1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He maha ngā raina whakaputa LSAW a Womic Steel Group e kapi ana i ngā tikanga hanga matua e toru me ngā āheinga pakitara taumaha motuhake:
● Raina JCOE:Mō ngā diameter 406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 50.8mm. Te hanga JCO taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa me te whakawhānui miihini. He tino whai hua, he porowhita pai. He pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono raina matua o uta.
●Raina UOE:Mō ngā diameter 508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 40mm. Ka hangaia he U, kātahi ka hangaia he O me te whakawhānui waipēhi. Ko te tika o ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu (±0.2% OD), he pai ake mō ngā paipa wai hohonu me ngā paipa ratonga waikura.
●Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi):Mō ngā diameter 600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 25mm ki te 70mm. Kotahi te pereti i hurihia ki roto i te rango me te kotahi te whakarewanga roa. He pai mō te matotoru o te pakitara nui atu i te kaha JCOE/UOE.
●Pereti Hurihuri (Tuitui Takirua):Mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 50.8mm ki te 80mm, e rua ngā pereti i whakapirihia kia roa. He mea whakamahi noa mō ngā paipa manifold pēhanga teitei me ngā tono arctic e hiahia ana kia tino pakari.
Neke atu i te 300,000 tāne te kaha katoa o te LSAW i ia tau, ā, neke atu i te 120,000 tāne te hanga motuhake o te X52 i ia tau. Kei a Womic Steel te API 5L Monogram (Raihana #API-5L-XXXX), ISO 9001, CE PED, ā, e arotakehia ana e ABS, DNV, TÜV, me BV. He rekoata o te ao i roto i te 80+ whenua me te neke atu i te 3,000 km o ngā paipa X52 e tukuna ana.
Ngāwari o te Whakaputa:
●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m
●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m (ka whakapai ake te whānui ā-ringa i te porowhita)
●Pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WT × ≤ 12m (te taumaha tae atu ki te 25 tana mō ia hononga)
●Pereti hurihuri (tuitui takirua): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm WT × ≤ 12m
Ka taea te tuku PWHT (maimoatanga wera muri-whakarewa) ki ngā paipa katoa mō te pakitara matotoru, mō te mahi kawa rānei. E wātea ana ngā whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti tae atu ki te -60°C mō ngā kaupapa Arctic.
2. API 5L X52: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te API 5L X52 tētahi o ngā momo paipa raina kua tino tohua whānuitia mō te tuku hinu me te hau pēhanga waenga-ki-teitei puta noa i te ao. Me te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 360 MPa (52,200 psi) me te kaha kume o te 460 MPa (66,700 psi), ka tukuna e te X52 te kaha tata ki te 47% teitei ake i te GR.B, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te matotoru o te pakitara o te 25-30% mō te whakatauranga pēhanga ōrite. Ko te tohu "X" e tohu ana i te paipa raina kaha-teitei, ā, ko te "52" e tohu ana i te kaha whakaputa iti rawa i roto i te ksi.
