1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He maha ngā raina whakaputa LSAW a Womic Steel Group e kapi ana i ngā tikanga hanga matua e toru me ngā āheinga pakitara taumaha motuhake. Me tino whakahaere te hanga X60 i ngā tawhā microalloying me te hurihuri nā te mea he kaha ake.
● Raina JCOE:Mō ngā diameter 406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 50.8mm. Te hanga JCO taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa me te whakawhānui miihini. He tino whai hua, he porowhita pai. He pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono raina matua o uta.
●Raina UOE:Mō ngā diameter 508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 40mm. Ka hangaia he U, kātahi ka hangaia he O me te whakawhānui waipēhi. Ko te tika o ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu (±0.2% OD), he pai ake mō ngā paipa wai hohonu me ngā ratonga waikura. Ko te UOE te tukanga pai ake mō ngā raina pūnga hau X60.
●Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi):Mō ngā diameter 600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 25mm ki te 70mm. Kotahi te pereti i hurihia ki roto i te rango me te kotahi te whakarewanga roa. He pai mō te matotoru o te pakitara nui atu i te kaha JCOE/UOE.
●Pereti Hurihuri (Tuitui Takirua):Mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 50.8mm ki te 80mm, e rua ngā pereti i whakapirihia kia roa. He mea whakamahi noa mō ngā paipa manifold pēhanga teitei me ngā tono arctic.
Neke atu i te 300,000 tāne te kaha katoa o te LSAW i ia tau, ā, neke atu i te 80,000 tāne te hanga motuhake o te X60 i ia tau. Kei a Womic Steel te API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, ā, e arotakehia ana e ABS, DNV, TÜV, me BV i ia wā. He rekoata o te ao i roto i te 80+ whenua me te neke atu i te 1,500 km o ngā paipa X60 e tukuna ana.
Ngāwari o te Whakaputa:
●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m
●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m (ka whakapai ake te whānui ā-ringa i te porowhita ki ±0.2%)
●Pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WT × ≤ 12m (te taumaha tae atu ki te 25 tana mō ia hononga)
●Pereti hurihuri (tuitui takirua): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm WT × ≤ 12m
Ka taea te tuku PWHT (maimoatanga wera muri-whakarewa) ki ngā paipa katoa mō te pakitara matotoru, mō te mahi kawa rānei. E wātea ana ngā whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti tae atu ki te -46°C me te -60°C mō ngā kaupapa Arctic.
2. API 5L X60: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te API 5L X60 (e kiia ana ko L415 i roto i te ISO 3183) he momo paipa raina kaha-teitei e whakamahia ana mō te tuku hau pēhanga-teitei tawhiti. Ko te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 415 MPa (60,200 psi) me te kaha kume o te 520 MPa (75,400 psi) ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te pakitara ki te whakataurite ki ngā momo iti ake. Ka hangaia te X60 mā te whakamahi i te hurihuri me te microalloying whakahaeretia me te Nb, V, me te Ti hei whakatutuki i te hanganga kiko pai.
Hanganga Matū (Tātaritanga Koro, % mōrahi mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | API 5L X60 PSL1 (mōrahi %) | API 5L X60 PSL2 (mōrahi %) |
| C | 0.22 (noa 0.10-0.12) | 0.12 (noa) |
| Mn | 1.60 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| CEV | Kāore i tohua | ≤ 0.43 (noa ≤ 0.40) |
Mō te PSL2, he tino whakahaeretia te ōrite waro (CEV). Ko te tikanga ka mau tonu te CEV o Womic i te ≤ 0.40% mō ngā tono ratonga kawa. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te microalloying me te Nb (0.03-0.05%) ka whakarato i te whakatikatika i te witi me te whakapakari i te ua.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma):
| Taonga | API 5L X60 PSL1 | API 5L X60 PSL2 |
| Kaha Hua (min) | 415 MPa (60,200 psi) | 415–565 MPa |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 520 MPa (75,400 psi) | 520–760 MPa |
| Te roa (min) | 20% (mō te ine 50mm) | 20% |
| Ōwehenga Hua (mōrahi) | Kāore i tohua | 0.93 |
| Te pakeketanga (mōrahi) | Kāore i tohua | 90 HRB |
| Te Pakari o te Pānga (min) | Kāore e hiahiatia | 27 J @ 0°C (whiringa -20°C, -40°C, -46°C) |
Te whakataurite ki te X52 me te X65:
| Tau | MPa Hua | MPa kume | Ōwehenga Hua | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | ≤ 0.90 | Pēhanga waenga-teitei, i uta |
| X60 | 415 | 520 | ≤ 0.93 | Ngā raina pūngao hau pēhanga teitei |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Te pēhanga tino teitei, te wai hohonu |
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (me te ISO 3183 L415 anō hoki) |
| Ngā Tukanga Hanga | JCOE, UOE, pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi/takirua) |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Pereti hurihuri: 25mm – 70mm (tae atu ki te 80mm te rahi e hiahiatia ana) |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m, 12m, 18m; Whakaroa: tae atu ki te 24m (JCOE/UOE) 12m rānei (taiepa taumaha pereti hurihuri) |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE), Pito Whakapiko (BE) mō ia API 5L (piko 30°, mata pakiaka 1.6mm) |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga, Hinuhia, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Epoxy Tā Waro, Epoxy Wai |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±0.5% ±3.2mm rānei (ko te mea iti iho); Taumaha: -0% / +15%; Roa: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana – Paipa Rino API 5L X60 LSAW (Ngā Rahi Noa kua Tīpakohia)
| Ō (mm) | Ngā Kōwhiringa Taumaha (mm) | Tukanga | Taumaha Tata (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Ngā rārangi taha hau |
| 324 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | JCOE | 50.2 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Te kohikohinga hau |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 181.4 | 12m / 18m | Ngā raina pūtu |
| 508 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | UOE | 98.6 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Hau pēhanga teitei |
| 610 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | UOE | 148.0 – 366.2 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Ngā raina matua o te pūngao hau |
| 711 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | JCOE/UOE | 215.3 – 471.7 | 12m / 18m | Hau whakawhiti whenua |
| 813 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0 | JCOE | 246.7 – 616.2 | 12m / 18m | Hau nui-rahi |
| 914 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0 | JCOE | 310.8 – 820.9 | 12m / 18m | Kaweake ki tāwāhi |
| 1,016 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0 | JCOE/Rokiroki | 394.6 – 1,078.2 | 12m | Hau wai hōhonu |
| 1,220 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | Hurihia (takitahi) | 563.0 – 1,304.2 | 12m | Ngā paipa o te Ātiki |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 | Hurihia (takitahi) | 875.1 – 2,016.8 | 12m | Pēhanga tino teitei |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Pōkairua (takirua) | 1,162 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Kaupapa motuhake |
Ko ngā paipa pakitara taumaha (≥ 32mm) me whakamahi i te PWHT hei whakaiti i ngā ahotea toenga. Ko ngā paipa X60 mō te mahi kawa me whakamahi i te pakeke ≤ 85 HRB (whāinga) me te whakamātautau HIC.
