1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He kaihanga matua a Womic Steel Group, he kaihokohoko hoki o te ao, me te neke atu i te 20 tau o te tohungatanga ki te whakaputa paipa koranu ātete waikura (CRA) tae atu ki ngā koranu nikara. E whakamahi ana tā mātou whare whakaputa paipa whakarewa UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) i ngā hangarau whakarewa matatau maha me te whakahaere pakari i te whakauru wera me te maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewa:
●Raina ERW (Whakarewa Ātete Hiko):Mō ngā diameters mai i te 6.35mm ki te 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 0.5mm ki te 12.7mm. He whakarewa auau-teitei me te whakaurunga wera tino iti (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) hei karo i te wehenga niobium me te hanganga wāhanga intermetallic. He pai mō ngā paipa Alloy 625 diameter iti ki te reo mō ngā pito o raro moana me ngā taputapu.
●Raina EFW (Whakarewa Hiko):Mō ngā diameters mai i te 219mm ki te 1219mm (8″ – 48″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 4.0mm ki te 40mm. Te putanga pakiaka TIG (GTAW) me ngā putanga whakakī SAW, mā te whakamahi i te konganuku whakakī ōrite (ERNiCrMo-3) me te hau tautoko argon me te kaitao hāora.
●Raina LSAW / SAWL mō ngā Konukōre Nikara:Mō ngā diameter mai i te 406mm ki te 1219mm (16″ – 48″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 40mm. He whakarewa pewa ruku o ngā pereti koranu nikara kua hurihia me te whakaurunga wera whakahaeretia (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) me te pāmahana whakawhiti ≤ 120°C.
Ka whakamahanahia ngā paipa Inconel 625 katoa i te 1090-1200°C, ā, ka tineihia ki te wai hei whakarewa i ngā wāhanga whakarewa katoa (hei tauira, sigma, delta) me te whakahoki mai i te ātete ki te waikura me te ngāwari, ā, ka tāpirihia te whakamātao me te whakakorenga.
Ngā Tiwhikete Kounga me ngā Whakatutukitanga Ture:
● Kua whakamanahia te ISO 9001:2015
● PED 2014/68/EU (Tohu CE) mō ngā taputapu pēhanga
● EN 10204 3.2 Tiwhikete me te whakamanatanga a te hunga tuatoru (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Tirotiro-a-Tuatoru (TPI) kua whakaaetia e SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 mō te ratonga kawa (H₂S)
● Te Ture ASME mō te Poiler me te Ipu Pēhanga (Wāhanga VIII, Wehenga 1) ina tonoa
● NORSOK M-650 (i runga i te tono mo te taha moana)
Ka tuku a Womic Steel i ngā paipa Inconel 625 kua whakarewaina ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 30 puta noa i ngā ahumahi taiwhenua, matū, karihi, me te rererangi.
Ngāwari o te Whakaputa:
● ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm WT × ≤ 12m
● EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm WT × ≤ 12m (roa ake mēnā ka tonoa)
● LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm WT × ≤ 18m
● Ngā kōwhiringa whakaoti: Kua whakawerahia, kua whakapūkarahia, kua whakawerahia kanapa (mō ngā ngongo iti)
2. ASTM B705 UNS N06625: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) he koranu nikara-kromium-molibdenum me te tāpiri niobium. Nā te nui o te nikara, he ātete pai ki te pakaru waikura i te ahotea o te hauota; ka ātete te chromium ki te waikura; ka ātete te molibdenum me te niobium ki te pakaru me te whakapakari i te otinga totoka. Ka mau tonu te kaha me te ātete waikura o te koranu 625 tae atu ki te 980°C (1800°F).