Hanganga Matū (Tātaritanga Koro, % mōrahi mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | API 5L X52 PSL1 (mōrahi %) | API 5L X52 PSL2 (mōrahi %) |
| C | 0.24 | 0.22 |
| Mn | 1.40 | 1.40 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Ko te PSL2 e hiahia ana ki te waro ōrite (CEV) ≤ 0.43% hei whakapai ake i te kaha whakarewa i ngā āhuatanga o te mara. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te microalloying me te Nb, V, Ti ka whakarato i te whakatikatika i te witi me te whakapakari i te ua.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma):
| Taonga | API 5L X52 PSL1 | API 5L X52 PSL2 |
| Kaha Hua (min) | 360 MPa (52,200 psi) | 360–530 MPa |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 460 MPa (66,700 psi) | 460–760 MPa |
| Te roa (min) | 21% (mō te ine 50mm) | 21% |
| Te pakeketanga (mōrahi) | Kāore i tohua | 90 HRB |
| Te Pakari o te Pānga (min) | Kāore e hiahiatia | 27 J @ 0°C (whiringa -20°C, -40°C, -60°C) |
Te whakataurite ki a GR.B me X65:
| Tau | MPa Hua | MPa kume | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| GR.B | 245 | 415 | Te tohatoha wai/hau paerewa |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | Ngā paipa matua pēhanga teitei, kei uta/kei waho |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | Te pēhanga tino teitei, te wai hohonu, te ātiki |
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (iso 3183 L360 ano hoki) |
| Ngā Tukanga Hanga | JCOE, UOE, pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi/takirua) |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | JCOE/UOE: 5.0mm – 50.8mm; Pereti hurihuri: 25mm – 70mm (tae atu ki te 80mm te rahi e hiahiatia ana) |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m, 12m, 18m; Whakaroa: tae atu ki te 24m (JCOE/UOE) 12m rānei (taiepa taumaha pereti hurihuri) |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE), Pito Whakapiko (BE) mō ia API 5L (piko 30°, mata pakiaka 1.6mm te tikanga) |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga, Hinuhia, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Epoxy Tā Waro, Epoxy Wai |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±0.5% ±3.2mm rānei (ko te mea iti iho); Taumaha: -0% / +15%; Roa: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana – Paipa Rino API 5L X52 LSAW (Ngā Rahi Noa kua Tīpakohia)
| Ō (mm) | Ngā Kōwhiringa Taumaha (mm) | Tukanga | Taumaha Tata (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Te tohatoha hau |
| 324 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | JCOE | 50.2 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Te kohikohinga hau |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 153.9 | 12m / 18m | Ngā raina hinu mata |
| 508 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | UOE | 98.6 – 229.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Ngā raina pūngao hau |
| 610 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | UOE | 148.0 – 319.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Hau pēhanga teitei |
| 711 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | JCOE/UOE | 172.9 – 429.4 | 12m / 18m | Ngā raina pūtu hinu |
| 813 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0 | JCOE | 246.7 – 579.8 | 12m / 18m | Hau whakawhiti whenua |
| 914 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0 | JCOE | 310.8 – 759.2 | 12m / 18m | Ngā raina matua |
| 1,016 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | JCOE/Rokiroki | 394.6 – 963.9 | 12m | Hau nui-rahi |
| 1,220 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | Hurihia (takitahi) | 563.0 – 1,304.2 | 12m | Ngā paipa moana |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Hurihia (takitahi) | 875.1 – 1,692.5 | 12m | Ngā ara wai hōhonu |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Pōkairua (takirua) | 1,162 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Te pēhanga teitei/te ātiki |
*Me whakamahi te PWHT mō ngā paipa pakitara taumaha (≥ 32mm) hei whakaiti i ngā ahotea toenga me te whakatutuki i ngā rohe pakeke mō te mahi kawa. Ko te pakitara matotoru X52 e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te werohanga wai pēhanga teitei i te 25-35 MPa.*
5. Ngā Paerewa me ngā Taumata Noa – Paipa Raina LSAW me te Paipa Hanganga
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino | Te Whakamahinga Noa | Tukanga Hanga |
| API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X52, X60, X65, X70 | Te tuku hinu/hau | JCOE/UOE/Rōia |
| API 5L PSL2 (kawa) | X52, X65 | Ratonga kawa (H₂S) | UOE + PWHT |
| ASTM A53 | GR.B | Ngā paipa pēhanga iti | JCOE |
| ASTM A106 | GR.B/C | Te pāmahana teitei | JCOE/Rokiroki |
| EN 10217-1 | S235JR, S275JR | Ngā ngongo pēhanga | JCOE |
| EN 10219 | S355JRH, S355J2H | Ngā wāhanga hanganga | JCOE/Rokiroki |
| DNV-OS-F101 | L360 (X52) | Ngā paipa raro moana | UOE |
| BS 7191 | L360 (X52) | Hanganga taiwhenua | UOE/Rōia |
| NORSOK M-120 | X52 | Ngā paipa papaaho moana | UOE |
Whakarāpopototanga whakamahinga:Ngā paipa hinu/hau tawhiti, te tuku hau pēhanga teitei, ngā paipa tai moana, te ratonga waikura, te weronga wai, ngā paipa ātiki, ngā paipa teihana kōpeke, te whakatū pou hanganga mō ngā papaaho tai moana.
