1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He kaihanga matua a Womic Steel Group, he kaihokohoko hoki o te ao, me te neke atu i te 20 tau o te tohungatanga ki te whakaputa paipa koranu ātete waikura (CRA) tae atu ki ngā koranu nikara, ngā koranu kowiri tira takirua, me te titanium. E whakamahi ana tā mātou whare whakaputa paipa koranu nikara motuhake i whakarewaina i ngā hangarau whakarewa matatau maha me te whakahaere pakari i te whakauru wera me te maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewanga hei pupuri i te ātete waikura me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te koranu:
●Raina ERW (Whakarewa Ātete Hiko):Mō ngā diameters mai i te 6.35mm ki te 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 0.5mm ki te 12.7mm. He whakarewa auau-teitei me te whakaurunga wera iti hei karo i te wehewehe. He pai mō ngā paipa N08825 diameter iti ki te rahi waenga mō ngā raina taputapu, te werohanga matū, me ngā paipa tukatuka.
●Raina EFW (Whakarewa Hiko):Mō ngā diameters mai i te 219mm ki te 1219mm (8″ – 48″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 4.0mm ki te 50mm. Te urunga pakiaka TIG (GTAW) me ngā urunga whakakī SAW, mā te whakamahi i te konganuku whakakī ōrite (ERNiCrMo-3, ERNiCrMo-10 rānei) me te ārai hau kore mahi.
●Raina LSAW / SAWL mō ngā Konukōre Nikara:Mō ngā diameter mai i te 406mm ki te 1524mm (16″ – 60″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 50mm. He whakarewa pewa ruku o ngā pereti koranu nikara kua hurihia me te whakaurunga wera whakahaere.
Ka whakamahanahia ngā paipa whakarewa nikara katoa i te 980-1040°C, ā, ka tineia ki te wai, ka whakamataohia rānei ki te hau hei whakaora i te ātete ki te waikura, hei whakarewa hoki i ngā matū waro, i ngā matū whakarewa rānei. Ā, muri iho ka whakamātaohia, ka whakakorengia.
Ngā Tiwhikete Kounga me ngā Whakatutukitanga Ture:
● Kua whakamanahia te ISO 9001:2015
● PED 2014/68/EU (Tohu CE) mō ngā taputapu pēhanga
● EN 10204 3.2 Tiwhikete me te whakamanatanga a te hunga tuatoru (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Tirotiro-a-Tuatoru (TPI) kua whakaaetia e SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 mō te ratonga kawa (H₂S)
● Te Ture ASME mō te Poiler me te Ipu Pēhanga (Wāhanga VIII, Wehenga 1) ina tonoa
E tuku ana a Womic Steel i ngā paipa whakarewa koranu nikara ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 30 puta noa i te tukatuka matū, te hanga tongi, te karihi, me ngā ahumahi moana.
Ngāwari o te Whakaputa:
● ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm WT × ≤ 12m
● EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm WT × ≤ 12m (roa ake mēnā ka tonoa)
● LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm WT × ≤ 18m
● Ngā kōwhiringa whakaoti: Kua whakawerahia, kua whakapūkarahia, kua whakawerahia kanapa (mō ngā ngongo iti)
2. ASTM B705 UNS N08825: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) he koranu nikara-rino-konukōmiuma me ngā tāpiringa o te molibdenum, te parahi, me te taitaniuma. Kua hangaia hei whakarato i te ātete pai ki ngā waikawa whakaiti me te waikawa whakapūngao, tae atu ki te pakaru waikura ahotea (SCC) me te poka i puta mai i te hauhāora. Mā te tāpiri taitaniuma ka whakau te koranu ki te whakaekenga intergranular i muri i te whakarewa (he rite ki ngā maitai kore waikura kua whakau). Ko te nui o te nikara (38-46%) ka whakarato i te ātete pai ki te SCC hauhāora, ko te chromium me te molibdenum ka whakarato i te ātete poka. Ka tāpiri te parahi i te ātete ki ngā waikawa whanariki me te waikawa phosphoric.
