1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He maha ngā raina whakaputa LSAW a Womic Steel Group e kapi ana i ngā tikanga hanga matua e toru me ngā āheinga pakitara taumaha motuhake. Ko te hanga X65 me whai tukatuka matatau e whakahaeretia ana te wera-ā-tinana (TMCP) o ngā pereti me te whakahaere tika i te whakauru wera i te wā whakarewa.
● Raina JCOE:Mō ngā diameter 406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 50.8mm. Te hanga JCO taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa me te whakawhānui miihini. He pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono raina matua X65 o uta.
●Raina UOE:Mō ngā diameter 508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 40mm. Ka hangaia he U, kātahi ka hangaia he O me te whakawhānui waipēhi. Ko te tika o ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu (±0.2% OD), he pai ake mō ngā paipa wai hohonu, ngā ara piki, me ngā ratonga wai māori.
●Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi):Mō ngā diameter 600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 25mm ki te 70mm. He pereti kotahi ka hurihia hei rango. He pai mō ngā paipa pakitara taumaha X65 e hiahia ana ki te ātete nui ki te hinga.
●Pereti Hurihuri (Tuitui Takirua):Mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 50.8mm ki te 80mm, e rua ngā pereti i whakapirihia kia roa. Whakamahia mō ngā paipa CO₂ pēhanga tino teitei me te werohanga wai.
Neke atu i te 300,000 tāne te tapeke o te kaha LSAW i ia tau, ā, neke atu i te 70,000 tāne te hanga motuhake o te X65 i ia tau. Kei a Womic Steel te API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, ā, e arotakehia ana e ABS, DNV, TÜV, me BV i ia wā. He rekoata o te ao i roto i te 80+ whenua me te neke atu i te 1,200 km o ngā paipa X65 e tukuna ana.
Ngāwari o te Whakaputa:
●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m
●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m (whanuitanga ā-mīhini, porowhita ±0.2%)
●Pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WT × ≤ 12m
●Pereti hurihuri (tuitui takirua): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm WT × ≤ 12m
Ka taea te tuku i ngā paipa X65 katoa ki te PWHT (maimoatanga wera muri-whakarewa) mō te pakitara matotoru, te mahi kawa rānei. Kei te wātea ngā whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti tae atu ki te -46°C me te -60°C.
2. API 5L X65: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te API 5L X65 (L450) he paipa raina kaha-teitei e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tuku hau pēhanga-teitei tawhiti me ngā paipa wai hohonu ki tai. Ko te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 450 MPa (65,300 psi) me te kaha kume o te 535 MPa (77,600 psi). Ka hangaia te X65 mā te whakamahi i te hurihuri whakahaere (TMCP) me te microalloying (Nb, V, Ti, he maha ngā wā me te Mo mō te ratonga kawa) hei whakatutuki i te hanganga moroiti ferrite acicular pai, bainitic rānei.
Hanganga Matū (Tātaritanga Koro, % mōrahi mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | API 5L X65 PSL1 (mōrahi %) | API 5L X65 PSL2 (mōrahi %) | Ratonga Kawa (whāinga noa) |
| C | 0.22 (noa 0.08-0.10) | 0.12 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | 1.60 | 1.60 | ≤ 1.50 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.15-0.40 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 | ≤ 0.025 |
| Mo | Kāore i tohua | Kāore i tohua | ≤ 0.30 (mō te kawa) |
| CEV | Kāore i tohua | ≤ 0.43 | ≤ 0.40 (noa ≤ 0.38) |
Mō te ratonga kawa, ka pupuri a Womic i te CEV ≤ 0.40%, ā, ka whakamahi i ngā pereti waro-iti, konupora-iti, whanariki-iti me te maimoatanga konupūmā hei whakahaere āhua whakauru.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma):
| Taonga | API 5L X65 PSL1 | API 5L X65 PSL2 |
| Kaha Hua (min) | 450 MPa (65,300 psi) | 450–600 MPa |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 535 MPa (77,600 psi) | 535–760 MPa |
| Te roa (min) | 19% (mō te ine 50mm) | 19% |
| Ōwehenga Hua (mōrahi) | Kāore i tohua | 0.93 |
| Te pakeketanga (mōrahi) | Kāore i tohua | 90 HRB (kawa: 85 HRB noa) |
| Te Pakari o te Pānga (min) | Kāore e hiahiatia | 27 J @ 0°C (whiringa -20°C, -40°C, -46°C) |
Te whakataurite ki te X60 me te X70:
