | 2,500 | 2,100 |
| 50 tāra | 52 – 62 tāra | 29 – 35 m³ | 2,800 | 2,400 |
| 70 tāra | 60 – 72 tāra | 40 – 50 m³ | 3,200 | 2,700 |
| 85 – 100 tāra | 75 – 105 tāra | 45 – 65 m³ | 3,600 | 3,000 |
Ka hangaia ngā hoahoa me ngā inenga whakamutunga kia rite ki ngā inenga me ngā hiahia kua whakatakotoria ki roto i te mahere a te kiritaki (tirohanga teitei, te whānui mōrahi o te kerēni, te teitei i raro i te mīhini ringihanga, me ētahi atu).
4. Tukanga Hanga: Makanga Whakauru Kotahi Wāhanga
Ko te tukanga hanga o tekoko parapenei:
Hangarau Āwhina-Rorohiko (CAE) me te Pūmanawa Whakatauira Whakatōtika Huazhu®Ka tautuhia e ā mātou tohunga hangarau te tauira 3D, ā, ka whakatauira i te whakapakeketanga o te konganuku rewa. Ko te whāinga he kite i ngā hapa whakarewa (ngā kōhao whakaheke, te pūngao, ngā whakaurunga) i mua i te hanga tauira rakau, i te tānga 3D rānei o ngā pokepokea ai.
Te Hanga Tauira me ngā Pokepoke Oneone Tānga-3D (Hanumitanga Resin)Ka hangaia ngā tauira rakau, whakarewa rānei kia rite ki te hoahoa a te kiritaki. Mō ngā wāhanga tino tika, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i ngā pokepoke onepu tā-3D.
Te Rewa me te Whakamahinga: Ka utaina te para maitai kua tīpakohia. Ka whakarewahia te uta e te Umu Āwhata Hiko (EAF); kātahi ka tukuna te konganuku rewa ki te teihana Umu Ladle (LF) hei whakamahine – hei whakaiti i te S, P, O₂, H₂ – me te whakatikatika i te hanganga. I muri i te whakamahine, ka mahia te tango hau korehau (VD) hei tango i ngā hau rewa (H₂ < 2 ppm).
Te Maka Kotahi-RingihiaKa ringihia te tinana katoa, me ngā porowhita whakauru e rua, i roto i te mahi whakarewa kotahi tonu. Kāore he momo whakarewa e whakamahia ana.
Te Maimoatanga WeraTe whakataurite me te/te tinei rānei i roto i te oumu momo-pere, me te tuhi tonu i te pāmahana (te pihi wā-pāmahana) e whakarato ana i te whai i te katoa.
Te Whakapūtanga Oneone, te Horoi, te Whakaoti me te Mīhini (mēnā e hiahiatia ana)Ka tangohia ngā kōhao mai i te pūnaha whāngai, ā, ka hurihia ngā mata kia whiwhi ai i tētahi āhua mata kounga teitei.
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro 100% (NDT)Ka mahia te tirotiro tirohanga, te whakamātautau ultrasonic katoa-rahi (UT) o te maitai, ā, ka whakamahia te whakamātautau matūriki aukume (MT) me te whakamātautau werohanga wai (PT) ki ngā wāhi tino nui (ngā trunnions, ngā radius hononga).
Te Tohu me te TākaiTe whakairo o te maha o ngā mea i whakarewaina, te kaha, te taumaha, te rā whakaputa. Mā te peita o waho (hina hiriwa) ka tiakina i te wā e kawe ana i te moana.