6. Ngā Tukanga Hanga – LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Pereti Hurihia) mō te Paipa Rino X52
Ka whiriwhiria e Womic Steel te tukanga tika i runga i te whānui, te matotoru o te pakitara, me ngā whakaritenga āhuatanga miihini. Kei roto i ngā tukanga katoa te mana whakahaere wera tino kaha hei pupuri i ngā āhuatanga microalloyed o X52.
Tukanga JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WT):
● Mira tapa pereti (X, J rānei) me te tino tika ±0.5mm
● Te piko-mua (te whakapiko) o ngā taha ki te 1.5x te whānui o te matotoru o te pereti
● Te hanga āhua-J (pēhi poka) – te hautoru tuatahi o te porowhita
● Te hanga āhua-C (he raupapa o ngā mata) – te hautoru tuarua o te porowhita
● Te hanga āhua-O (te rango whakamutunga) – te kati i te hononga
● Te whakapiripiri i ngā hononga (ngā hononga ira i ia 300mm i te taha o te hononga)
● Waehere o roto (waea kotahi, waea maha rānei, ka whakahaeretia te whakauru wera ki te ≤ 3.5 kJ/mm)
● Te keri whakamuri (te pewa waro hau, te huri rānei) kia uru katoa ai
● KIWI O Waho (maha-haerenga mō ngā pakitara matotoru, aroturukitia te urunga wera)
● Te whānui ā-pūkaha (1–1.5% te pikinga o te OD, te whakapai ake i te porowhita ki te ±0.3%)
● He pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono raina matua o uta
Tukanga UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):
● Ka hangaia e te pēhi-U te pereti kia rite ki te āhua-U (2000-4000 tana te kaha)
● Ka kati te O-press ki te āhua porotaka (3000-6000 tana te kaha)
● Kaiwhakawhānui (ā-mīhini) ki te diameter me te porowhita whakamutunga (48-72 ngā wāhanga whakawhānui)
● He rite te whakarewa ki te JCOE engari he nui ake te kaha whakaputa (1 paipa ia 3-4 meneti)
● He pai ake mō ngā paipa wai hohonu me te ratonga kawa nā te mea he porowhita pai ake (±0.2% OD) me te iti o te ahotea toenga
● Ko te iti o te porowhita e whakarite ana i te tāutanga pono o te here here
Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi) mō te Pakitara Taumaha (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WT):
● Ka hurihia te pereti maitai kotahi ki roto i te rango mā te whakamahi i te mīhini piko 4-rōra
● Te takahurihuri i te taahiraa i te taahiraa: i mua i te takahurihuri, te takahurihuri mata, te takahurihuri whakaoti (15-20 ngā takahurihuri i te nuinga o te wā)
● He hononga whakaroa i whakapirihia ki te SAW (iti rawa kia 3 ngā haerenga: pakiaka, whakakī, taupoki)
● Kāore he whānui ā-mīhini (ka tutuki te porowhita mā te tika hurihuri, ±0.5%) noa
● He pai mō ngā paipa pakitara matotoru ina iti te kaha o ngā taputapu JCOE/UOE
● Me whakamahi te PWHT (whakaiti ahotea) mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 32mm kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga mārō
Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Takirua) mō te Pakitara Tino Taumaha / Diameter Tino Nui (1,000–2,000mm OD, 25–80mm WT):
● E rua ngā pereti i hurihia kia rite ki ngā haurua-puoto, ā, i whakapirihia ki ngā hononga roa e rua
● E whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa manifold pēhanga teitei, ngā penstock, me ngā paipa arctic
● Kua tirotirohia ngā whakarewa katoa i te 100% UT me te RT
● Me whai PWHT mō ngā hononga roa e rua
Maimoatanga Wera i Muri i te Whakarewa (PWHT):Mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 32mm, mō te ratonga kawa rānei (H₂S), ka whakaratohia e Womic te maimoatanga wera whakaiti ahotea i roto i te oumu raro-waka (tae atu ki te 12m te roa) mā te whakamahi rānei i te whakamahana arataki ā-rohe mō ngā paipa roa ake. Ko te pāmahana rumaki 580-620°C mō te 1 hāora mō ia matotoru 25mm. Ko te pakeke i muri i te PWHT ka whakahaeretia ki te ≤ 90 HRB (≤ 248 HV10 rānei). Mō te ratonga kawa, ko te whāinga noa ko ≤ 85 HRB hei tāpiri i te taha haumaru.