| Tau | MPa Hua | MPa kume | Ōwehenga Hua | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| X60 | 415 | 520 | ≤ 0.93 | Hau pēhanga teitei, kei uta |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Te pēhanga tino teitei, te wai hohonu |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | ≤ 0.93 | Te pēhanga tino teitei, tawhiti roa |
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (me ISO 3183 L450, DNV-OS-F101 L450 hoki) |
| Ngā Tukanga Hanga | JCOE, UOE, pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi/takirua) |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Pereti hurihuri: 25mm – 70mm (tae atu ki te 80mm te rahi e hiahiatia ana) |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m, 12m, 18m; Whakaroa: tae atu ki te 24m (JCOE/UOE) 12m rānei (pereti hurihuri) |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE), Pito Whakapiko (BE) mō ia API 5L (piko 30°, mata pakiaka 1.6mm) |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga, Hinuhia, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Epoxy Tā Waro, Epoxy Wai |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±0.5% ±3.2mm rānei (ko te mea iti iho); Taumaha: -0% / +15%; Roa: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana – Paipa Rino API 5L X65 LSAW (Ngā Rahi Noa kua Tīpakohia)
| Ō (mm) | Ngā Kōwhiringa Taumaha (mm) | Tukanga | Taumaha Tata (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Ngā rārangi taha hau |
| 324 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | JCOE | 62.4 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Te kohikohinga hau |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 181.4 | 12m / 18m | Ngā raina pūtu |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | UOE | 122.8 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Hau pēhanga teitei |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | UOE | 184.2 – 401.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Ngā raina matua o te pūngao hau |
| 711 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0, 30.0 | JCOE/UOE | 240.7 – 503.8 | 12m / 18m | Hau whakawhiti whenua |
| 813 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0, 35.0 | JCOE | 314.4 – 671.4 | 12m / 18m | Kaweake ki tāwāhi |
| 914 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0, 40.0 | JCOE | 419.5 – 862.0 | 12m / 18m | Hau wai hōhonu |
| 1,016 | 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | JCOE/Rokiroki | 539.2 – 1,191.7 | 12m | Wai tino hohonu |
| 1,220 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Hurihia (takitahi) | 748.4 – 1,577.8 | 12m | Ngā paipa o te Ātiki |
| 1,422 | 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 | Hurihia (takitahi) | 1,030 – 2,016 | 12m | CO₂ pēhanga teitei |
| 1,600 | 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Pōkairua (takirua) | 1,350 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Kaupapa motuhake |
*Me whakamahi PWHT ngā paipa X65 pakitara taumaha (≥ 25mm mō te ratonga kawa, ≥ 32mm mō te kore-kawa). Me whakamahi Charpy i te pānga i te -20°C, i raro iho rānei, me te whakamātautau CTOD mō te X65 mō te wai hohonu.*
5. Ngā Paerewa me ngā Taumata Noa – Paipa Raina LSAW me te Paipa Hanganga
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino | Te Whakamahinga Noa | Tukanga Hanga |
| API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X65, X70 | Te tuku hinu/hau | JCOE/UOE/Rōia |
| API 5L PSL2 (kawa) | X65, X70 | Ratonga kawa (H₂S) | UOE + PWHT |
| ISO 3183 | L450, L485 | Ngā kaupapa o te ao | JCOE/UOE |
| DNV-OS-F101 | L450, L485 | Ngā paipa raro moana | UOE |
| EN 10217-1 | S355JR | Ngā ngongo pēhanga | JCOE |
| NORSOK M-120 | X65 | Papaaho o te moana | UOE |
| ASTM A671 | CC65, CC70 | Te pāmahana iti | Pōkaitia |
Whakarāpopototanga whakamahinga:Ngā paipa kaweake hau wai hohonu, ngā raina pūtake hau pēhanga teitei, ngā paipa ratonga kawa, ngā paipa CO₂ mō te CCS, ngā pū whakarunga raro moana, te tuku hau arctic.
6. Ngā Tukanga Hanga – LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Pereti Hurihia) mō te Paipa Rino X65
Me whakamahi ngā pereti TMCP (tukanga whakahaere wera-ā-tinana) me te whakahaere tino kaha i te whakauru wera i te wā e whakarewaina ana te SAW, kia mau tonu ai te pakari o te HAZ, e hiahiatia ana e te X65.