Te Hanganga Matū (Tātaritanga Koro, % mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | UNS N06625 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.10 (te tikanga ≤ 0.05) |
| Mn | ≤ 0.50 |
| P | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | ≤ 0.015 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 20.0 – 23.0 |
| Mo | 8.0 – 10.0 |
| Ni | ≥ 58.0 |
| Nb + Ta | 3.15 – 4.15 |
| Fe | ≤ 5.0 |
| Al | ≤ 0.40 |
| Ti | ≤ 0.40 |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma, Wairewa Kua Whakawerahia):
| Taonga | UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) |
| Kaha Hua (iti rawa, 0.2% te rerekētanga) | 415 MPa (60,200 psi) |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 830 MPa (120,400 psi) |
| Te roa (iti rawa, 50mm te ine) | 30% |
| Te pakeketanga (noa) | 80-95 HRB |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana:
● Kiato: 8.44 karamu/cm³
● Te Tauwehenga o te Āhuatanga: 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi) i te pāmahana rūma
● Te Awe Wera: 9.8 W/m·K i te 100°C, 15.9 W/m·K i te 500°C
● Tauwehenga Whakawhanui Wera: 12.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pāmahana-Teitei:
● Te pāmahana ratonga tonu mōrahi i roto i ngā taiao waikura: 980°C (1800°F)
● He ātete pai rawa atu ki te waikura tae atu ki te 980°C
● He kaha ngoki pai i ngā pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, 70 MPa i te 800°C mō te 10,000 hāora)
Ātete ki te Waikura:
● Tau Ātete Pitting (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 45-50 (tino teitei)
● He ātete tino pai ki te waikura o ngā poka me ngā kapiti i roto i te wai moana, ahakoa i ngā pāmahana teitei
● Ātete tino pai ki te pakaru waikura ahotea hauota (SCC) – ārai mate
● He ātete tino pai ki te waikawa whanariki (tae atu ki te 80% i ngā pāmahana reo)
● He ātete pai ki te waikawa hauwai (wairewa, tae atu ki te 10% i te pāmahana rūma)
● He ātete tino pai ki te mahi kawa (H₂S) – he tohu NACE MR0175
● Ātete ki te waikura ā-ira i muri i te whakarewanga (kua whakapūmautia te niobium)
● He ātete pai ki te waikura tae atu ki te 980°C
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (paipa); ASTM B443 (pereti) |
| Ngā Tukanga Hanga | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | ERW: 6.35 – 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1219mm |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | ERW: 0.5 – 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 40mm |
| Awhe Whakarite | 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (mō NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m; Whakaroa: 12m, 18m, tae atu ki te 18m |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE), Pito Whakapiko (BE) |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Kua whakawerahia, kua whakamātaohia, kua kanapa kua whakawerahia |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±0.5% ±3.2mm rānei; Taumaha: ±12.5% (mō ia ASTM B775); Roa: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N06625 (Ngā Rahi Noa kua Tīpakohia)
| NPS | Ō (mm) | Rārangi Mahi | Taumaha (mm) | Taumaha (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 80S | 3.73 | 1.62 | 6m | Raina whakahaere o raro moana |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 80S | 3.91 | 2.20 | 6m | Werohanga matū |
| 1 inihi | 33.4 | 80S | 4.55 | 3.24 | 6m | Ngongo pito |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 80S | 5.08 | 5.41 | 6m | Raina waipēhi |
| 2 inihi | 60.3 | 80S | 5.54 | 7.48 | 6m / 12m | Raina ratonga kawa |
| 3 inihi | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | Te whakamatao i te wai moana |
| 4 inihi | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | Kaihoroi FGD |
| 6 inihi | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Raina rere moana |
| 8 inihi | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Tukanga matū |
| 10 inihi | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Pane matua |
| 12 inihi | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Te whānui nui |
| 16 inihi | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Ratonga karihi |
*Kei te wātea ngā ine ritenga i waho atu i ēnei awhe. Me roa ake te wā arahi mō ngā paipa whakarewa UNS N06625 (iti rawa 90 ngā rā) nā te mea he mea tiki mai ngā rīpene/pereti motuhake mai i ngā mira koranu nikara kua whakamanahia.*
5. Ngā Paerewa me ngā Tohu o te Koranu Nikara Noa i Hangaia e Womic Steel
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino / Koranu | Te Whakamahinga Noa | Tukanga Whakarewa |
| ASTM B705 | UNS N06625 (Inconel 625), N08825 (Incoloy 825) | Tino waikura, pāmahana teitei | EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| ASTM B443 | UNS N06625 | Pereti mō te hanga paipa | - |
| ASTM B619 | UNS N06022 (Hastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Ngā waikawa tino pukuriri | EFW/LSAW |
| ASTM B622 | UNS N06022, N10276 | Ngongo | ERW |
| ASTM B705 | UNS N08020 (Koranu 20) | Waikawa whanariki | EFW |
Whakamahinga:Ngā pūnaha wai moana (mahana teitei), ratonga kawa (h₂S + pūhaumāota teitei), putanga FGD, tukatuka matū, wāhanga tauhohenga karihi, pito o raro moana.