Te Hanganga Matū (Tātaritanga Koro, % mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | UNS N08825 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.050 (te tikanga ≤ 0.025) |
| Mn | ≤ 1.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.030 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 19.5 – 23.5 |
| Ni | 38.0 – 46.0 |
| Mo | 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Cu | 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Ti | 0.6 – 1.2 |
| Al | ≤ 0.20 |
| Fe | Taurite |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma, Wairewa Kua Whakawerahia):
| Taonga | UNS N08825 |
| Kaha Hua (iti rawa, 0.2% te rerekētanga) | 240 MPa (35,000 psi) |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 550 MPa (80,000 psi) |
| Te roa (iti rawa, 50mm te ine) | 30% |
| Te pakeketanga (noa) | 75-85 HRB |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana:
● Kiato: 8.14 karamu/cm³
● Te Tauwehenga o te Āhuatanga: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
● Te Awe Wera: 11.1 W/m·K i te 100°C
● Tauwehenga Whakawhanui Wera: 14.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Ātete ki te Waikura:
● He ātete tino pai ki te waikawa whanariki i runga i te whānuitanga o ngā kukū (tae atu ki te 96% i ngā pāmahana reo)
● Te ātete tino pai ki te waikawa phosphoric (tukanga mākū) kei roto ngā pūhaumāota me ngā fluorides
● He ātete pai ki te waikawa hauota me ngā waikawa waro
● He ātete tino pai ki te pakaru waikura ahotea pūhaumāota (SCC)
● He ātete pai ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao hauota (PREN ≈ 30-35)
● Ātete ki te waikura ā-ira i muri i te whakarewa (kua whakapūmauhia te titanium)
● He pai mō te mahi kawa (NACE MR0175) tae atu ki ngā pēhanga ā-wāhanga H₂S teitei
Ngā Herenga Waikura (Tāpiri):
● Waikawa whanariki (H₂SO₄): ka taea te whakamahi tae atu ki te 96% te kukū i te pāmahana rūma; ka whakawhāitihia i te wā e koropupū ana
● Waikawa whākawa (H₃PO₄): tino pai tae atu ki te 80% i te 100°C
● Waikawa hauwai (HCl): he iti noa iho ki te waimeha (< 5%) i te pāmahana rūma
● Waikawa hauota (HNO₃): pai tae atu ki te 40% i ngā pāmahana reo
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (paipa); ASTM B709 (ngā ngongo) |
| Ngā Tukanga Hanga | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | ERW: 6.35 – 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1524mm |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | ERW: 0.5 – 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 50mm |
| Awhe Whakarite | 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (mō NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m; Whakaroa: 12m, 18m, tae atu ki te 18m (roa ake mēnā ka tonoa) |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE), Pito Whakapiko (BE) |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Kua whakawerahia, kua whakamātaohia, kua kanapa kua whakawerahia |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±0.5% ±3.2mm rānei; Taumaha: ±12.5% (mō ia ASTM B775); Roa: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N08825 (Ngā Rahi Noa kua Tīpakohia)
| NPS | Ō (mm) | Rārangi Mahi | Taumaha (mm) | Taumaha (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 40S | 2.77 | 1.27 | 6m | Werohanga matū |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 40S | 2.87 | 1.69 | 6m | Ngā raina taputapu |
| 1 inihi | 33.4 | 40S | 3.38 | 2.50 | 6m | Ngā raina whāngai waikawa |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 40S | 3.68 | 4.05 | 6m | Ngā paipa tukatuka |
| 2 inihi | 60.3 | 40S | 3.91 | 5.44 | 6m / 12m | Waikawa whanariki |