Tukanga JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WT):
● Mira tapa pereti (X, J rānei) me te tino tika ±0.5mm
● Te piko-mua o ngā taha
● Te hanganga raupapa JCO
● Te whakarewa i ngā taputapu (ngā taputapu kua wehea)
● Inner SAW (whakauru wera ≤ 2.5 kJ/mm mō X65)
● Te keri tuara
● KIWI O Waho (pāmahana maha-haerenga, pāmahana waenga-haerenga ≤ 200°C)
● Te whānui ā-pūkaha (1-1.5% OD)
● He pai mō te nuinga o ngā raina matua X65 o uta
Tukanga UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):
● Pēhi-U (2000-4000t)
● Pēhi-O (3000-6000t)
● Te whakawhanui ā-mīhini (48-72 wāhanga)
● Te whakarewa me te mana whakahaere whakauru wera
● He pai ake mō ngā paipa moana hohonu (±0.2% porowhita, iti te ahotea toenga)
Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi) mō te Pakitara Taumaha (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WT):
● Te piko 4-rōra ki roto i te rango
● KIHI maha-haere (pūtake, whakakī, taupoki)
● Me whai PWHT mō te matotoru o te pakitara ≥ 25mm mō te ratonga kawa
● Whakamahia mō te werohanga CO₂ pēhanga teitei me te wai
Maimoatanga Wera i Muri i te Whakarewa (PWHT):Mō te ratonga kawa X65, ka whakamahia te PWHT mō ngā matotoru pakitara katoa ≥ 25mm (e ai ki te tohu). Te pāmahana rumaki 580-620°C, pupuri mō te 1 hāora mō ia 25mm. Te tere whakamatao ≤ 200°C ia hāora. Te pakeke i muri i te PWHT: konganuku turanga 78-85 HRB, whakarewa 82-88 HRB.
Te Āheinga o te Mahana-Iti me te CTOD:Mō ngā mahi ki tai me te ātiki, ka tukuna e Womic te X65 me te pānga Charpy i te -46°C (iti rawa 27J, 100-150J noa) me te whakamātautau CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) e ai ki te BS 7448, ASTM E1820 rānei. Te uara CTOD noa: ≥ 0.25mm i te -20°C mō te konganuku whakarewa me te HAZ.
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō te Paipa Rino API 5L X65 LSAW
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa | Tukanga e tika ana |
| Pereti | Tātari Matū (OES) | Manatokohia te hanganga X65 | Katoa |
| Pereti | Ultrasonic (whakapiripiri) | Kitea ngā hapa o roto | Katoa |
| Pereti | Kukū (L+T) | Ngā āhuatanga miihini | Katoa |
| Pereti | Rahi o te witi (ASTM E112) | Kakano pai (ASTM 10+) | X65 PSL2 |
| I te wā e hangaia ana | Ahu (OD, porowhita) | Kia ōrite te āhua | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | 100% UT Aunoa (TOFD) | Kitea ngā hapa whakarewa | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | RT (wāhi/kī tonu) | Kounga whakarewa | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | MPI (matimati/ĀWHI) | Ngā kapiti o te mata | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | Te whakawhiti mārō (whakarewa, HAZ, BM) | Ratonga kawa | PSL2 kawa |
| Paipa kua oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau | Te pono o te pēhanga | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Te pakari o te pāmahana iti | PSL2 anake |
| Paipa kua oti | Te pakeketanga (HRB/HV10) | Te tutuki i te hiahia | PSL2 kawa |
| Paipa kua oti | Piko Arataki / Whakapapatahi | Ngāwari | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | DWTT (whiringa kore) | Te horapa o te whati | Ātiki |
| Paipa kua oti | CTOD (whiringa kore) | Te pakari o te whati | Moana-ā-moana/wai hōhonu |
Kōwhiringa mō te ratonga nui:
● HIC mō ia NACE TM0284 (Otinga A, B rānei, 96h)
● SSC mo ia NACE TM0177 (Tikanga A, 720h)
● Pānga pāmahana iti i te -46°C, -60°C
● DWTT i te -20°C, iti iho rānei (≥ 85% te horahanga kutikuti)
● CTOD i te -20°C, i te -46°C rānei (≥ 0.25mm)
● UT tinana katoa (kaua ko te tuitui anake)