Āheinga Pāmahana-Iti:Mō ngā kaupapa ā-arctic, ka taea e Womic te tuku i te X52 me te whakamātautau pānga Charpy i te -46°C (iti rawa 27J, 80-120J noa) me te DWTT (Whakamātautau Roimata Taumaha Taka) me te horahanga kutikuti ≥ 85% i te -20°C.
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō te Paipa Rino API 5L X52 LSAW
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa | Tukanga e tika ana |
| Pereti | Tātari Matū (OES) | Manatokohia ngā rohe hanganga X52 | Katoa |
| Pereti | Ultrasonic (Tirotiro Whakakikorua) | Kitea ngā hapa o roto | Katoa |
| Pereti | Kukume / Piko | Manatoko ā-mīhini | Katoa |
| Pereti | Te ine i te rahi o te witi (ASTM E112) | Whakapūmau i te hanganga microalloyed | X52 PSL2 |
| I te wā e hangaia ana | Ahu (diameter, porotītaha) | Kia ōrite te āhua | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | 100% UT Aunoa (PAUT rānei me TOFD) | Kitea te korenga o te hanumi, te para, te porosity | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | RT (tūnga 10-100% i runga i ngā whakaritenga) | Manatoko kounga whakarewa | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | MPI (ngā matimati me te HAZ) | Ngā kapiti o te mata | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | Te whakawhiti mārō (whakarewa, HAZ, BM) | Manatoko ratonga kawa | PSL2 / kawa |
| Paipa kua oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau (mō ia API 5L) | Te pono o te pēhanga (85-100% SMYS) | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Te pakari o te pāmahana iti | PSL2 anake |
| Paipa kua oti | Te pakeketanga (HRB/HV10) – 3 ngā tohu | Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ratonga kino | PSL2 / kawa |
| Paipa kua oti | Piko Arataki / Whakapapatahi | Ngāwari | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | Tirohanga me te tohu | Āhua o te mata, te āheinga ki te whai | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | DWTT (whiringa kore) | Te whakahaere i te horapa o te whati | Ātiki/kawa |
Kōwhiringa mō te ratonga nui:
● HIC mō ia NACE TM0284 (Otinga A, B rānei, 96h) – mō te ratonga kawa
● SSC mō NACE TM0177 (Tikanga A, 720h) – mō te taiao H₂S
● Pānga pāmahana iti i te -20°C, -40°C, -46°C, -60°C rānei
● DWTT i te -20°C, iti iho rānei, mō te hoahoa aukati whati
● Te mahere pakeke whakawhiti-wāhanga katoa (raina pokapū whakarewa, HAZ, whakarewa turanga)
● Te pihi whakawhiti CVN (Charpy) mai i te -60°C ki te +20°C
Whakamātautau CTOD (Te Nekehanga Whakatuwheratanga Tipi Pakaru) mō ngā pū whakaara tai
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua – Paipa Rino API 5L X52 LSAW
●Ngā raina pūrua hinu tawhiti– Te kawe i te hinu mata mai i ngā mara ki ngā whare hanga hinu (pēhanga tae atu ki te 10 MPa)
●Te tuku hau māori pēhanga teitei– Ngā raina hau whakawhiti-whenua (pēhanga tae atu ki te 12 MPa)
● Ngā paipa moana– Ngā raina rere o raro i te moana me ngā raina kaweake (he pai ake te tukanga UOE mō te porowhita)
● Ngā paipa ratonga kawa– Hinu me te hau kei roto te H₂S (PSL2 me te whakamātautau HIC/SSC, kua whakamahia te PWHT)