| 3 inihi | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | Waikawa whākawa |
| 4 inihi | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | Ngā raina whakapūngao |
| 6 inihi | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Putanga FGD |
| 8 inihi | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Raina kawa ki tai |
| 10 inihi | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Te whakaora waikawa |
| 12 inihi | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Pane matua waikawa |
| 16 inihi | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Te tukatuka anō i te karihi |
| 20 inihi | 508.0 | 40S | 15.09 | 183.5 | 12m | Te whānui nui |
| 24 inihi | 609.6 | 40S | 17.48 | 255.5 | 12m | Taupānga motuhake |
*Kei te wātea ngā ine ritenga i waho atu i ēnei awhe. Me roa ake te wā arahi mō ngā paipa whakarewa N08825 (iti rawa 60 ngā rā) nā te mea he mea motuhake te kimi i ngā rīpene/pereti.*
5. Ngā Paerewa me ngā Tohu o te Koranu Nikara Noa i Hangaia e Womic Steel
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino / Koranu | Te Whakamahinga Noa | Tukanga Whakarewa |
| ASTM B705 | UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) | Waikawa whāwhā, waikawa whākawa | EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| ASTM B709 | UNS N08825 | Ngongo, whakawhiti wera | ERW |
| ASTM B619 | UNS N06022 (Hastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Tino waikura | EFW/LSAW |
| ASTM B622 | UNS N06022, N10276 | Ngongo | ERW |
| ASTM B464 | UNS N08020 (20 Koranu) | Waikawa whanariki | EFW |
| ASTM B729 | UNS N08020 | Ngongo | ERW |
Whakamahinga:Ngā whare hanga waikawa (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HNO₃), te tukatuka anō i ngā karihi, te ratonga kawa ki tai, te FGD, ngā kaipuke tāke matū.
6. Tukanga Hanga – Paipa Koranu Nikara i Whakarewahia (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Me āta whakahaere te wera e whakaurua ana ki te whakarewa koranu nikara, me te maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewatanga kia mau tonu ai te ātete ki te waikura. Kua whakapūmautia te koranu 825 e te titanium, engari ka taea tonu e te wera nui te whakararuraru, te wehewehe rānei.
Tukanga Whakarewa Ātete Hiko (ERW) – Te Diameter Iti ki te Waenga (6.35–610mm OD):
●Tirotiro Rauemi Mata (Rīpene/Koiri):Kua manatokohia te rīpene koranu nikara mō te hanganga N08825 (Ni 38-46%, Cr 19.5-23.5%, Mo 2.5-3.5%, Cu 1.5-3.0%, Ti 0.6-1.2%). He tau wera motuhake tō ia koiri me te āheinga katoa ki te whai.
●Te Wetewete me te Whakatakotorite
●Te Tapahi Tapa
●Te Hanga:Te hanga hurihuri tonu.
●Te Whakarewa Auau-Teitei:He iti te wera e whakaurua ana (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) hei ārai i te wehewehe. He whakarewa i roto i te hau kore mahi (te ārai argon) hei karo i te waikura.
●Te Whakamahana Tuitui:Te whakamahana ā-whakaurunga, ā, muri iho ka tere te whakamatao.
●Te Rahi me te Whakatikatika
●Te tapahi ki te roa
●Te kore utu:Whakamātautau iahiko Eddy (100%) + UT kōwhiringa.
●Te Whakamahana Otinga (Paipa Katoa):980-1040°C, tineia ki te wai (whakamatao tere rānei i te hau). He mea nui kia whakahokia mai te ātete ki te waikura.
●Whakamātautau Waipūmau
●Te Whakapūkara me te Whakakorekore(te whakamahi i te ranunga waikawa motuhake mō ngā koranu nikara)
●PMI (XRF) me te tirotiro Ferrite (kāore he ferrite i roto i te koranu nikara)
●Tirotiro Whakamutunga me te Tohu
Tukanga EFW (Whakarewa Hiko Hiko) – Diameter Nui (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–50mm WT):
●Te Whakarite Pereti:Pereti koranu nikara, he tapa whakarara (X whakarara).