Whakamātautau waikura (CO₂, wai tote)
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua – Paipa Rino API 5L X65 LSAW
Ngā paipa kaweake hau moana hohonu– Te hōhonutanga o te wai tae atu ki te 3,000m, te ātete ki te pēhanga o waho (tukanga UOE me te porowhita piri)
Ngā raina matua hau māori pēhanga teitei– Ngā pēhanga whakahaere tae atu ki te 15 MPa (2,200 psi), te whakaiti i te matotoru o te pakitara me ngā taumata iti iho
Ngā paipa hinu me te hau ratonga Sour– Ngā taiao kei roto ko te H₂S (PSL2 me te HIC/SSC, PWHT, te pakeketanga ≤ 85 HRB)
Ngā paipa CO₂ mō te hopu me te rokiroki waro (CCS)– Te kawe CO₂ pēhanga teitei, me te kaha pāmahana iti
Ngā ara piki me ngā raina rere o raro i te moana– Ngā tono hihiri e hiahia ana ki te CTOD me te whakamātautau ngenge
Ngā paipa hau o te Arctic me te permafrost– Te pānga pāmahana iti ki raro ki te -46°C, DWTT mō te whakahaere whati
Ngā raina werohanga wai pēhanga teitei– Te whakaora hinu kua whakarei ake, te pēhanga tae atu ki te 35 MPa
Ngā koropiko whakawhānui paipa– Ngā tono taumahatanga teitei e hiahia ana ki te hoahoa e hangai ana ki te taumahatanga (X65 me te ōwehenga hua kua tohua)
9. Tākai me te Tukunga – Paipa Rino API 5L X65 LSAW
He rite tonu ki ngā hua o mua, me te tiaki anō hoki i te paninga o ngā paipa X65 utu nui. Ka tākaihia ngā paipa ki ngā mea rakau kua whakakīia, ngā taupoki pito, me ngā putea kohu aukati waikura mō ngā haerenga roa ki te moana. Mō ngā kaupapa moana hohonu, ka aro nui ki te tiakitanga piko.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic – Paipa Rino API 5L X65 LSAW
He aha i whiriwhiria ai a Womic Steel mō te X65 LSAW?
● Ka tukuna e te tukanga UOE te ±0.2% OD porowhita – he mea nui mō te ātete ki te hinga wai hōhonu
● Ratonga kawa kua whakamanahia me te āheinga HIC/SSC me te PWHT
● Te pānga pāmahana iti ki raro ki te -60°C me te whakamātautau CTOD mō ngā mahi pakaru
● API 5L Monogram + whakaaetanga DNV mō te takutai moana
● Neke atu i te 1,200 kiromita o ngā paipa X65 e tukuna ana puta noa i te ao
● Tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mā DNV, ABS, BV, SGS, TÜV
Ngā Pātai Auau:
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te X65 me te X60 mō ngā paipa moana?
A: He 8% teitei ake te kaha whakaputa o te X65 (450 vs 415 MPa), ā, he angiangi ake ngā pakitara. Mō te wai hohonu (≥ 1,000m), he pai ake te X65 nā te mea he pai ake te ātete ki te hinga me te mahi ngenge. Heoi, me kaha ake ngā tikanga whakarewa o te X65, ā, he tairongo ake ki te pakaru hauwai. Mō te hohonutanga o te wai < 500m, he pai ake pea te utu o te X60.
Q: Ka taea e koe te tuku whakamātautau CTOD ki a X65 mō ngā pū whakaara tai?
Āe. Ka whakahaerehia e mātou ngā whakamātautau CTOD kia rite ki te BS 7448, te ASTM E1820 rānei i ngā pāmahana kua tohua (te tikanga -20°C, -46°C rānei). Ngā uara CTOD iti rawa: 0.25mm mō te konganuku whakarewa, 0.30mm mō te HAZ. Kua tukuna e mātou te X65 kua whakamatautauria e te CTOD ki北海me ngā kaupapa takutai moana o te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia.
Q: He aha te matotoru mōrahi o te pakitara mō te paipa X65 LSAW?
A: JCOE/UOE mōrahi 50.8mm, hononga kotahi mō te pereti hurihuri tae atu ki te 70mm, hononga takirua mō te pereti hurihuri tae atu ki te 80mm. Mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 50.8mm, me whai mana te PWHT. Nō nā tata nei mātou i tuku mai ai i te X65 1,016mm OD × 60mm WT mō te paipa CO₂ pēhanga-teitei.
P: Me pēhea te whakarite i te pakari o te HAZ mō te whakarewa mara X65?