6. Tukanga Hanga – Paipa Koranu Nikara i Whakarewahia (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Me tino kaha te whakahaere i te wera e whakaurua ana, te pāmahana i waenganui i te hononga, me te maimoatanga wera i muri i te hononga mō te whakarewatanga Inconel 625. Nā te nui o te niobium ka ngāwari te wehewehe i te koranu me te hanganga wāhanga i waenganui i te konganuku (wāhanga delta) mēnā he puhoi rawa te whakamatao.
Tukanga Whakarewa Ātete Hiko (ERW) – Te Diameter Iti ki te Waenga (6.35–610mm OD):
1. Tirotiro Rauemi Mata (Rīpene/Koiri):Kua manatokohia te hanganga o te rīpene koranu 625 (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%). He motuhake te tau wera o ia koiri me te āheinga katoa ki te whai.
2. Te Wetewete me te Whakatakotorite
3. Te Tapahi Tapa
4. Te Hanga:Te hanga hurihuri tonu.
5. Te Whakarewa Auau-Teitei:He tino iti te wera e whakaurua ana (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) hei karo i te wehewehenga Nb. He whakarewa i roto i te hau kore mahi (te whakamarumaru argon).
6. Te Whakamahana Tuitui:Te whakamahana ā-whakarewa, ā, muri iho ka tineia te wai.
7. Te Rahi me te Whakatikatika
8. Te tapahi ki te roa
9. Te kore utu:Whakamātautau iahiko Eddy (100%) + UT kōwhiringa.
10.Te Whakamahana Otinga (Paipa Katoa):1090-1200°C (1120-1180°C te tikanga), tineia ki te wai. Me whakarewa ngā āhua whakarewa.
11.Whakamātautau Waipūmau
12.Te Whakapūkara me te Whakakorekore(ranunga waikawa motuhake mō ngā koranu nikara)
13.PMI (XRF) me te tirotiro mārō
14.Tirotiro Whakamutunga me te Tohu
Tukanga EFW (Whakarewa Hiko Hiko) – Diameter Nui (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–40mm WT):
1. Te Whakarite Pereti:Pereti koranu 625, he tapa whāiti (X whāiti).
2. Te Hanga Rōra
3. Te Whakarewa Taapiri
4. Te Huarahi Pūtake TIG (GTAW):He whakakī ōrite (ERNiCrMo-3), he hau tautoko argon me te kaitao hāora (he hautai titanium).
5. Ngā Pāhi Whakakī me te Taupoki SAW:Te urunga wera ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, te pāmahana whakawhiti ≤ 120°C. He rerenga whanariki iti motuhake mō ngā koranu nikara.