●Te Hanga Rōra
●Te Whakarewa Taapiri
●Te Huarahi Pūtake TIG (GTAW):He konganuku whakakī ōrite (ERNiCrMo-3, ERNiCrMo-10 rānei), he hau tautoko argon me te kaikohi hāora.
●Ngā Pāhi Whakakī me te Taupoki SAW:He iti te wera e uru ana (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm), he iti te pāmahana whakawhiti ≤ 150°C. He rerekētanga motuhake mō ngā koranu nikara (he iti te whanariki).
●Te Whakarewatanga o Roto (mō ngā diameter nui)
●100% RT + UT(mō ASTM B775)
●Te Whakamahana Otinga:Maimoatanga wera paipa katoa (980-1040°C), tineia te wai.
●Te Whakapūkara me te Whakakorekore
●Whakamātautau Waipūmau
●PMI me te Tirotiro Ahu
●Te Tohu
Tukanga LSAW mō ngā Konukōre Nikara – Te Diameter Tino Nui (406–1524mm OD, 6.0–50mm WT):
● UOE, JCOE rānei e hangaia ana mai i te pereti koranu nikara
● Te whakarewa taha-rua o te SAW me te iti o te wera e whakaurua ana
● Te whakamahana otinga katoa i muri i te whakarewatanga
Ngā Pūwāhi Mana Whakahaere Matua mō te Whakarewa N08825:
● Te urunga wera: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (whāinga ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Te pāmahana whakawhiti: ≤ 150°C
● Hau parepare: Ākona (100%) mō te TIG; ākona + hēriuma mō te SAW
● Te Horoi: Te tango hinu tino kaha i mua i te whakarewa (ngā koranu nikara e pāngia ana e te whanariki me te mata)
● Te whakamahana i te otinga: 980-1040°C, me tinei i te wai – me whai tikanga.
● Kāore he ferrite i roto i te whakarewa whakarewa (he austenitic katoa ngā whakarewa nikara konukōre)
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō te Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N08825
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa |
| Rauemi Mata | Tātari Matū (OES, ICP rānei) | Manatokohia nga tepe N08825 (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ti, Fe) |
| Rauemi Mata | Whakamātautau Kume | Hua ≥ 240 MPa, Kukū ≥ 550 MPa |
| Rauemi Mata | Te pakeketanga | 75-85 HRB noa |
| Rauemi Mata | Whakamātautau Waikura (ASTM G28) | Ātete waikura ā-pūmua (mō te ratonga waikawa nui) |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Aroturukitanga Whakauru Wera | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Te pāmahana i waenganui i te ara | ≤ 150°C |
| Whakarewa (ERW) | Iahiko Eddy (100%) | Te pono o te whakarewa |
| Whakarewa (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (PAUT rānei) | Kitea ngā hapa whakarewa |
| Whakarewa (EFW/LSAW) | RT (10-100% mō ia whakaritenga) | Kounga whakarewa |
| Whakarewa | Te Whakauru Tae (PT) | Ngā kapiti o te mata |
| Te Whakamahana i Muri i te Otinga | Whakamātautau Pakari | Manatokohia te āhua o te otinga kua whakamahanahia |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau | Te pono o te pēhanga |
| Paipa Kua Oti | PMI (XRF) | Whakaū i te māka (Ni, Cr, Mo) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Waikura (ASTM G28 Mahi A) | Ātete IGC (mēnā kua tohua) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirohanga me te Tohu | Te Whai Aroturuki |
Ngā Whakamātautau Kōwhiringa mō te Ratonga Tino Hira:
● ASTM G28 Mahi A (50% H₂SO₄ – te whanariki ferric) mō te ātete ki te waikura intergranular
● Whakamātautau poka ASTM G48 (i roto i te FeCl₃, 6% i te 40°C) mō te ātete ki te poka hauota
● Whakamātautau HIC/SSC mō te ratonga kawa (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Whakamātautau kume pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, i te 300°C)
● Te inenga o te Ferrite (me iti iho i te 1% mō ngā koranu nikara)
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N08825
●Ngā tipu waikawa whanariki:Te whakahaere i te oleum (H₂SO₄ + SO₃), te waikawa kukū (96-98%), te waikawa waimeha (5-10%), me ngā paipa whakamatao waikawa. Ka whakakapi i ngā maitai kore waikura e tere pirau ana.
