Rauemi Matua (Tautoko)
● SA-210 Gr.C / EN10216-2 (maitai waro – ratonga pūwero whānui)
● SA-213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903 – maitai koranu ātete ngokingoki)
Whakatakotoranga (whakatakotoranga CRA):
● TP304L (1.4306) – he kowiri tira austenitic mō te ātete whānui ki te waikura
● UNS N08028 (1.4563 / Koranu 28) – koranu Cr/Ni/Mo/Cu teitei mō ngā taiao waikawa me te hauota
● UNS N08825 (2.4858 / Incoloy 825) – he koranu e ahu mai ana i te nikara mō te hau kawa, H₂S/CO₂/hauora
Ara Tukanga:Whakapūtanga wera → whakaotinga matao → maimoatanga wera → whakapūkara. Tino kore hononga, kāore he hononga roa. Kaha kutikuti here whakarewa ≥300 MPa.
Whakamātautau me te Tiwhikete:Whakamātautau wai-pūmau 100%, whakamātautau ultrasonic i runga i te ASTM E213 me te ISO 10893-10. Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te ASME Wāhanga II Wāhanga A, EN12952-2 (tae atu ki te Wāhanga C). Tiwhikete mira EN 10204 Momo 3.1 (Momo 3.2 me te kaiwhakaatu tuatoru he kōwhiringa).
Ngā tono:Ngā pakitara wai kohua, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakamahana anō, ngā whakawhiti wera pēhanga teitei, ngā waeine whakaora wera para, ngā whakamahana wai whāngai kohua ratonga kawa, ngā taputapu whakawhiti wera o te whare whakapai.
Womic Steele tuku ana i ngā paipa whakakikoruatia korekore ka taea te whai i raro i ngā ture Pākehā me ASME. Kōwhiria tō huinga matua me te whakakikorua. Kei te wātea te tirotiro tuatoru me te whakamātautau kaiwhakaatu. Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ngā pepa raraunga hangarau me te utu tuku.
1. Tirohanga Whānui mō te Hua – Paipa Whakakikorua Kore-Tuitui i te Whakapūtanga Wera
He rerekē rawa te paipa whakakikoruatia ki te konganuku kore-whakarewa i te paipa kua whakakikoruatia ki te mīhini, i te paipa kua whakakikoruatia rānei. Ka honoa pūmau te uho me te whakakikoruatia e te horapa ngota i te wā werawera, ka hanga he hononga e kore e taea te wehe i raro i te huringa wera, te pēhanga, te piko rānei.
He aha i kore ai he hononga (kāore he hononga roa)?
Ko ngā hononga whakarewa roa he wāhi pea e rahua ai i roto i te mahi huringa pāmahana teitei, pēhanga teitei. Ka whakakorea rawatia tēnei mōrearea e te hanganga maeneene. Ka whakatikatikaina hoki e te tukanga whakaputa wera te hanganga o te kōhao, ka whakapai ake i te kaha ngoki me te ātete ki te ngenge.
He aha i whakamahia ai te whakaputa wera + te whakaotinga matao + te maimoatanga wera + te whakapūkara?
●Te whakaputanga wera:Ka tutuki te here whakarewa i te pēhanga me te pāmahana tino nui, ka whakaitihia te wāhanga whakawhiti mā te >8:1 – ka whakarite i te atanga oro.
● Whakaotinga makariri (tārai makariri / tārai):E whakarato ana i ngā āheinga OD me te matotoru o te pakitara, he tino pai te mutunga o te mata, ā, e whakanuia ana ngā āhuatanga miihini mā te whakapakeketanga mahi (ā, muri iho ka tika te maimoatanga wera).
● Te maimoatanga wera:Ka whakahoki mai i te ngāwari, ka whakamama i te ahotea, ā, ka whakawhanake i te hanganga moroiti e hiahiatia ana (hei tauira, te whakataurite + te whakamahana mō SA-210 Gr.C me T91; te whakamahana otinga mō ngā paparanga CRA).