5. Te Mana Kounga me ngā Tiwhikete
5.1 Te tirotiro me te whakamātautau kounga
| Atamira | Momo Tirotiro | Paerewa / Tikanga | Ngā Paearu Whakaae |
| Rīhiti Para | Te Hanganga Matū | Ine Matawai OBLF GS‑1000 | Manatoko i te Paerewa Rino (ZG / ASTM / DIN) |
| Tukanga Rewa | Ngā Tauira Kōrere | Ine Matawai + Ngā Hononga Wera | Te Whakatutuki i ngā Whakatakotoranga Katoa a te Kaihoko |
| Te Whakatauira Whakatauira | Tirotiro Ahu | Taputapu CMM / Aroturuki Reera | ±5 mm (mō ngā porowhita) / ±10 mm (ngā āhuahanga) |
| Maimoatanga Wera Rino Maka | Te Tuhi Pāmahana | Pūreretā Ine Pāmahana Wā Tonu | Piko Whaiaro me te Whakamana |
| Whakamātautau Ultrasonic NDT (UT) | JB/T5000.14 Paerewa Taumata 1 me te Taumata 2 (Putanga Tuarua) | Taputapu Whakamātautau Ultrasonic Aunoa | Taumata 1 mō ngā porowhita (500 mm te hohonu). Taumata 3 mō te tinana whānui |
| Te Whakamātautau Matūriki Aukume (MT) | Paerewa ASTM E709 / GB/T 9444 | Taputapu Ioka Aukume | Kāore e whakaaetia ngā tohu rārangi > 2 mm |
| Whakamātautau Whakauru Wai (PT) | Paerewa ASTM E165 / GB/T 9443 | Te rehu | Kāore he tohu pakaru |
| Tirotiro Ahu | Me te Aroturuki Taiaho | Ngā Taputapu Ine Kawe | ±10 mm i ngā āhuatanga o waho |
| Te pakeketanga | Whakamātautau Pakeke Leeb | 20 Ngā Tohu – 150 Ngā Inenga | Te ōritetanga ±10 HB |
Tiwhikete Whakamutunga: EN 10204 Momo 3.1(paerewa),EN 10204 Momo 3.2(inā tonoa, me te aroaro o te tari tirotiro).
5.2 Ngā Tiwhikete Rino Womic
ISO 9001:2015– He pūnaha whakahaere kounga kua whakaaetia.
PED 2014/68/EU (Tohu CE)– E tutuki ana i te Ture mō ngā Taputapu Pēhanga o Ūropi.
ISO 14001:2015– Te whakapau kaha ki te whakahaere taiao (e hiahia ana mātou ki te tiaki i te taiao).
ISO 45001:2018– Te aro nui ki te hauora me te haumaru mahi.
Tiwhikete tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (SGS, BV, TÜV, ABS, DNV, LR) ina tonoa.
6. Ngā Whakamahinga Pūnamu Para
Nā te pakari o te hanganga me te ngāwari ki te whakarite, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā koko para Womic Steel i roto i ngā momo ahumahi. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te whakamahinga koia ēnei:
Ngā Whare Hanga Rino me te Rino Whakauru:E pā ana ki ngā oumu pupuhi me ngā tukanga hanga maitai BOF/LD. Ka whakamahia ngā koko hei whakawhiti i te para mai i ngā kaitahuri ki ngā papa para me ngā teihana tango para.
Ngā Whare Hanga Rino o te Oumu Āwhata Hiko (EAF):Ka urutau ngā koko para EAF motuhake ki ngā huringa whakakī me te tukunga tere, he pai mō ngā taiao whakaputa me te pāmahana mahi neke atu i te 1600°C.
Ngā Whare Hanga Rino me te Maitai:Whakamahia mō te kohikohi me te tuku para mai i ngā oumu kapu, ngā oumu whakapūngao auau-waenga me ngā oumu pupuhi.
Ngā Wāhi Tukatuka Konganuku Kore-whakarewa (Parahi, Konutea, Mata):Ko ngā koko para kore-whakarewa e aro ana ki te ahumahi kore-whakarewa he arai ā-pūmau hei ārai i te piri matū o ngā rauemi.
Ngā Whare Matū me ngā Whare Hangarua Para.
7. Ngā Painga o te Womic Steel i runga i ētahi atu Kaihanga
Neke atu i te 20 tau e hanga ana i ngā wāhanga whakarewa maitaimō ngā ahumahi maitai me te keri.
Hangarau whakatauira CAE matatau:Ka whakamanahia e mātou te kounga i mua i te hanga pokepokea ai.
Kounga maitai kua whakamanahia:Mā roto i ngā tukanga rewa EAF + Ladle Furnace (LF) + Vacuum Degassing (VD). Tīmata mai i te maitai para kounga teitei kua tīpakohia.
Whakamātautau kore-whakangaro katoa (NDT):UT (100%), MT (tirotiro matūriki aukume), PT (tirotiro uruhanga tae) me ngā pūrongo whakaahua.
Te whakaritenga tino pai me ngā wā tuku tere:35–50 ngā rā mai i te whakaaetanga tuhi hangarau.