● Ngā raina werohanga wai– Te whakaora hinu kua whakarei ake, te pēhanga tae atu ki te 35 MPa (pereti pakitara taumaha kua hurihia)
● Ngā paipa o te Ātiki– Ngā rohe hukapapa pumau me ngā hiahia pānga pāmahana iti ki raro ki te -46°C
● Ngā paipa o te pūwero me te teihana papu– Ngā paipa teihana pēhanga teitei me ngā pito whakarara
● Ngā papa whakaara o te moana– Ngā ara whakarunga hihiri e hiahia ana ki te whakamātautau CTOD me te hoahoa ngenge
● Ngā pou hanganga mō ngā papaaho tai moana– Ngā puranga turanga taumaha-rahi i roto i te wai hohonu
● Ngā pene rakau mō ngā tipu hiko wai– He pakitara taumaha, he whānui te whānui, he kawe wai pēhanga teitei
9. Tākai me te Tukunga – Paipa Rino API 5L X52 LSAW
Tākai:
● Ngā diameter iti (≤ 24″): Ngā paihere hexagonal, he maitai kua herea ki ngā parepare taha (3-5 ngā whitiki mō ia paihere)
● Ngā diameter nui (> 24″): Ngā paipa takitahi, wehea e ngā papa rakau me ngā papa rapa (iti rawa kia 2 ngā pūwāhi papa mō ia paipa)
● Ngā taupoki pito: Ngā taupoki kirihou, maitai rānei mahi taumaha (ngā pito piko e tiakina ana mai i te pānga me te paru)
● Parenga paninga: Mō ngā paipa paninga 3LPE/FBE, he mowhiti pahuka, he rau rapa rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga hei ārai i te pakū i te wā e neke ana te oko toto
● Ngā parenga miro (mēnā kua tohua ngā pito miro): Ngā parenga miro kirihou, whakarewa rānei
Ngā tikanga tuku:
● Ngā waka pakaru-rahi mō ngā rahinga nui atu i te 500 tāne (uta tika mai i te wheketere ki te waka)
● Ngā ipu 20 putu/40 putu mō ngā diameter iti (kua paiherea, mōrahi 25 tāne mō ia ipu)
● Ngā whata papatahi, ngā ipu tuwhera rānei mō ngā roa rawa atu (tae atu ki te 24m)
● Ngā kaikawe papatipu me te wāhi rokiroki paipa motuhake (mā te whakamahi i te wetewete me te here)
● Utauta tereina mō ngā wāhi kua rāhuitia (mai i ngā tauranga o Tianjin, o Shanghai rānei ki Mongolia o Roto, Kazakhstan, Mongolia)
Ngā tuhinga kei roto i ia tuku:
● Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (EN 10204 Momo 3.1, 3.2 rānei mēnā ka tonoa)
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Waipūmau (me te pēhanga, te roa, me ngā raraunga whānui)
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (100% te whakarewa me te tinana, tae atu ki te wāhi hapa mēnā he hapa)
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Irirangi (mēnā kua tohua, me te kiriata, ngā whakaahua matihiko rānei)
● Pūrongo Tirotiro Ahu (OD, WT, roa, porowhita, tika)
● Tiwhikete Paninga (mēnā kua pania: matotoru, piri, whakamātautau hararei)
● Pūrongo Tāutuhi Rauemi Pai (PMI)
● Rārangi Tākai (me ngā tau me ngā taumaha o ngā paipa/paipa)
● Nama Tauhokohoko me te Rārangi Tākai
● Tiwhikete Taketake (ko Haina te nuinga, engari ka taea te tuku COO puka E, puka F, me ētahi atu)
● Pire Utaina (uta moana) Pire Huarahi Rererangi rānei (uta rangi mō ngā tauira ohorere)
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic – Paipa Rino API 5L X52 LSAW
He aha i whiriwhiria ai a Womic Steel mō te X52 LSAW?