● Te whakapūkara:Ka tango i te unahi waikura (magnetite, hematite) i mahue mai i te mahi wera me te maimoatanga wera. Ko te hua he mata ma, he mata koretake, kāore he unahi kua whakauruhia - he mea nui mō te roa o te wā o te poiha me te whakawhiti wera.
Mā te whakakotahitanga ka puta he ngongo e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari o te ASME Wāhanga I, EN12952, me te PED 2014/68/EU.
2. Ngā Huinga Rauemi – Matua + Whakakī
Kei raro nei ngā whakamārama mō ngā huinga e toru e tino tonoa ana mai i ngā kaupapa tipu hiko me ngā kaupapa matū hinu. E aro ana ia huinga ki tētahi huinga motuhake o ngā tikanga ratonga.
2.1 Huinga A: SA-210 Gr.C + TP304L (1.4306)
| Tawhā | Matua (Tautoko) | Whakatakotoranga (CRA) |
| Rauemi | SA-210 Gr.C / EN10216-2 | TP304L (1.4306) |
| Paerewa | ASME Wāhanga II Wāhanga A / EN10216-2 | ASME SA-213 / EN10088-3 |
| Te whakamahinga noa | Ngā pakitara wai kohua, ngā kaiwhakaora moni, ngā whakamahana pāmahana iti | Te parenga whānui ki te waikura waikawa ngawari, te wai whai hāora |
| Te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi | ~450°C | ~400°C (i roto i ngā mea waikura) |
| Te matotoru o te hipoki | – | 1.5 – 3.0 mm |
| Ngā Painga | He pai te whakarewa, he utu taurite, he whānui te wātea | Ka ārai te waro iti i te pāwera; he ātete pai ki te waikura me te waikura whānui |
Pai rawa atu mō:He ngongo pakitara wai poihau waro tikanga, e pa ana te mata o roto ki te wai/mamao kua rongoatia, ka horoia i ētahi wā ki te waikawa, ki te paru iti rānei.
2.2 Pahekotanga B: SA-213 T91 (1.4903) + UNS N08028 (Korohia 28 / 1.4563)
| Tawhā | Matua (Tautoko) | Whakatakotoranga (CRA) |
| Rauemi | SA-213 T91 Momo 1 (X10CrMoVNb9-1) | UNS N08028 (Koranu 28) |
| Paerewa | ASME Wāhanga II Wāhanga A / EN10216 2 | SB 668 / EN10088-3 |
| Te whakamahinga noa | Ngā whakamahana/whakamahana anō pāmahana teitei, ngā kohua wera para | Te hau haurehu waikawa (waikawa whanariki/waikawa phosphoric), te nui o te hauota |
| Te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi | 650°C (awhe ngokingoki) | 450°C (i roto i te mahi waikura) |
| Te matotoru o te hipoki | – | 2.0 – 3.5 mm |
| Ngā Painga | He kaha pakaru ngokingoki pai rawa atu, he ātete waikura | PREN 38-40; ātete ki te pakaru o te rua, te waikura kapiti, me te pakaru o te waikura ahotea i roto i ngā pūhaumāota |
Pai rawa atu mō:Ngā wāhanga whakamahana whakamutunga o ngā kohua tino whakararuraru, ngā kohua whakaora wera para i raro i ngā tipu waikawa whanariki, ngā kohua koiora me te hauota nui i roto i te hau paru.
2.3 Huinga C: SA-210 Gr.C + UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825 / 2.4858)
| Tawhā | Matua (Tautoko) | Whakatakotoranga (CRA) |
| Rauemi | SA-210 Gr.C / EN10216-2 | UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) |
| Paerewa | ASME Wāhanga II Wāhanga A / EN10216 2 | SB 163 / VdTUV 432 |
| Te whakamahinga noa | Ngā whakamahana wai whāngai kohua, ngā whakawhiti wera o te whare whakapai | Ratonga kawa (H₂S + CO₂ + pūhaumāota), whakaiti waikawa |
| Te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi | ~450°C | ~450°C (i roto i te ratonga kawa) |
| Te matotoru o te hipoki | – | 2.0 – 3.5 mm |
| Ngā Painga | He utu iti te matua, he pakari pai | E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga a te NACE MR0175; ātete ki te SSC, HIC, me te waikura whānui i roto i te H₂S mākū |
Pai rawa atu mō:Ngā whakamahana wai whāngai i roto i ngā tipu tukatuka hau, ngā whakawhiti wera e whakahaere ana i te wai kua whakaputaina, i ngā otinga amine rānei, i ngā ratonga katoa e hiahia ana kia tino pono ki te waikura kawa.