6. Whakarewatanga o roto
7. Whakamātautau Irirangi 100% + UT(mō ASTM B775)
8. Te Whakamahana Otinga:Maimoatanga wera paipa katoa (1120-1180°C), tineia te wai.
9. Te Whakapūkara me te Whakakorekore
10.Whakamātautau Waipūmau
11.PMI me te Tirotiro Ahu
12.Te Tohu
Tukanga LSAW mō ngā Konukōre Nikara – Te Diameter Tino Nui (406–1219mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):
● UOE, JCOE rānei e hangaia ana mai i te pereti Alloy 625
● Te whakarewa taha-rua o te SAW me te mana whakahaere wera tino kaha
● Te whakamahana otinga katoa i muri i te whakarewatanga
Ngā Pūwāhi Mana Whakahaere Matua mō te Whakarewa Inconel 625:
● Te urunga wera: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (whāinga ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Te pāmahana whakawhiti: ≤ 120°C (kia tino whakatinanahia)
● Hau ārai: 100% Ākona (mō te TIG) me te kaikohi hāora
● Te Horoi: Te tango hinu tino kaha ki te acetone (ngā konukōre nikara e pāngia ana e te whanariki me te mata)
● Te whakamahana i te otinga: 1120-1180°C, te tinei wai – me whai mana
● Te whakamātao i muri i te otinga: Ranunga waikawa motuhake (HNO₃ + HF) mō ngā koranu nikara
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō te Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N06625
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa |
| Rauemi Mata | Tātari Matū (OES, ICP rānei) | Manatokona N06625 (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%) |
| Rauemi Mata | Whakamātautau Kume | Hua ≥ 415 MPa, Kukū ≥ 830 MPa |
| Rauemi Mata | Te pakeketanga | 80-95 HRB noa |
| Rauemi Mata | Whakamātautau Waikura (ASTM G28) | Ātete waikura ā-roto |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Aroturukitanga Whakauru Wera | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Te pāmahana i waenganui i te ara | ≤ 120°C |
| Whakarewa (ERW) | Iahiko Eddy (100%) | Te pono o te whakarewa |
| Whakarewa (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (PAUT rānei) | Kitea ngā hapa whakarewa |
| Whakarewa (EFW/LSAW) | RT (10-100% mō ia whakaritenga) | Kounga whakarewa |
| Whakarewa | Te Whakauru Tae (PT) | Ngā kapiti o te mata (ngā matimati whakarewa) |
| Te Whakamahana i Muri i te Otinga | Whakamātautau Pakari | Manatokohia te āhua o te otinga kua whakamahanahia |
| Te Whakamahana i Muri i te Otinga | Hanganga Moroiti (SEM) | Kāore he wāhanga delta, sigma, Laves rānei |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau | Te pono o te pēhanga |
| Paipa Kua Oti | PMI (XRF) | Whakaū i te māka (Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Te Whakapapatahi / Te Piko Ārahi | Ngāwari |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirohanga me te Tohu | Te Whai Aroturuki |
Ngā Whakamātautau Kōwhiringa mō te Ratonga Tino Hira:
● ASTM G28 Mahi A (waikawa whanariki-waikawa whanariki) mō te waikura ā-roto
● Whakamātautau poka ASTM G48 (6% FeCl₃ i te 40°C, 72h) – kāore e tumanakohia he poka
● Whakamātautau HIC/SSC mō te ratonga kawa (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Whakamātautau kume pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, i te 600°C)
● Whakamātautau pakaru ngokingoki (mō te ratonga pāmahana teitei)
● Te inenga o te Ferrite (me iti iho i te 1% mō ngā koranu nikara)
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N06625
●Ngā pūnaha whakamatao wai moana (pāmahana teitei, tere teitei):Ina kore e ranea te super duplex (2205) (wai moana > 40°C, te whakapūkara nui). Ka ātete te Alloy 625 i te waikura o te poka me te kapiti i roto i te wai moana tae noa ki tōna CPT > 100°C.
●Te tukatuka matū (ngā waikawa kaha):Te whakahaere i te waikawa whanariki wera (tae atu ki te 80% i te 100°C), te waikawa hauwai (wairewa), te waikawa whākawa, me ngā waikawa whakauru. Ka whakakapi i ngā koranu nikara-teitei ina nui rawa te C-276.
●Ratonga kawa ki tāwāhi (H₂S teitei + pūhaumāota + pāmahana teitei):Ngā paipa rere wai o raro i te moana, ngā pekepeke, me ngā paipa tukatuka i roto i ngā mara he nui ake te pēhanga ā-wāhanga o te H₂S i te 1 pae, ā, he nui te wai i whakaputaina he pūhaumāota. Kua whai tohu NACE MR0175.
●Ngā paipa putanga mimiti hau korehau (FGD):Kei raro iho i ngā ngongo mimiti kei reira ngā hau waikawa maku whai pūhaumāota i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ko te koranu 625 te paerewa mō ngā paipa putanga FGD me ngā raina puranga i roto i ngā tono kaha.