Te kaha hanga rahi-rahi:Kotahi te wahi tae atu ki te 300 tana.
Ngā rahinga kaweake nui:Te tuku ki ngā tauranga ūnga mā roto i ngā momo kawe rerekē (ipu, whata papatahi, utanga kaupapa) i raro i te CIF, FOB, me ētahi atu.
Ngā tuhinga katoa:Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā pukapuka tiaki, ngā tuhi kua oti te hanga me tētahi kape matihiko (tiwhikete e ai ki te EN 10204 3.1/3.2).
8. Te Tākai me te Whakahaere i roto i te Kawenga o te Ao
8.1 Te tākai pūnu paru
Te Tiakitanga o te Mata:He hinu ārai-waikura kua pania ki ngā mata mīhini (ngā wāhanga o roto, ngā poroporo); ngā wāhanga iti kua takaihia ki ngā kiriata kirihou takitahi.
Ngā Āpiti Whakarewa me ngā Āpiti Koki:Ārai i ngā taha me ngā pūmau mai i te kino o te pānga.
Ngā Tautoko Rino / Ngā Poraka Rākau:Ka whakatakotoria te koko ki runga i ngā anga rino kua whakamaua ki ngā turanga rakau hei ārai i te nekeneke i te wā e utaina ana, e kawe ana rānei.
Paninga o Waho:Kua kapi katoa te hua ki te tāpaurin kirihou ārai-wai, me ngā putea whakamaroke kiripaka i roto.
Te Tohu:He mārama, he pūmau hoki ngā tohu tae atu ki te kaha, te taumaha katoa, te pokapū o te taumaha, ngā pūwāhi hiki me te tau ota a te kiritaki.
8.2 Ngā Kōwhiringa Tukunga
Ngā Ipu Moana 20GP / 40GP / 40HQ:He pai mō ngā taonga takitahi tae atu ki te 25-28 tana. Ko ngā hua kei raro iho i te 30 tana (ngā tauira tae atu ki te 35 tana) ka tākaihia ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau, ā, ka tukuna mā roto i ngā ipu kī tonu.
Whatanga Papatahi me ngā Ipu Tuwhera:He pai mō ngā utanga tae atu ki te 45 tana (ngā koko 30-50 tana), he mea whakamau pūmau ki ngā mekameka whakamau me ngā pūnaha raka.
Tukunga Pakaru me te Tukunga RORO:E whakamahia ana mō ngā utanga neke atu i te 20 tana. Ka tukuna ngā taonga taumaha me ngā taonga nunui mā roto i ngā kaipuke utanga whānui, ā, ka herea ki ngā kurupae hiki.
8.3 Ngā tuhinga tuku kei roto
Nama hokohoko
Rārangi Tākai
Tiwhikete takenga mai (Puka E, Puka CO rānei, kei te whenua e haere atu ana)
Te Mātauranga Tuku Moana
Ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau (EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2)
Pūrongo END (UT, MT, PT)
Ngā whakaahua o te tohu, ngā rahi me te takai whakamutunga
Tiwhikete inihua uta moana (inā tonoa)
9. Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
Q1: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te koko para me te koko ringihanga?
A: He mea hanga te koko para hei kawe me te riringi i te para rewa (silicate, raima, MgO, me ētahi atu). Ka whakamahia te koko ringihanga hei kawe tika i te maitai wai, ā, he mea whakakikorua ki ngā rauemi ātete ahi. He tohunga mātou ki ngā koko para me ngā kohua para.
Q2: E hia ngā huringa ratonga ka taea e ngā koko para Womic Steel te whakatutuki?
A: Ka eke te iti rawa o ngā koko para maitai waro paerewa ki te 5,000 huringa. Ka taea e ngā koko i hangaia ki te rauemi GS-20Mn5 me te maimoatanga wera tinei me te whakamahana ka neke atu i te 8,000 huringa ina whakamahia i roto i ngā wheketere me ngā kaupapa tiaki o ia rā tino pakari.
Q3: He aha te wā matapae paerewa mō ngā koko para taumaha?
A: 35-45 ngā rā i muri i te whakaū whakamutunga o ngā tuhi a te kiritaki. E hiahiatia ana ētahi atu rā 10 ki te 15 mō ngā tohu rauemi motuhake, ngā tiwhikete rānei. E whakaaetia ana ngā ota tere ina tonoa.