3. Tukanga Hanga – Mai i te Pire ki te Ngongo Pīkara
He tino whakahaeretia te ara whakaputa kia mau ai te pono me te whai i te hononga.
| Atamira | Te mahi | Ngā Tawhā Matua | Tirotiro |
| 1 | Huihuinga pereki whakakotahi | Kua pokaia te matua, kua whakauruhia te arai CRA, kua hiritia te korehau (≤10 Pa) | Tirohanga, āhuahanga |
| 2 | Te whakaputanga wera | 1150-1250°C, ōwehenga whakaiti ≥8:1, tere whakahaeretia | Te tuhi pāmahana, te tirohanga o te mata kua peia |
| 3 | Whakaotinga makariri | Te kume makariri, te hikoi rānei (ngā haerenga maha me te whakamahana waenga) | Te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga i ia haerenga |
| 4 | Te maimoatanga wera | Te whakataurite + te whakamahana mō te matua; te whakamahana otinga mō te CRA (i runga i te momo) | Te tūtohi pāmahana-wā kua tuhia, te whakamātautau pakeke |
| 5 | Te pīkara | Te rumaki ki roto i te kaukau HNO₃+HF, ā, muri iho ka horoia ki te wai | Te tirohanga mata, te whakamātautau mākū, te whakaū kore tauine |
| 6 | Te whakatikatika me te tapahi | Te whakatikatika tika, te tapahi kia rite ki te roa kua whakaritea | Tirotiro tika mā te rēseri (≤1.5mm/m) |
| 7 | NDT me te whakamātautau wai | Mō ia Wāhanga 4 | Ngā pūrongo i tukuna |
| 8 | Whakamutua te whakaoti me te tākai | Ngā pito piko (mēnā kua tohua), te hinu, ngā taupoki kirihou | Rārangi tirohanga, rārangi takai |
4. Kaupapa Tirotiro me te Whakamātautau – Te Whakatutuki i ngā Paerewa ASME me EN
Ka whakamatautauria ngā paipa whakakikoruatia katoa ki ngā mea e whai ake nei, e ai ki ngā paerewa kua tohua e te kiritaki: ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10, EN12952-2 (tae atu ki te wāhanga C), me ASME SA-450.
| Whakamātautau | Paerewa | Whānuitanga | Whakaae |
| Whakamātautau Ultrasonic 100% (ngā hapa roa) | ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10 | Te roa o te ngongo katoa, te tikanga rumaki aunoa, te tikanga whakapā rānei | Kāore he haruru hapa e nui ake ana i te taumata tohutoro; kua whakakahoretia ngā hapa rārangi > te roa e whakaaetia ana |
| Whakamātautau waipū | ASME SA-450 / EN12952-2 | Ia ngongo, te pēhanga ≥ 1.5× te pēhanga hoahoa, pupuri ≥10s | Kāore he turuturu, he whānui tonu i roto i te rohe |
| Whakamātautau kume (rauemi matua) | SA-210 / SA-213 / EN10216-2 | Mō ia wera/puranga | Ka tutuki te hua, te kume, te toronga i ngā whakaritenga |
| Whakamātautau whakapapatahi | ASME SA-450 | Kotahi mō ia wera/rahi | Kāore he pakaru kia tae rā anō ki te 2/3 OD te tawhiti o ngā pereti (e ai ki te paerewa rānei) |
| Whakamātautau mārō | EN12952-2 C | Matua me te whakakikorua (he kōwhiringa mō te rohe here) | Matua ≤ whakatakotoranga, whakakikorua ≤ whakatakotoranga |
| Tirohanga me te āhua | SA-450 / EN12952-2 | 100% | OD, matotoru o te pakitara, roa, mutunga o te mata, āhua o te piko |
Ngā whakamātautau tāpiritanga mēnā ka tonoa:
● Te kaha kutikuti here (whakamātautau pana-waho) mō ia API 5LD
● Te waikura ā-pūmua (ASTM A262 Mahi E mō te whakakikorua austenitic)
● Pānga Charpy (matua i te pāmahana kua tohua)
● NACE TM0177 / TM0284 mō te ratonga kawa (i runga i ngā paipa Incoloy 825)
● Te tautuhi rauemi pai (PMI) o te whakakikorua mā te XRF
Ngā Tiwhikete:EN 10204 Momo 3.1 (paerewa). Momo 3.2 me te kaiwhakaatu tuatoru (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, LR) e wātea ana mō te utu tāpiri.