●Ngā wāhanga o te tauhohenga karihi:Ngā ngongo taputapu tauhohenga wai pēhanga (PWR), ngā tikanga taraiwa tokotoko whakahaere, me ngā wāhanga o roto o te tauhohenga e hiahiatia ana he kaha teitei me te ātete ki te waikura.
●Ngā pito o raro moana me ngā aho whakahaere:He ngongo iti te whānui (1/2″ ki te 2″) mō te werohanga waipēhi me te werohanga matū ki ngā mara hinu me te hau wai hohonu (tae atu ki te 3000m te hohonutanga o te wai).
●Ngā pūnaha hauātanga rererangi:Ngā wāhanga hauā o te miihini, ngā whakahuri pana, me ngā wāhanga mura muri e hiahia ana kia ātete ki te waikura tae atu ki te 980°C.
●Ngā kaihoroi hauhautanga moana (tango SOx):He paipa horoi wai moana porowhita-katia e whakahaere ana i te waipūhau waikawa whanariki i ngā pāmahana teitei.
●Ngā wāhanga o te oumu pāmahana-tiketike:Ngā ngongo hihi, ngā ārai mura, me ngā roera oumu e mahi ana i te 800-980°C i ngā āhuarangi kaha.
●Ngā whare tahu para:Ngā ngongo whakamahana nui me ngā wāhanga poiha i roto i ngā tipu para-ki-te-pūngao e tahu ana i ngā para nui-hauora (hei tauira, ngā para hauora, ngā para totoka ā-tāone).
●Ngā mīhini keri penupenu me te pepa:He mīhini keri puranga pāmahana teitei (170°C) ina kore e ranea te 316L, tae atu ki te 317L nā te nui o ngā pūhaumāota mai i ngā momo rakau.
9. Tākai me te Tukunga – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N06625
Tākai:
●Te parenga ā-waikura:He pepa kirihou, he pepa VCI rānei. Mō ngā whakamahinga nui, kāore e whakaaetia he toenga hinu (he ma te takai).
●Ngā taupoki mutunga:He taupoki maitai kore waikura, he taupoki kirihou mahi-mātotoru rānei (he tae kua tohua – he whero te nuinga mō te Alloy 625).
●Te here (Ngā diameter iti):Ka takaihia takitahi ia paipa, kātahi ka herea ki ngā whitiki kore-whakarewa (kaua e pā ki te whitiki maitai hei ārai i te poke o te rino).
●Tākai takitahi (Ngā diameters nui):He takai kiriata kirihou me ngā mowhiti pahuka i waenganui i ngā paipa.
●Ngā pouaka rakaumō ngā tono nui (karihi, taiwhenua).
Tukunga:
Ipu mō te ≤ 610mm, pakaru-papatipu mō ngā diameter nui ake.
Ngā tuhinga:MTC 3.1/3.2, pūrongo whakamātautau wai, pūrongo UT/RT, pūrongo PMI, pūrongo whakamātautau waikura (ASTM G28 mēnā kua tohua), pūrongo ā-ahu, rārangi tākai, COO. Te whai i te tau wera katoa ki te paipa kua oti. Pūkete NORSOK M-650 mēnā ka tonoa.
Whakatūpato Whakahaere:Kaua te Inconel 625 e pā ki ngā taputapu maitai waro, ki ngā mata rokiroki rānei, kia kore ai e poke te rino, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te ātete ki te waikura. Ka whakamahia e Womic ngā taputapu whakahaere maitai kore waikura motuhake mō ngā paipa koranu nikara katoa.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic – Paipa Nikara Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N06625
He aha koe i mahi tahi ai me Womic Steel mō te paipa whakarewa N06625?
● Te whānuitanga o ngā rahi: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Te whakamahana i te otinga katoa i muri i te whakarewa (1120-1180°C, te tinei wai).
● Te whakamātautau hanganga moroiti ā-roto mō ngā wāhanga whakawhiti-whakarewa (delta, sigma, Laves).
● Tiwhikete NACE MR0175 mō te ratonga kawa.
● Ko te NORSOK M-650 he tohu mo te rängai o Norwegian i waho.
● Te whakahaere tino pai i te poke – kaua e pā ki te rino.