● E toru ngā tukanga tautoko (JCOE, UOE, pereti hurihuri) e kapi ana i ngā diameter 219–1,600mm
● Te kaha o te pakitara matotoru tae atu ki te 70mm (tuitui kotahi) 80mm rānei (tuitui takirua) mō te werohanga pēhanga teitei me ngā tono ātiki
● Te kaha o te oumu PWHT: 12m te roa × 3m te whānui, me te whakamahana hiko mō ngā paipa roa ake
● Whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti ki raro ki te -60°C (karaehe ātiki X52)
● Ratonga kawa kua whakamanahia me te whakamātautau HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● API 5L Monogram + CE + tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)
● Whakahokinga tere: 30-45 ngā rā mō te ratonga paerewa X52 PSL1, 45-60 ngā rā mō te ratonga PSL2
● Ko te roa tae atu ki te 24m ka whakaiti i ngā hononga porowhita mā te 30-40% (12m noa vs 18m vs 24m)
● Te whai i te tau wera pereti ki te paipa kua oti (kua tohua te tau wera ki ia paipa)
● Neke atu i te 3,000 kiromita o ngā paipa X52 e tukuna ana puta noa i te ao, kāore he rahunga e whakamahia ana
Ngā Pātai Auau:
Q: He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te X52 PSL1 me te PSL2 mō ngā paipa LSAW?
A: He iti ake ngā rohe hanganga matū o te PSL2 (C, P, S iti iho), he pakari pānga Charpy e hiahiatia ana (27J iti rawa @ 0°C, iti iho rānei), he rohe pakeke mōrahi (90 HRB), ā, me nui ake te NDT (100% UT me te UT ira mō te PSL1). Mō ngā paipa hau pēhanga teitei, mō te moana, mō te ratonga kawa rānei, he mea whakahau te PSL2. Mō ngā raina wai, mō te hinu pēhanga iti rānei, he pai te PSL1, ā, he iti ake te ōhanga.
Q: Ka taea e koe te tuku whakamātautau pānga pāmahana-iti ki a X52 mō ngā kaupapa arctic?
Āe. Ka tukuna e mātou te whakamātautau pānga Charpy ki te X52 PSL2 i te -46°C (iti rawa 27J) me te DWTT i te -20°C (iti rawa 85% te horahanga kutikuti). Kua tukuna e mātou te X52 karaehe arctic ki ngā kaupapa o Kanata me Rūhia. Tena koa tohua te pāmahana me te pūngao whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana ina pātai mai koe.
Q: He aha te matotoru mōrahi o te pakitara ka taea e koe te whakaputa mō te X52 LSAW?
A: Te mōrahi o te tukanga JCOE 50.8mm, te mōrahi o te tukanga UOE 40mm, te hononga kotahi o te pereti hurihuri tae atu ki te 70mm, te hononga takirua o te pereti hurihuri tae atu ki te 80mm. Mō te matotoru o te pakitara neke atu i te 50.8mm, me whai mana te PWHT. Nō nā tata nei mātou i tuku atu ai i te X52 1,600mm OD × 70mm WT mō tētahi kaupapa weronga wai pēhanga teitei i Ōmana.
P: Me pēhea te whakahaere i te pakeketanga mō te ratonga kawa X52?
A: Ka whakahaerehia e mātou te hanganga matū (CEV ≤ 0.40% mō te ratonga kawa, iti iho i te paerewa 0.43%), ka whakahaerehia te whakauru wera i te wā e whakarewahia ana te SAW (≤ 3.0 kJ/mm), ā, ka whakamahia te PWHT mō te matotoru o te pakitara ≥ 20mm. Ko te pakeke i muri i te PWHT he 78-85 HRB mō te konganuku turanga me te 82-88 HRB mō te whakarewa. Ka whakaratohia e mātou he tuhinga whakawhiti pakeke katoa.
Q: Kei te whakarato koe i ngā ratonga tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mō ngā paipa X52 LSAW?
Āe. Ka mahi tahi mātou me SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, me LR. Ka taea te tirotiro i tō mātou wheketere i te wā e whakaputa ana, me te mātakitaki a te māngai o te kiritaki, te tari tuatoru rānei. Ka tukuna e mātou ngā tiwhikete EN 10204 Momo 3.2 ina tonoa mai.