5. Awhe Ahu me ngā Ātete
Ko te paipa whakakikoruatia ki te whakarewa kore-whakarewa mā te whakaputanga wera me te whakaotinga matao e wātea ana i roto i:
| Tawhā | Awhe / Manawanui |
| Diameter o waho (OD) | 25 mm – 168 mm (1″ – 6″). Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā diameter nui ake mā te tukanga rerekē (hei tauira, he hononga rōra wera me te whakarewa) – whakapā mai mō ētahi atu kōrero. |
| Te matotoru o te pakitara matua | 3 mm – 15 mm (e whakawhirinaki ana ki te OD me te whakatauranga pēhanga) |
| Te matotoru o te hipoki | 1.5 mm – 3.5 mm (iti rawa 1.5 mm mō te hononga pono) |
| Roa | 6 m – 15 m te takitahi; roa ake mēnā he tono motuhake |
| Te manawanui OD | ±0.5 mm mō te OD <100mm; ±0.75% mō te OD ≥100mm |
| Te manawanui matotoru o te pakitara | ±10% (uho anake; ine motuhaketia te uhi) |
| Te tika | ≤1.5 mm ia mita |
Ka taea te kōrero mō ngā rahinga ritenga.
6. Ngā Taipitopito o Ngā Taupānga
6.1 Ngā Pakitara Wai Pūwero me ngā Kaiwhakaora (Whakakotahitanga A – SA-210+304L)
●Mahi:Ka mimiti te wai i te wera mai i te hau paru. Tērā pea ka kitea he waikura i te mata o roto mai i te wai whāngai, i te horoinga waikawa rānei i ētahi wā. Ka ātete te paninga 304L ki ngā pikinga pH iti, ā, ka ārai i te pirau.
● Painga ki te maitai waro tahanga:Ka whakakorea te hiahia mō te inenga matū, ka whakaitihia rānei te āheinga waikura, ka angiangi ake ngā pakitara me te mama ake te hanganga.
6.2 Ngā Whakamahana Nui me ngā Whakamahana Anō (Whakakotahitanga B – T91+Arotahi 28)
● Te Wero:Ka puta te waikura pāmahana teitei i te taha o te mamaoa, me te hau paru o waho kei roto te whanariki me te pūhaumāota. Ka whakarato te T91 i te kaha ngoki; Ka ātete te koranu 28 i te waikura o te hau paru i te wā e tīmata ana/whakaweto ana.
● Ngā painga o te mara:Ka roa ake te ora o ngā ngongo i waenga i ngā motuhanga, ka iti ake te mōrearea o te aukati i te waikura taha mamaoa.
6.3 Ngā Whakamahana Wai Whāngai Ratonga Kawa (Whakakotahitanga C – SA-210+Incoloy 825)
Taiao:He nui ngā pūhaumāota H₂S, CO₂, i te taha wai/korohū. Ka pakaru te maitai waro i roto i ngā marama i te pakaru o te ahotea whanariki. Ka whakaratohia e te ngongo Incoloy 825 he mahi ratonga kawa tino pono me te penapena utu nui ki te whakataurite ki te 825 totoka.