●Te whakaputanga waikawa phosphoric (tukanga mākū):Ngā pūwero, ngā whakamatao mura, me ngā paipa e whakahaere ana i te waikawa phosphoric me te hauhā me te fluoride. Ka ātete te Alloy 825 i ngā āhuatanga waikura me te whakaiti.
●Te tukatuka anō i te wahie karihi:Te whakahaere i te wahie karihi kua pau, kua rewa i roto i te waikawa hauota me ngā fluoride. Ka ātete a N08825 ki te waikura i roto i tēnei taiao tino kaha (e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu Magnox me THORP).
●Ratonga kawa ki tāwāhi:Te whakaputa hinu me te hau me ngā pēhanga ā-wāhanga H₂S teitei (tae atu ki te 10 pae) me ngā pūhaumāota teitei me ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 200°C. Kua whai tohu NACE MR0175.
●Te whakamatao i te wai moana (te pāmahana teitei):Ngā pūnaha wai whakamatao i roto i ngā whare whakapai hinu takutai me ngā tipu hiko ina neke atu te pāmahana o te wai moana i te 45°C (inā pea ka pakaru te wai i te 2205 me te super duplex). Ka ātete a N08825 ki te pakaru tae atu ki te 80°C.
●Ngā paipa putanga o te whakakorenga hau korere (FGD):Kei raro iho i ngā mimiti kei reira ngā hau waikawa maku whai pūhaumāota. Ko te koranu 825 te paerewa mō ngā paipa putanga me ngā arai puranga.
●Ngā kaipuke matū:Ngā paipa utanga mō ngā matū kaha tae atu ki te waikawa whanariki, te waikawa phosphoric, me ngā waikawa waro. Kua whakaaetia te N08825 e ngā kamupene kaipuke matū nui.
●Ngā whare whakapūkara me te whakaora waikawa:Ngā raina whakapūkara waikawa hauwai (wairewa) me te waikawa whakaranu mō te hanga kowiri tira.
●Te maimoatanga wai para:Ngā awa para ahumahi tino waikura mai i ngā tipu matū (ngā waikawa whakauru, ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā pūhaumāota).
9. Tākai me te Tukunga – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N08825
Tākai:
●Te parenga ā-waikura:He pepa kirihou, he pepa VCI rānei. Kāore e whakaaetia he toenga hinu mō te mahi matū (he ma te takai).
●Ngā taupoki mutunga:Ngā potae kirihou mahi-mātotoru (he tae kei te waehere – he karaka te nuinga mō te N08825).
●Te here (Ngā diameter iti):Ka takai takitahitia ia paipa, kātahi ka herea ki ngā whitiki kore-whakarewa (kaua e pā ki te whitiki maitai hei ārai i te poke).
●Tākai takitahi (Ngā diameters nui):He takai kiriata kirihou me ngā mowhiti pahuka i waenganui i ngā paipa.
●Ngā pouaka rakaumō ngā tono nui (karihi, rongoā).
Tukunga:
● Ngā ipu mō te ≤ 610mm, ngā ipu pakaru mō ngā diameter nui ake.
●Ngā tuhinga:MTC 3.1/3.2 (EN 10204), pūrongo whakamātautau wai, pūrongo UT/RT, pūrongo PMI, pūrongo whakamātautau waikura (ASTM G28 mēnā kua tohua), pūrongo ā-ahu, rārangi tākai, COO. Te whai i te katoa mai i te tau wera ki te paipa kua oti.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N08825
He aha koe i mahi tahi ai me Womic Steel mō te paipa whakarewa N08825?