Q4: Ka taea e mātou te tirotiro i te papaanga i te wā e whakaputa ana?
Āe, e mihi ana mātou ki ngā tirotirohanga ā-papa e ngā umanga tuatoru o te ao tae atu ki a SGS, BV, TÜV, ABS, LR, DNV me ētahi atu, engari me whai whakaaetanga pakihi i mua.
Q5: E whakarato ana koe i te pūtāhui mō te hanganga kore-whakarewa?
Āe. Ka hangaia ā mātou koko para katoa māwhakarewatanga whakauru kotahi-wahikāore he hononga whakarewa. Ka ārai i ngā pūwāhi tīmatanga pakaru, koinei te take o te 70% o ngā pakaru wawe o ngā koko whakarewa tikanga.
Q6: He aha ngā tikanga utu e whakaaetia ana e koe?
A: Ka whakaaetia e mātou te whakawhiti waea T/T me te L/C tirohanga/whakamahinga. Kei te wātea ngā tikanga ngāwari me ngā mahere tāpui mō ngā ota nui.
Q7: He aha ngā tuhinga ka tukuna tahitia me te tuku?
A: Ka whiwhi koe i te Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Rauemi (MTC) e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritengaEN 10204 3.1, me3.2e wātea ana mō te utu tāpiri i mua i te wā.
Kei roto i ngā tuhinga katoa ko te pūrongo hanganga matū, te pūrongo āhuatanga miihini, te pūrongo maimoatanga wera, ngā tuhi kua oti te hanga, ngā pūrongo NDT katoa tae atu ki ngā raraunga whakamātautau matotoru ultrasonic, me ngā aratohu whakahaere me te tiaki haumaru katoa.
10. Hītori Kaweake me ngā Akoranga Take
Neke atu i te 500 ngā huinga koko para kua tukuna e Womic Steel ki ngā mira maitai, ki ngā whare whakarewa me ngā whare whakarewa puta noa i te 23 whenua. Kei raro nei ngā tohutoro kaupapa pono (kua tangohia ngā mōhiohio muna a te kiritaki):
Kaupapa 1 – Te Whare Hanga Rino Whakauru i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia (Initonīhia):
I tukuna e mātou he koko para kotahi-wahi, he kaha 85-tana. I hangaia kia rite ki ngā tawhā taputapu OEM taketake hei whakakapi i ngā koko momo whakarewa tuku iho. Whai muri i te 4,200 huringa ratonga, kua neke atu i te whakamahi ngā koko.28 maramakāore he pakaru, he hapa rānei.
Kaupapa 2 – Te Whare Hanga Rino Hiko i te Rohe o Balkan (Europa ki te Rawhiti):
I hiahiatia e te kiritaki he koko para konukōre-nikara-molibdenum e tika ana mō te mahi i te pāmahana tino iti iho i te 35°C. I whakamahia e mātou te maitai GS-20Mn5 e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa whakamātautau pānga Charpy, e whakarato ana i te tiwhikete EN 10204 3.2 me ngā pūrongo tirotiro NDT tukatuka-katoa. E toru ngā ota nui kua tukuna e tēnei kiritaki tae noa mai ki tēnei wā.
Kaupapa 3 – Mira Rino o Amerika me te Kaha Utaina o te Kereini:
I hiahiatia e te kiritaki he koko para māmā hei taurite i ngā herenga kawenga o te kerēni kei te papaanga. Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakaata CAE ngaio, i angitu mātou ki te tapahi i te taumaha katoa o te koko mā te18%, me te pupuri tonu me te whakapai ake i te mahi haumaru hanganga.
Whakapā atu ki te Kaihanga
Mena kei te hiahia koe i tētahi tahua kāore he herenga, he tohutohu hangarau rānei mō tō kaupapa hou, kaua e mangere ki te whakapiri mai ki a mātou.
Womic Steel – Tō Kaiwhakarato Pūnamu Parapara Pono i Haina
Paetukutuku: www.womicsteel.com
Īmēra: sales@womicsteel.com
Waea / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Wikitōria: +86 15575100681
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Ka hoahoa, ka hanga hoki a Womic Steel i ngā koko para ritenga e rite ana ki ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki. Ka tukuna tonutia e ā mātou tīma hangarau me ngā tīma hokohoko he kōrerorero ngaio whānui.
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