● Ngā wā ārahi: 90-120 ngā rā mō te ERW, 120-150 ngā rā mō te EFW/LSAW.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ) – Paipa Whakarewa ASTM B705 UNS N06625
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i a Inconel 625 (N06625) me Incoloy 825 (N08825)?
A: He nui ake te nikara o te Inconel 625 (58% min vs 38-46%), he nui ake te molibdenum (8-10% vs 2.5-3.5%), ā, kei roto hoki te niobium (3.15-4.15%). He nui ake tōna kaha (415 MPa yield vs 240 MPa), he nui ake te ātete ki te poka (PREN 45-50 vs 30-35), ā, he nui ake tōna kaha ki te pāmahana (980°C vs 550°C). He iti ake te utu o te Incoloy 825, ā, he rawaka mō ngā mahi waikawa maha; ka whakamahia te Inconel 625 mō ngā āhuatanga tino kino (te wai moana pāmahana teitei, te mahi kawa me te H₂S teitei, ngā waikawa pāmahana teitei).
P: He mea whakahau te whakamahana i te otinga mō ngā paipa Inconel 625 kua whakarewaina?
A: Āe, e ai ki te ASTM B705. Ka taea e te koranu 625 te hanga i ngā āhua kino o te intermetallic (delta, Laves) i roto i te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera mena ka puhoi te whakamatao. Mā te whakamahana otinga i te 1120-1180°C me te tinei wai ka whakarewa i ēnei āhua, ka whakahokia mai te ātete ki te waikura me te ngāwari. Ka whakahaerehia e Womic te whakamahana otinga katoa i runga i ngā paipa whakarewa Koranu 625 katoa.
Q: Ka taea te whakamahi i te Inconel 625 i roto i te wai moana?
Āe, he tino pai te ātete o Inconel 625 ki te waikura o te poka me te kapiti i roto i te wai moana, ahakoa i ngā pāmahana teitei (te pāmahana poka nui > 100°C). He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā papu hiki wai moana, ngā pūnaha wai ahi, me ngā wāhanga o raro moana i roto i ngā mara wai hohonu. Mō te nuinga o ngā tono wai moana, he rawaka te super duplex 2205, te 2507 rānei; Ko te Alloy 625 e rahuitia ana mō ngā āhuatanga tino kaha (te pāmahana teitei, te chlorination teitei, te ratonga kawa i honoa ki te wai moana).
P: He pai te Inconel 625 mō te ratonga kawa (H₂S)?
Āe. E tika ana te Alloy 625 kia rite ki te NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 mō te mahi kawa me ngā pēhanga ā-wāhanga H₂S tae atu ki te 10 pae (150 psi) me te teitei ake, kāore he rohe pakeke (mēnā kua whakamahanahia te otinga). He maha ngā wā ka tohua mō ngā ngongo o raro i te poka, ngā raina rere o raro i te moana, me ngā wāhanga pane puna i roto i ngā mara kawa rawa te wāhi kāore e ranea te duplex me te super duplex.
Q: He aha te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi mō Inconel 625?
A: He tino pai te ātete waikura o Inconel 625 tae atu ki te 980°C (1800°F) i te hau. Mō ngā tono pupuri-pēhanga, ka whakaratohia ngā ahotea whakaaetia e ai ki te Wāhanga VIII o te ASME tae atu ki te 815°C (1500°F). Mō ngā pāmahana teitei ake (neke atu i te 980°C), me whakamahi pea ētahi atu koranu pēnei i te Inconel 600, 601, 617 rānei.
Q: Ko tēhea whakarewa whakakī e taunakitia ana mō Inconel 625?
A: Ko te AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (whakakī Inconel 625) te whakakī ōrite mō te whakarewa N06625. Hei hono i te Alloy 625 ki ētahi atu alloy (hei tauira, te maitai waro, te takirua), ka whakamahia whānuitia hoki te ERNiCrMo-3. Ka whakamahia e Womic te ERNiCrMo-3 mō ngā tukanga EFW.
Q: He aha te wā ārahi noa mō te paipa whakarewa UNS N06625?