Q: He aha te roanga o te wā arahi mō te paipa X52 LSAW?
A: Te wā arahi paerewa: 30-45 ngā rā mō PSL1, 45-60 ngā rā mō PSL2 me te whakamātautau ratonga kawa. Ka taea ngā ota tere (20-30 ngā rā) mō ngā rahinga iti (<500 tāne). Mō ngā ota tino nui (>10,000 tāne), ka roa pea te wā arahi ki te 75 ngā rā i runga i te wātea o te pereti.
P: Ka taea e koe te tuku i te X52 me te paninga 3LPE me te paninga taumaha raima mō ngā paipa tai?
Āe. Ka tukuna e mātou he paninga 3LPE e ai ki te ISO 21809 (te matotoru katoa o te 2.5-3.5mm) ā, ka taea te whakarite i te taumaha paninga raima (te matotoru o te 40-120mm, te mātotoru o te 2,400-3,050 kg/m³) i tō mātou papa paninga hoa i Tianjin. Kua tukuna e mātou he paninga X52 ki tāwāhi ki ngā kaupapa o Vietnam, Indonesia, me te Middle East.
Tohutoro Kaupapa – Paipa Kaweake Hinu Mata o Āwherika ki te Rawhiti
Whenua:Uganda / Tanzania (Paipa Hinu Mata o Āwherika ki te Rawhiti – EACOP)
Paerewa me te Taumata:API 5L X52 PSL2 (ratonga kawa, me te whakamātautau HIC me te SSC)
Ngā Ahu me te Rahinga:
● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 12.7mm – 48,000 mita (tata ki te 7,200 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga UOE
● OD 610mm (24″) × T 15.9mm – 12,000 mita (tata ki te 2,400 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga UOE (he pakitara matotoru ake mō ngā whiti awa)
● OD 914mm (36″) × WT 19.0mm – 8,500 mita (tata ki te 3,400 tāne) i hangaia e te tukanga JCOE mō ngā raina taha taha o te teihana papu
Tapeke:68,500 mita (68.5 kiromita), tata ki te 13,000 tāne
Ngā Whakatakotoranga:Paninga 3LPE o waho (matotoru katoa 3.0mm) e ai ki te ISO 21809, pito piko 30° / 1.6mm te mata pakiaka, whakamātautau wai i te 11.5 MPa (pēhanga hoahoa 8.5 MPa). Pānga Charpy whakahau i te 0°C (iti rawa 27J, tutuki 85-120J). HIC mō ia NACE TM0284 Otinga A, 96h – whakaaetia: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5%. SSC mō ia NACE TM0177 Tikanga A, 720h – kāore e whakaaetia te pakaru. PWHT i whakamahia mō ngā paipa katoa me te WT ≥ 15.9mm.
Taupānga:He paipa kaweake hinu mata mai i Uganda (rohe o Hoima) ki te tauranga Tanga o Tanzania i te Moana Iniana. Ko te roa katoa o te paipa he 1,443 km. Nā Womic Steel i whakarato te 68.5 km o te katoa, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga e puta ana i ngā wāhi kararehe tairongo me ngā whitinga awa nui.
Ngā Wero Hangarau me ngā Otinga:
● Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ratonga kawa mō te hinu mata me te H₂S– Kei roto i te hinu mata o Uganda te H₂S rewa tae atu ki te 15 ppm me te nui o te wai. I hiahiatia he whakamātautau HIC me te SSC pakari. I whakahaerehia e Womic he whakamātautau tohu i runga i te 15 ngā rota whakaputa. I paahitia katoa me te CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% mō HIC. Kāore i whakaatuhia he pakaru o te mata i roto i te whakamātautau SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h). I tutuki i a mātou tēnei mā te pupuri i te CEV ≤ 0.38% (i raro rawa i te rohe PSL2 o te 0.43%) me te whakamahi i te PWHT mō ngā paipa katoa i runga ake i te 12.7mm WT, ahakoa kāore te API 5L e whakahau i te PWHT i raro iho i te 25.4mm. I kite te kaitirotiro a te kiritaki (SGS) i ngā whakamātautau katoa.