● Te whānuitanga o ngā rahi: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Te whakamahana i te otinga katoa i muri i te whakarewa (980-1040°C, te tinei wai).
● Kei te wātea te whakamātautau waikura ā-pūmua e ai ki te ASTM G28 (me whai mana mō te ratonga waikawa).
● Tiwhikete NACE MR0175 mō te ratonga kawa.
● Te mana whakahaere kounga tino pakari – kāore he ferrite i roto i te konganuku whakarewa.
● Ngā wā arahi whakataetae mō ngā paipa koranu nikara: 60-75 ngā rā mō te ERW, 75-90 ngā rā mō te EFW.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ) – Paipa Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N08825
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te Incoloy 825 (N08825) me te Alloy 20 (N08020)?
A: E whakamahia ana ngā mea e rua mō te mahi waikawa whanariki. He iti ake te nikara (32-38%) o te koranu 20 (N08020) me te nui ake o te chromium (19-21%) me te parahi. He nui ake te nikara (38-46%) me te molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) o te N08825 me te whakaū i te titanium. He pai ake te ātete o te N08825 ki te pitting me te chloride SCC, ā, he pai ake mō te mahi kawa (H₂S). He ohanga ake te koranu 20 mō te waikawa phosphoric me te waikawa whanariki waimeha me te kore he chloride. He maha ngā wā ka tohua te N08825 mō ngā āhuatanga kaha ake.
P: He ātete a N08825 ki te waikawa whanariki i ngā kukū katoa?
A: Kāo. He tino pai te N08825 mō te waikawa whanariki tae atu ki te 60% i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 100°C, me ngā kukū i waenga i te 85-96% i te pāmahana rūma. I te awhe waenga (60-85%) me ngā pāmahana teitei ake, ka teitei ake ngā tere waikura. Mō te H₂SO₄ kukū pāmahana teitei (> 90%, > 150°C), me whakamahi pea i ngā koranu motuhake pēnei i te Hastelloy C-276. Tirohia tonu ngā tūtohi waikura mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake.
P: Me whai maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewanga o te N08825?
A: Mō te nuinga o ngā tono, ka taea te whakamahi i te N08825 i roto i te āhua kua whakarewahia nā te mea ka ārai te whakapūmautanga o te titanium i te whakaōrite. Heoi, me whakamahana te paipa whakarewa i te ASTM B705 kia tutuki ai ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ātete ki te waikura. Ka whakahaerehia e Womic te whakamahana i te paipa whakarewa katoa. Mō te whakarewa mara, kāore he PWHT e hiahiatia ana mō te N08825.
Q: Ko tēhea whakarewa whakakī e taunakitia ana mō te N08825?
A: Ko te AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) me te ERNiCrMo-10 (Inconel 622) e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakarewa N08825. Ko te whakakī e rite ana ko ERNiCrMo-3. Ka whakamahia e Womic te ERNiCrMo-3 mō ngā tukanga EFW. Mō te whakarewa mara, e taunakihia ana te whakakī kotahi.
Q: Ka taea te whakamahi i te N08825 mō te ratonga wai moana?
A: Āe. He tino pai te ātete o te N08825 ki te waikura o te waikura me te kapiti i roto i te wai moana, ahakoa i ngā pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 80°C). He maha ngā wā ka tīpakohia mō ngā pūnaha whakamatao wai moana i roto i ngā whare hanga hinu me ngā tipu hiko takutai moana i reira ka pāngia pea te waikura o te super duplex (2205) i ngā pāmahana teitei ake. Heoi, mō te nuinga o ngā tono wai moana, he rawaka te duplex, te super duplex rānei, ā, he iti ake te utu. Ko te N08825 te tikanga mō ngā pūnaha wai moana me ngā matū waikura tāpiri (hei tauira, te wai moana kua whakakīia ki te chlorine, te poke waikawa).
P: He pai te N08825 mō te ratonga kawa (H₂S)?