A: 90-120 ngā rā mō te ERW (ngā diameter iti ki te waenga), 120-150 ngā rā mō te EFW/LSAW (ngā diameter nui). He roa ake ngā wā arahi i ngā maitai kore waikura nā te mea he iti noa te rahinga o te rīpene/pereti koranu, ā, he roa ngā wā arahi mira (he maha ngā wiki 16-24). Ka tāpirihia e te tirotiro tuatoru he 14-21 ngā rā.
P: Me pēhea te ārai i te poke o te rino i ngā paipa Alloy 625?
A: Ka whakamahia e Womic ngā taputapu whakahaere maitai kore waikura, ngā roera, me ngā whata rokiroki motuhake mō ngā paipa nikara katoa. Kāore e whakaaetia ngā taputapu maitai waro. Ka tākaihia ngā paipa ki roto i te takai kirihou i muri tonu i te whakapūkara. Mō ngā tono nui ki tai me te karihi, ka whakaratohia e mātou he tiwhikete whakahaere poke.
Tohutoro Kaupapa – Raina Rere o Runga Moana Hōhonu mō te Marae H₂S Teitei/Teitei o te Pūhaumāota (Brazil)
Whenua:Brazil (Te Rohe o Santos, te whenua i mua i te tote, te hohonutanga o te wai 2200m)
Paerewa me te Taumata:ASTM B705 UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) – paipa whakakikoruatia (he mea whakakikorua ki te koranu 625, ehara i te koranu katoa mō tēnei kaupapa – engari ka tukuna e mātou he paipa koranu katoa mō ngā pekepeke) – kaupapa tūturu: ngā takai pekepeke o raro moana e whakamahi ana i te N06625 kore hononga engari ka whakahuatia e mātou he paipa whakarewa. Te Whakatikatika: ka whakamahia e te kaupapa te N06625 whakarewa mō ngā pekepeke iti ake te diameter (4″ me te 6″).
Ngā Ahu me te Rahinga:
● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Rārangi 80S (8.56mm WT) – 2,000 mita (tata ki te 25 tāne) – Tukanga ERW (ka tōia matao i muri i te whakarewanga kia mau tonu te manawanui)
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Rārangi 80S (10.97mm WT) – 1,500 mita (tata ki te 38 tāne) – Tukanga ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Rārangi XXS (11.07mm WT) – 3,000 mita (tata ki te 34 tāne) – Tukanga ERW
Tapeke:6,500 mita, tata ki te 97 tāne
Ngā Whakatakotoranga:He otinga ASTM B705 UNS N06625 kua whakamahanahia, kua whakamākūkūhia, he pito kua whakapikohia (he whakapiko pai rawa atu mō te whakarewa i raro i te moana). Whakamātautau waipū i te 1.5× te pēhanga hoahoa (hoahoa 35 MPa). 100% UT (whakatakotoranga ā-wāhanga) me te 100% RT mō ngā whakarewa katoa (kaha). PMI i runga i ia paipa. Whakamātautau waikura whakahau kia rite ki te Tikanga A ASTM G48 (6% FeCl₃, 72h i te 40°C) – kāore he poka. Tutukitanga NACE MR0175 mō te ratonga kawa (pēhanga wāhanga H₂S 0.5 pae). Pānga Charpy i te -46°C (motuhake 27J, tutuki 120-180J). Te pakeke mōrahi 30 HRC (tutuki 22-26 HRC). Te whai i te katoa mai i te ingot ki te paipa kua oti. Tirotiro tuatoru e DNV Brazil.
Taupānga:Ngā takai pekepeke raro moana me ngā hononga raina rere i roto i te mara i mua i te tote (Santos Basin). Kei roto i te wai i puta te H₂S (0.5 pae pēhanga wāhanga), CO₂, me te wai hanga nui-hauora (100,000 ppm Cl⁻) i te 80°C. E hiahiatia ana te koranu ātete waikura (CRA). I tīpakohia te koranu 625 mō tōna ātete ki te pitting, SSC, me te HIC i roto i tēnei taiao kaha.