6.4 Ngā Whakawhiti Wera Pēhanga Teitei (ngā huinga katoa)
Ngā whakawhiti wera anga me te ngongoina he waikura te wai o te taha ngongo engari kāore te taha anga. Mā ngā ngongo kua whakakikoruatia ka taea te whakamahi i te rau ngongo maitai waro (me te arai CRA) me te whakakikorua katoa i te roto o te ngongo.6.5 Te Whakaora i te Wera Para (ina koa ko ngā tipu waikawa whanariki)
Te taha hau wera:tae atu ki te 600°C; T91 o waho (SA-210 rānei me te whakamatao e tika ana). Ko ngā hononga o roto o te mata he waimeha waikawa - ka ātete te koranu 28, 304L rānei ki te whakaeke. Ka ārai te hoahoa maeneene i te turuturu mā roto i ngā whakarewanga roa, ka kino rawa atu i te mahi waikawa.
Āhua o te Mata – Kua Whakatōkia, Kua Whakakorehia
Ko te tikanga tuku paerewa mō ngā huinga e toru kokua whakapūkaratia, kua whakakāhoretia.
●Te pīkara:Ka tango i te unahi wera (ngā waikura rino) i hangaia i te wā o te whakaputanga wera me te maimoatanga wera. Ka whakarewahia te unahi e te kaukau waikawa (HNO₃ + HF) me te kore e tino pā ki te konganuku turanga.
● Te Whakakorenga:I muri i te whakapūkara, ka puta noa mai he kiriata angiangi waikura whai kiko i te chromium ki runga i ngā mata o te maitai kore waikura me te nikara, e whakarei ake ana i te ātete ki te waikura.
● Painga:Kua rite mō te tāutanga – kāore he hiahia mō te horoi tāpiri, te pupuhi rānei. He pai mō te wai parakore me ngā ratonga matū tairongo.
● Ngā maimoatanga mata whiriwhiri:Te whakahinuhinu hei ārai i te waikura mō te wā poto (ki te matua maitai waro e kitea ana i ngā pito) – tohua mēnā e tika ana.
● Mena e hiahiatia ana he momo āhua rerekē (hei tauira, te whakakanapa, te pupuhi pupuhi, te kore e tāpirihia he pīkara), tena koa tonoa mai i te wā e tono ana.
8. Ngā Tuhinga Kounga me te Aroturukitanga
Kei roto i ia uta he kōnae kounga whānui:
● Tiwhikete Momo 3.1 EN 10204(tātari matū o te matua me te whakakikorua, ngā hua kume o te matua, te whakaū i te whakamātautau waipū, te whakarāpopototanga o te pūrongo UT)
●Pūrongo tirotiro ā-ahu(OD, WT, roa i tuhia mō ia paihere)
●Ngā rangitaki katoa mō te whakamātautau ultrasonic(he whakarāpopototanga rānei me te tauākī whakaae)
●Ngā tūtohi maimoatanga wera(ngā ānau wā-pāmahana) mō te puranga
●Te rekoata tukanga pīkara(ngā kukū waikawa, te pāmahana, te roanga)
●Rārangi tākai me te nama hokohoko
●Kōwhiringa:Tiwhikete EN 10204 Momo 3.2 me te kaiwhakaatu tuatoru (utu tāpiri)
E hono ana ngā tuhinga katoa ki ngā tau wera kua tāia ki ia ngongo (tā mate ahotea-iti i runga i te ASME SA-450).
9. Tukunga me te Whakahaere Rautaki
●Tākai paerewa:He taupoki pito kirihou, he paihere maitai me ngā āputa rakau (mō ngā OD iti) he whāriki takitahi rānei (mō ngā OD nui). He uhi ārai wai mō ngā utanga moana.
●Ngā tikanga tuku:FOB Shanghai/Tianjin (te nuinga), CFR, CIF ki tētahi tauranga nui. Ka whakarite mātou i ngā ipu, i ngā ipu pakaru rānei.
●Te wā ārahi (whakatau tata):
● Whakakotahitanga A (SA-210+304L):12-14 wiki mai i te whakaū ota (kei te rahinga rauemi)
● Huinga B (T91+Arotahi 28):16-20 wiki (te hoko koranu motuhake)
● Whakakotahitanga C (SA-210+Incoloy 825):16-20 wiki (pūtake Incoloy 825)
Ka taea te whakaiti i te wā arahi mō ngā ota whakahoki.