● Ngā herenga taiao o te rohe kararehe mohoao– Ka haere te paipa mā roto i ngā whenua rāhui kararehe ā-motu e rua. He uaua ki te whakatika i ngā pakaru o te paninga i te wā tāutanga nā te mea he iti te urunga. I pania e Womic tētahi paparanga polyethylene patunga tapu (he 0.5mm tāpiri ki runga i te paerewa 3LPE) hei paninga ātete-pakurakura. I whakahaerehia hoki e mātou he kitenga hararei 100% i te 7kV (ko te paerewa he 5kV) kia kore ai he hararei paninga. I whakamātauria te kaha kiri i te 250 N/cm i te 25°C, 150 N/cm i te 70°C.
● Ngā whitinga awa e hiahia ana kia matotoru ake te taiepa– E rima ngā whitinga awa nui (ngā manga awa o te Nile) i hiahiatia he WT 15.9mm hei utu mō te 12.7mm hei ātete atu ki te hinga me te āheinga piko i te wā e tāuta ana i te piko. Mō ēnei paipa pakitara matotoru ake, i whakamahia e mātou te tukanga UOE hei whakapai ake i te porowhita (±0.2% OD) hei whakarite i te pono o te whakapiri porowhita o te mara i ngā wāhanga whakawhiti. I inehia te porowhita i te 0.15-0.18%, i raro iho i te rohe 0.5%.
● Ngā ratonga kawe whenua tawhiti– I tukuna ngā paipa mai i Shanghai ki te tauranga o Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), kātahi ka haria ki te taraka mō te 1,200 km ki te horapa o ngā paipa o Uganda. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te rori i te taha hauauru o Tanzania ko ngā wāhanga kāore i wharikitia. I hangaia e Womic tētahi mahere tuku motuhake: 12m te roa anake (kāore he hononga 18m mō te wāhanga Uganda) kia uru ki ngā taraka papatahi paerewa. I herea takitahi ia paipa ki ngā taura whakakī. I whakaratohia e mātou he hoahoa uta me te whakangungu ki te kamupene taraka ā-rohe. Kāore he paipa i pakaru i te wā o te whakawhiti whenua 1,200 km.
● Ngā tuhinga pakari me te whai i ngā mea e tika ana– I hiahiatia e te kaupapa ngā tiwhikete EN 10204 Momo 3.2 mō ia tau wera, me te whai i ngā whakaritenga katoa mai i te pereti ki te paipa kua oti. I whakaritea e Womic tētahi kaiwhakahaere tuhinga motuhake hei aroturuki i ngā paipa 68.5 kiromita katoa. I tāia ia paipa ki te tau wera, te tau paipa, me ngā taunga GPS o te whakaputanga. I arotakehia e te tīma QA a te kiritaki tō mātou whare e rua ngā wā i te wā whakaputanga; i paahitia ngā arotakenga e rua me te kore he takahi i ngā whakaritenga.
Hua:Kua whakaritea kia oti te mahi miihini o te East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) i te hauwhā tuarua o te tau 2025. I tukuna ngā paipa X52 PSL2 13,000 tana a Womic Steel mō ngā marama e 8 (te tukunga tuatahi i Oketopa 2023, te tukunga whakamutunga i Mei 2024). I paahitia e ngā paipa katoa te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru e SGS Tanzania. I tukuna e te kiritaki (he rōpū kamupene hinu o te ao) he reta whakamoemiti mō te whakahaere kounga a Womic me te tukunga i te wā tika. He kaiwhakarato kua tohua mua a Womic mō ngā whakawhānui paipa a meake nei i te rohe.
Whakapā mai:
Paetukutuku: www.womicsteel.com
Ī-mēra: sales@womicsteel.com
Waea / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Wikitōria: +86 15575100681
Hēki: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – Tō hoa pono mō ngā paipa API 5L X52 LSAW mō ngā raina pūnga hinu me te hau pēhanga teitei, ngā paipa ratonga wai, ngā paipa Arctic, me ngā tono tai moana puta noa i te ao.
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