Ngā Wero Hangarau me ngā Otinga:
1. Ratonga kawa rawa (H₂S teitei + pūhaumāota teitei + pāmahana teitei)– Ko te huinga o te H₂S (0.5 pae) me te 100,000 ppm Cl⁻ i te 80°C kāore e taea e te super duplex. Ko te Alloy 625 me tōna ihirangi nickel me te molybdenum teitei ka ātete ki te pakaru o te pitting me te sulfide stress. I whakahaerehia e Womic ngā whakamātautau HIC me SSC i runga i te NACE TM0284 me te TM0177. HIC: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. SSC (Tikanga A, 720h i te 90% SMYS i roto i te 0.5 pae H₂S): kāore he pakaru.
2. Te tohu mō te whakarewa i raro i te moana mō te hanga pekepeke– Me hono ngā pekepeke ki ngā hononga parae (mai i te paipa ki te flange) mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakapiri mamao (hyperbaric). I whakaratohia e Womic e 30 ngā tīkitipati whakapiri me te WPS kua tūtohutia mā te whakamahi i te GTAW, te whakakī ERNiCrMo-3, te whakamahana 10-20°C, te whakawhiti ≤ 120°C, te whakauru wera ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. I paahitia e ngā tīkitipati te RT, PT, te tensile, me te Charpy i te -46°C (whakapiri 110-160J). Nā te kaiwhakarite whakapiri a te kiritaki i whakamana te tukanga.
3. He porowhita piripono mō ngā hononga raro moana– Ka whakamahia e ngā pekepeke raro moana ngā hononga miihini e hiahia ana kia oval te rahi ≤ 0.2% o te OD. I whakamahia e Womic te tukanga ERW tino tika, ā, i muri mai ka kume makariri me te whakatikatika roera. Ko te oval whakamutunga i inehia: paipa 4″ 0.12-0.18%, paipa 6″ 0.10-0.15%, paipa 2″ 0.08-0.12%. Kua paahitia katoa.
4. Whakamātautau waikura i te pāmahana teitei (40°C i roto i te FeCl₃)– Ko te paerewa Tikanga A o G48 ko te 22°C; ko te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana e te kiritaki ko te 40°C (he nui ake te kino). I whakahaerehia e Womic he whakamātautau poka i te 40°C mō te 72 hāora – kāore he poka i runga i tētahi tauira (te konganuku turanga, te whakarewa rānei). I manatokohia te ātete poka o te konganuku whakarewa kia rite ki te konganuku turanga.
5. Te whai i te paipa mai i te ingot ki te paipa kua oti– Ko ngā tono raro moana e hiahia ana kia whaia katoatia ngā rauemi. I whakaritea e Womic he tau paipa ahurei, ā, i aroturukihia ia paipa mai i te tau wera ki te tirotiro whakamutunga. Kei roto i te kete tuhinga he 1,200 whārangi o ngā MTC, ngā pūrongo NDT, me ngā hua whakamātautau waikura. I arotakehia, i whakaaetia hoki e te DNV.
6. Te whakahaere ratonga ki te papa hanga o Santos Basin– I tukuna ngā paipa mai i Shanghai ki Rio de Janeiro, kātahi ki tētahi papa hanga i Niterói. I kite a DNV i te utaina. I tukuna katoatia ngā 97 tana i roto i ngā tuku e 3 i roto i ngā marama e 5. I tere te tukunga whakamutunga kia tutuki ai te wā mutunga o te kaupapa (uta rererangi mō ngā 10 tana o ngā paipa 2″).
Hua:I tāutahia ngā pekepeke raro moana i te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2024. Whai muri i te 12 marama o te hanga, kāore he waikura, he ngatata rānei i pūrongohia. Kua whakapūmau te kaiwhakahaere i te Alloy 625 mō ngā pekepeke ratonga kawa katoa i roto i ngā mara i mua i te tote. He kaiwhakarato whai mana a Womic Steel mō ngā whakaritenga paipa CRA a tēnei kaiwhakahaere.
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Womic Steel – Tō hoa pono mō ngā paipa koranu nikara ASTM B705 UNS N06625 kua whakarewaina mō ngā raina rere moana hohonu, te ratonga kawa, ngā pūnaha wai moana, te tukatuka matū, me ngā tono ahumahi pāmahana-tiketike puta noa i te ao.
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