A: Ka whakahaerehia e mātou te matū o te pereti (CEV iti, ≤ 0.40%), te wera e uru ana i te wā o te SAW (≤ 2.5 kJ/mm), me te pāmahana i waenganui i te whakawhiti (≤ 200°C). Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā taunakitanga mō te tohu tikanga whakarewa (WPQ) ki ngā kiritaki, ā, ka taea e mātou te tuku tauira pau whakarewa. Te pānga HAZ Charpy noa i te -20°C: 120-200J.
P: He pai te X65 mō te ratonga kawa (H₂S)?
Āe, engari me PSL2 me te CEV iti (≤ 0.40%), PWHT mō ngā matotoru pakitara katoa ≥ 20mm, te pakeke ≤ 85 HRB, me te whakamātautau HIC/SSC. Kua tukuna e Womic te ratonga kawa X65 ki te Middle East (30 ppm H₂S) me Kanata (hau kawa).
Q: He aha te roanga o te wā arahi mō te paipa X65 LSAW?
A: Paerewa X65 PSL1: 40-55 rā. X65 PSL2 me te ratonga kawa me te PWHT: 60-80 rā. Ka taea ngā ota tere (30-45 rā) mō ngā rahinga < 2,000 tana mena kei roto i te taonga ngā pereti.
Tohutoro Kaupapa – Paipa Kaweake Hau Moana Hōhonu o te Moana-a-Kiwa
Whenua:Nōwei (Te Moana-a-Kiwa, te rohe o te mara o Balder)
Paerewa me te Taumata:API 5L X65 PSL2 me te ratonga kawa me ngā whakaritenga CTOD
Ngā Ahu me te Rahinga:
● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 22.2mm – 28,000 mita (tata ki te 9,200 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga UOE
● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 25.4mm – 6,000 mita (tata ki te 2,300 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga UOE (he pakitara matotoru ake mō te wāhanga whakaara)
● OD 813mm (32″) × WT 30.0mm – 4,000 mita (tata ki te 2,500 tāne) i hangaia mā te pereti hurihuri kotahi te hononga (mō te huarahi ki uta)
Tapeke:38,000 mita (38 kiromita), tata ki te 14,000 tāne
Ngā Whakatakotoranga:Paninga 3LPP o waho (matotoru katoa 3.5mm) mō te mahi pāmahana teitei (110°C), pito piko 30° / 1.6mm te mata pakiaka me ngā parenga piko kowiri tira, whakamātautau wai i te 22.5 MPa (pēhanga hoahoa 17.0 MPa). Pānga Charpy whakahau i te -20°C (iti rawa 50J, tutuki 120-200J) me te -46°C (iti rawa 27J, tutuki 80-150J). Whakamātautau CTOD ia BS 7448 i te -20°C – whakaae: whakarewa whakarewa ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm. HIC ia NACE TM0284 (Otinga A, 96h) – whakaae: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. SSC ia NACE TM0177 – kāore he pakaru. I whakamahia te PWHT mō ngā paipa katoa nā te mahi kawa. 100% UT me te TOFD me te UT tinana katoa (kaua ko te tuitui anake). Tirotirohia e te hunga tuatoru DNV puta noa i te whakaputanga.
Taupānga:Paipa kaweake hau wai hohonu mai i te mara Balder (te hohonu o te wai 800-1,200m) ki tētahi taunga whiwhi i uta i Nōwei. Kei roto i te paipa 38 km te roa he wāhanga whakaara hihiri (2 km, 25.4mm te taumaha) me te huarahi ki uta mā roto i ngā whenua toka (4 km, 30mm te taumaha o te pereti hurihuri).
Ngā Wero Hangarau me ngā Otinga:
● Ātete ki te hinga o te wai hōhonu– Ko te hohonutanga o te wai tae atu ki te 1,200m ka pā ki te pēhanga o waho o te 12.5 MPa. Ko te paipa UOE 24″ × 22.2mm e hiahiatia ana kia tutuki te pēhanga hinga ≥ 25 MPa (tauwehenga haumaru 2). I hangaia e Womic ngā paipa UOE me te ovality ≤ 0.2% (i inehia i te 0.15-0.18%) me te ahotea toenga ≤ 35% SMYS. I whakahaerehia e mātou he tātari huānga mutunga kore (FEA) i runga i ngā tawhā hangahanga, ā, i whakamanahia mā te whakamātautau pēhanga hinga i runga i ngā tauira tauine-katoa e rua (i tutuki i te 28.5 MPa me te 29.2 MPa).