Āe. E tika ana te N08825 kia rite ki te NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 mō te mahi waikura me ngā pēhanga ā-wāhanga H₂S tae atu ki te 1 pae (15 psi) me te teitei ake, i runga i te mana whakahaere pakeke. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia mō ngā ngongo raro-pōhatu, ngā raina rere, me ngā paipa tukatuka i roto i ngā mara hinu me te hau waikura kei reira te 2205 duplex kāore i te rawaka nā te nui o te H₂S, te hauhau rānei.
Q: He aha te wā ārahi noa mō te paipa whakarewa UNS N08825?
A: 60-75 ngā rā mō te ERW (ngā diameter iti ki te waenga), 75-90 ngā rā mō te EFW/LSAW (ngā diameter nui). He roa ake ngā wā arahi i ngā maitai kore waikura nā te mea he iti ake ngā rahinga o te rīpene/pereti koranu me ngā wā arahi mira roa ake. E 7-14 ngā rā ka tāpirihia e te tirotiro tuatoru. Tērā pea ka taea ngā ota tere (45-60 ngā rā) mō ngā rahi paerewa mēnā kei roto i te taonga ngā rauemi.
Q: He aha te pāmahana whakahaere mōrahi mō N08825?
A: Ka taea te whakamahi i te N08825 i roto i te ratonga tonu tae atu ki te 550°C (1020°F) i roto i ngā taiao kore-waikawa. Mō te ratonga waikura, ka herea te pāmahana mōrahi e te waikura. I roto i te waikawa whanariki, ka herea te ratonga ki raro i te 100°C; i roto i te waikawa phosphoric ki raro i te 150°C. Mō te ratonga waikura pāmahana teitei, ka tūtohutia kia whakamahia ngā koranu he nui ake te chromium (pēnei i te Koranu 600, 601, 625 rānei).
Tohutoro Kaupapa – Te Whakahou i te Whare Whakarewa Waikawa Whāriki o Amerika ki te Raki me te Whakakapinga Paipa
Whenua:Te Hononga o Amerika (Louisiana, te ara matū o te takutai moana o te Moana-a-Kiwa)
Paerewa me te Taumata:ASTM B705 UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)
Ngā Ahu me te Rahinga:
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Rārangi 40S (8.18mm WT) – 600 mita (tata ki te 20 tāne) – Tukanga EFW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Rārangi 40S (7.11mm WT) – 400 mita (tata ki te 10 tāne) – Tukanga EFW
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Rārangi 40S (5.49mm WT) – 800 mita (tata ki te 8 tāne) – Tukanga ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Rārangi 80S (5.54mm WT) – 1,000 mita (tata ki te 6 tāne) – Tukanga ERW
Tapeke:2,800 mita, tata ki te 44 tāne
Ngā Whakatakotoranga:He otinga ASTM B705 UNS N08825 kua whakamahanahia, kua whakamākūkūhia, he pito kua whakapikohia. He whakamātautau waipū. 100% UT mō ngā paipa EFW, he au hurihuri + UT mō te ERW. PMI mō ia paipa. He whakamātautau waikura ā-ira e hiahiatia ana i raro i te ASTM G28 Practice A (tikanga waikawa whanariki-waikawa whanariki) – te tere waikura < 10 mpy (mil ia tau). He whakamātautau ātete waikawa waipūroriki (mō te kiritaki). He tirotiro tuatoru nā SGS USA.
Taupānga:Te whakakapinga o ngā paipa whakahou waikawa me ngā raina tukanga e pā ana ki roto i te tipu whakahou waikawa whanariki. Ka whakahokia mai e te tipu te waikawa whanariki kua pau mai i ngā waeine alkylation (whakapaipai) mā te wetewete wera me te hanga anō. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā paipa te waikawa whanariki wera (85-95% H₂SO₄) i te 150-200°C i te wāhanga whakahou, me te waikawa waimeha (5-10% H₂SO₄) i te 80-100°C i te wāhanga tinei. I rahua ngā paipa Alloy 20 (N08020) o mua i muri i ngā tau e 4 nā te waikura intergranular me te pakaru. I whiriwhiria a N08825 mō tōna ātete pai ki te waikawa kukū me te waikawa waimeha, me tōna pumau titanium.