●Te rahinga iti rawa o te ota:Kāore he MOQ tino pakari mō ngā rahinga whakamātautau (hei tauira, 100-200 mita). Whakapā mai mō ngā utu mō ngā puranga iti.
10. Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ) – Hangarau me te Arumoni
P1: He aha i tohua ai te paipa whakakikoruatia tuturu hei utu mō te paipa whakakikoruatia whakarewa?
A: He paipa whakakikoruatia tui korekāore he hononga whakarewa roai roto i te uho, i te whakakikorua rānei. Mā tēnei ka kore e taea te pakaru i raro i te ngenge wera, te ratonga hauwai, te pēhanga teitei rānei. Ka ārai hoki i te mōrearea o te pakaru o te whakarewa, te kore rānei o te hanumi ka tīmata ai te waikura. Mō ngā ngongo poiha me ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture tino kaha (ASME Wāhanga I, EN12952), he mea nui te hononga-kore.
Q2: Ka taea e koe te whakarato i te paipa whakakikoruatia me te CRA ki waho, kaua ki roto?
Āe. Ka taea te huri i te tukanga whakaputa: whakanohoia te CRA ki te OD me te maitai waro/koranu ki te ID. Tena koa tohua mai i te wā e pātai ana.
Q3: He aha te kaha o te here o te whakakikorua?
A: Ko te kaha kutikuti i inehia mai i ngā whakamātautau pana-waho he ≥300 MPa. He nui ake tēnei i ngā whakaritenga o te API 5LD, o tētahi atu paerewa rānei kua whakaaetia. Mō te ngongo kua whakakikoruatia ki te extrusion, e kiia ana te atanga he mea kore e taea te wehe i raro i ngā kawenga ratonga noa.
Q4: Ka whakahaerehia e koe te whakamātautau ultrasonic ki te ASTM E213, ki te ISO 10893-10 rānei?
A: Kei a mātou ngā taputapu hei whakamātautau i ngā paerewa e rua. Ko te tikanga ka tukuna e mātou te ISO 10893-10 mō ngā ota e tukuna ana ki Ūropi me te ASTM E213 mō te hanganga ture ASME. Tena koa whakahuatia mai tō hiahia; ka taea hoki e mātou te whakahaere i tētahi whakamātautau whakakotahi.
P5: Ā, me pēhea te EN12952-2 wāhanga C – e tutuki ana i tāu maimoatanga wera me te whakamātautau ngā whakaritenga?
Āe. Ka whakahaeretia, ka tuhia hoki ā mātou huringa whakataurite me te whakamahana kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga a te EN12952-2 C. Ko te auau o ngā whakamātautau ā-ringa, te whakatārewatanga, me te whakamātautau waipū e tutuki ana, e hipa ana rānei i te paerewa. Ka taea e mātou te whakarato i tētahi matihiko tutuki.
P6: He pai te mata whakapūkara mō te ratonga hāora / hauwai / mamaoa ma?
A: Ka tangohia e te whakapūkara ngā waikura engari ka waiho pea he tohu waikawa, he makuku rānei. Mō ngā tono parakore teitei, ka tūtohu mātou i ētahi atute tango hinu me te whakakorenga(kāore i roto i te pīkara paerewa). Tena koa tohua mai tēnei whakaritenga.
Q7: Me pēhea taku tohu i ngā ine tika mō ia huinga?
A: Whakarato:
● Te whānui o waho (OD) o te ngongo kua oti
● Te matotoru o te pakitara matua (te maitai tautoko)
● Te matotoru o te taupoki (CRA)
● Te roa kotahi (hei tauira, 6m, 12m) me te roa katoa (m) mō ia huinga
Q8: Ka taea e koe te tuku i ēnei ngongo whakakikoruatia i roto i te whirihoranga U-piko?
Āe, ka taea e mātou te whakapiko i te ngongo kua oti te whakatō (whakapiko matao ki te mandrel) ā, muri iho ka whakamahana i te ahotea me te 100% NDT o te wāhanga kua whakatōkia. Tena koa tonoa he utu motuhake mō ngā piko-U.