● Ratonga kawa me te H₂S teitei– Kei roto i te hau he 50 ppm H₂S i te pāmahana whakahaere 90°C. I whiriwhiria e Womic ngā pereti waro-iti (C ≤ 0.07%), konupora-iti (Mn ≤ 1.40%), whanariki-iti (S ≤ 0.002%) me te maimoatanga konupūmā. I puritia te CEV ki te 0.35-0.38%. I whakamahia te PWHT mō ngā paipa katoa (i rumakina ki te 600°C ± 10°C, puritia mō te 1.5 hāora). Te pakeke i muri i te PWHT: konganuku turanga 78-84 HRB, whakarewa 82-86 HRB, HAZ 80-84 HRB. I paahitia ngā whakamātautau HIC me SSC me te kore he pakaru.
● Te pakari o te whati CTOD mō te riser– Me kaha te pakaru o te wāhanga whakaara hihiri kia tu atu ai i te kawenga ngaru. I whakahaerehia e Womic te whakamātautau CTOD ki te konganuku whakarewa me te HAZ i te -20°C. Ngā hua: konganuku whakarewa 0.35-0.55mm (≥ 0.25mm e hiahiatia ana), HAZ 0.40-0.70mm (≥ 0.30mm e hiahiatia ana). I whakahaerehia hoki e mātou te Charpy pāmahana-iti i te -46°C (te toharite 110J). I kite a DNV i ngā whakamātautau CTOD katoa.
● Paninga pāmahana-teitei (3LPP)– Te pāmahana whakahaere 90°C, me te tihi 110°C i te wā kati. Ko te paerewa 3LPE (polyethylene) e herea ana ki te 80°C. I pania e Womic te paninga 3LPP (polypropylene) me te matotoru 3.5mm (paparanga o runga 2.5mm + piripiri 0.5mm + FBE 0.5mm). I paahitia e te paninga te whakamātautau wetewete cathodic i te 110°C (te radius wetewete ≤ 8mm i muri i ngā rā 28). I inehia te kaha kiri i te 110°C i te 60 N/cm (iti rawa 50 N/cm).
● Ngā ātete rahinga nui rawa atu mō te tāutanga rīra-whakatakoto– I tāutahia te paipa mā te whakamahi i te tikanga whakatakoto-rīra (he paipa i takai ki runga i te ipu rīra). Me whakahaere rawa te āhua porowhita (≤ 0.2%) me te teitei whakakaha whakarewa ≤ 0.5mm. I tutuki i te tukanga UOE a Womic te āhua porowhita 0.15-0.18%. I hurihia e mātou ngā taupoki whakarewa ki te teitei ≤ 0.3mm. I paahitia e ngā paipa katoa tētahi whakamātautau "whakahohenga" motuhake: 10 ngā huringa takai tauine-katoa, kāore he pakaru.
● Te Ratonga Whakahaere ki Nōwei– I tukuna ngā paipa mai i Shanghai ki Stavanger, Nōwei mā te kaipuke pakaru-rahi (he kaikawe paipa motuhake). I hiahiatia he takai ārai-hauota mō te whiti i te Moana-a-Toi i te takurua. I whakamahia e Womic ngā putea VCI (aukati waikura) me ngā whakamaroke kiripaka silica i roto i ngā taupoki pito. I tae mai ngā tana 14,000 katoa me te kore waikura, te pakaru rānei o te paninga.
Hua:I tāutahia te paipa kaweake hau o te mara Balder i te hauwhā tuatoru o te tau 2024. Ko te tāutanga rīra (nā tetahi kaimahi kirimana matua o tāwāhi) i kī kāore he pakaru o te tinana paipa, o te hononga whakarewa rānei i te wā e whakakoi ana me te whakatinanatanga. I paahitia e te 38 km katoa te whakamātautau pēhanga i runga i te papa moana. I tukuna e te kiritaki (he kaiwhakahaere nui nō Nōwei) he "Tohu Mahi a te Kaihoko" ki a Womic Steel, me te kī "he tino ōrite te āhua me ngā hua CTOD." Kua whakaaetia a Womic hei kaiwhakarato mō ētahi atu kaupapa here e rua o te Moana-a-Kiwa.
Whakapā mai:
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Womic Steel – Tō hoa pono mō ngā paipa API 5L X65 LSAW mō ngā paipa wai hohonu ki tai, ngā raina pūnga hau pēhanga teitei, ngā ratonga wai māori, me ngā tono Arctic puta noa i te ao.
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