Ngā Wero Hangarau me ngā Otinga:
●Waikawa whanariki kukū pāmahana teitei (85-95%, 150-200°C)– Ka waikura te konukōre 20 i ngā tere > 50 mpy i raro i ēnei tikanga. Nā te N08825 me te āhua whakawera o te otinga me te mahi whakarewa tika i whakarato i te tere waikura < 5 mpy i roto i te whakamātautau ASTM G28 me te otinga tukanga whakatauira a te kiritaki (85% H₂SO₄ i te 180°C, 336 hāora). I whakarato a Womic i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mira me ngā tīkitipati whakamātautau waikura.
●Te mōrearea o te waikura ā-pūmua i muri i te whakarewanga– Ahakoa kua whakapūmauhia te N08825 ki te titanium, ka taea e te whakaurunga wera kore i te wā hangahanga te whakatōtō i te chromium carbide ki ngā rohe o te witi. I whakahaerehia e Womic te whakaurunga wera whakarewa ki te ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm, ā, i whakahaerehia te whakamahana otinga katoa i muri i te whakarewa. I whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau ASTM G28 i runga i ngā tauira whakarewa te tere waikura 4-7 mpy (kei raro iho i te rohe 10 mpy).
●Te tohu paetae mō te tukanga whakarewa mara– I hiahiatia he tīma tiaki tipu hei mahi i ngā whakatikatika i te mara. I whakaratohia e Womic he 20 tīkitipati whakarewa o te 6″ Schedule 40S me te WPS e taunakitia ana: GTAW me te whakakī ERNiCrMo-3, 100% argon backing, interpass ≤ 150°C. I paahitia e ngā tīkitipati ngā whakamātautau radiographic, PT, me te ASTM G28. I whakamanahia e te tīma whakarewa a te kiritaki te tukanga.
●Manatoko PMI – te wehewehe i te N08825 mai i ngā koranu iti iho– Te mōrearea i te wāhi mahi o te whakaranu i te N08825 me te Alloy 825 (UNS ōrite) vs Alloy 625 (he rerekē te hanganga). I whakahaerehia e Womic te XRF ki ia paipa, ā, i tapaina ia paipa ki ngā tohu tae-waehere (karaka mō te 825). Kāore he raruraru i puta.
●Ngā mahi whakahaere i te wā e whakaritea ana (4 wiki te kati)– I tukuna ngā paipa mai i Shanghai ki New Orleans, kātahi ka haria ki te taraka ki te wāhi o Louisiana. I tukuna katoatia ngā tāne 44 i roto i ngā rā 10 i mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi. I whakaratohia e Womic ngā tiwhikete mira whaimana (EN 10204 Momo 3.2) me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau waikura i mua i te wā hei whakaae mā te kiritaki.
Hua:I tīmata anō te tipu whakaora waikawa i muri i te huringa. I muri i te 12 marama o te mahi, i kitea kāore he waikura i roto i te tirotiro i ngā paipa N08825, kāore he pakaru, kāore hoki he whakaekenga ā-whatu. I whakatau te kiritaki ka roa ake te paipa hou mō te 15+ tau (ki te whakaritea ki te 4 tau mō te Alloy 20). Kua tāpirihia a Womic Steel ki te rārangi rauemi kua whakaaetia e te tipu mō ngā whakakapinga ratonga waikawa a meake nei.
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Womic Steel – Tō hoa pono mō ngā paipa koranu nikara ASTM B705 UNS N08825 kua whakarewaina mō ngā tipu waikawa whanariki me te waikawa phosphoric, te tukatuka anō karihi, te ratonga kawa ki tai, me ngā tono wai moana pāmahana teitei puta noa i te ao.
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