P9: He aha ngā kōwhiringa tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru e wātea ana?
A: He mahi tahi tonu tā mātou me SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, me LR. Ka taea e te kaitirotiro te mātakitaki i ngā whakamātautau katoa, i ngā whakamātautau kua tohua rānei (wai, UT, kume, ā-ahu). Kātahi ka tukuna e mātou ngā tiwhikete EN 10204 Momo 3.2.
Q10: Kei te pupuri koutou i ēnei paipa kua whakakikoruatia?
A: I te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia e mātou kia rite ki te tono. Heoi, ko ngā taonga paerewa pēnei i te SA-210+304L i roto i ngā diameter rongonui (hei tauira, 63.5×4.88×1.65mm, roa 6m) tera pea e wātea ana mai i tētahi puranga o mua – tēnā pātai mai.
Q11: He aha te whakataurite i te utu me te ngongo koranu totoka teitei?
A: Mō te whakatauranga pēhanga ōrite, ko te utu mō te ngongo whakakikoruatia (hei tauira, T91+Alloy 28) he tikanga noa iho40-50% te iti ihoi te ngongo totoka Alloy 28 he rite te matotoru o te OD me te pakitara. Mō te SA-210+Incoloy 825, ka taea te penapena 50-60% ki te whakaritea ki te totoka 825. Ko te ōhanga tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te matotoru o te uhi me te rauemi matua.
P12: He wheako tōu ki te tiwhikete VdTUV (hei tauira, mō Incoloy 825 mō ia VdTUV 432)?
Āe. Kua tukuna e mātou ngā paipa kua whakakikoruatia ki ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu Tiamana e hiahia ana kia whakaaetia e VdTUV. Ka taea e mātou te utu i tētahi kairūri whai mana mō te whakaae rauemi VdTUV me te whakarato i ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana.
Q13: Me pēhea te whakaoti i ngā pito o te ngongo?
A: Paerewa: tapawhā papatahi, he mea tango i te kōhao. He kōwhiringa: he mea piko (30-35°), he mea miro (mō ngā hononga mīhini), he mea kōhao rānei. Ka taea te whakarato i ngā pito piko meTe pata CRA(he paparanga o te konganuku whakarewa rite ki te mata o te kōhatu) hei ārai i te waimeha i te wā e whakarewahia ana i te mara. Tena koa tohua mai.
Q14: He aha te matotoru iti rawa o te whakakikorua mō tētahi hononga whakaputa pono?
A: Ko te 1.5 mm te iti rawa mō te paipa whakakikoruatia korekore. Mō te matotoru o te whakakikoruatanga i raro i te 1.5 mm, ka heke te pono o te hononga; ka tūtohu mātou kia whakamahia he paipa whakakikoruatia hei utu. Mō te nuinga o ngā whakaaetanga waikura, ko te 2.0 2.5 mm te mea noa.
Q15: He rohe roa mōrahi kei reira mō ngā paipa whakakikoruatia?
A: Ka whakawhāitihia e ngā āheinga pēhi whakaputa te roa kotahi ki te 15 m pea mō ngā diameter kei raro iho i te 100 mm. Mō ngā diameter nui ake, ka poto ake te roa mōrahi (12 m). Mena e hiahiatia ana he roa ake (hei tauira, mō te huri), ka taea e tātou te tirotiro i te whaihua o te kukume makariri i ngā wahi roa mai i ngā ngongo whaea kua whakaputa.
11. Whakapā atu ki a Womic Steel mō tētahi Whakataunga Hangarau
Mō ngā pātai mō ngā paipa whakakikoruatia ki te whakarewa – he mea whakaputa wera, he mea whakaoti matao, he mea whakamahana, he mea whakapūkara – tukua mai he rārangi o ngā huinga e hiahiatia ana (matua + whakakikorua, ngā rahinga, te rahinga, te roa, te taumata tiwhikete). Ka whakautu mātou me te tuku taipitopito hangarau, te wā tuku, me te utu.
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