5. Ngā Paerewa me ngā Taumata Noa – Paipa Raina LSAW me te Paipa Hanganga
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino | Te Whakamahinga Noa | Tukanga Hanga |
| API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X60, X65, X70 | Te tuku hinu/hau | JCOE/UOE/Rōia |
| API 5L PSL2 (kawa) | X60, X65 | Ratonga kawa (H₂S) | UOE + PWHT |
| ISO 3183 | L415, L450, L485 | Ngā kaupapa o te ao | JCOE/UOE |
| DNV-OS-F101 | L415, L450 | Ngā paipa raro moana | UOE |
| EN 10217-1 | S275JR, S355JR | Ngā ngongo pēhanga | JCOE |
| EN 10219 | S355JRH, S355J2H | Ngā wāhanga hanganga | JCOE/Rokiroki |
| ASTM A671 | CC60, CC65 | Te pāmahana iti | Pōkaitia |
| NORSOK M-120 | X60 | Papaaho o te moana | UOE |
Whakarāpopototanga whakamahinga:Ngā paipa hau māori pēhanga teitei tawhiti, ngā paipa kaweake hau taiwhenua, te tuku hau ratonga kawa, ngā paipa arctic, ngā paipa teihana kōpeketanga, ngā paipa werohanga wai.
6. Ngā Tukanga Hanga – LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Pereti Hurihia) mō te Paipa Rino X60
Ka whiriwhiria e Womic Steel te tukanga tika i runga i te whānui, te matotoru o te pakitara, me ngā whakaritenga āhuatanga miihini. Me kaha ake te whakahaere i te wera e whakaurua ana ki te X60 i te wā e whakarewahia ana te SAW kia kore ai e ngohengohe te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera.
Tukanga JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WT):
● Mira tapa pereti (X, J rānei) me te tino tika ±0.5mm
● Te piko-mua (te whakapiko) o ngā taha ki te 1.5x te whānui o te matotoru o te pereti
● Te hanga āhua-J (pēhi poka) – te hautoru tuatahi o te porowhita
● Te hanga āhua-C (he raupapa o ngā mata) – te hautoru tuarua o te porowhita
● Te hanga āhua-O (te rango whakamutunga) – te kati i te hononga
● Te whakapiripiri i ngā hononga (ngā hononga ira i ia 300mm i te taha o te hononga)
● Waeine o roto (waea kotahi, waea maha rānei, ka whakahaeretia te whakauru wera ki te ≤ 3.0 kJ/mm mō te X60)
● Te keri whakamuri (te pewa waro hau, te huri rānei) kia uru katoa ai
● KIHI O Waho (maha-haerenga mō ngā pakitara matotoru, pāmahana waenga-haerenga ≤ 250°C)
● Te whānui ā-pūkaha (1–1.5% te pikinga o te OD, te whakapai ake i te porowhita ki te ±0.3%)
● He pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono raina matua o uta
Tukanga UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):
● Ka hangaia e te pēhi-U te pereti kia rite ki te āhua-U (2000-4000 tana te kaha)
● Ka kati te O-press ki te āhua porotaka (3000-6000 tana te kaha)
● Kaiwhakawhānui (ā-mīhini) ki te diameter me te porowhita whakamutunga (48-72 ngā wāhanga whakawhānui)
● He rite te whakarewa ki te JCOE engari he nui ake te kaha whakaputa
● He pai ake mō ngā paipa wai hohonu me te ratonga kawa nā te mea he porowhita pai ake (±0.2% OD) me te iti o te ahotea toenga
● Ko te UOE te tukanga pai mō ngā raina pūngao hau X60 nā te mea he rite tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha
Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi) mō te Pakitara Taumaha (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WT):
● Ka hurihia te pereti maitai kotahi ki roto i te rango mā te whakamahi i te mīhini piko 4-rōra
● Te takahurihuri i te taahiraa i te taahiraa: i mua i te takahurihuri, te takahurihuri mata, te takahurihuri whakaoti (15-20 ngā takahurihuri i te nuinga o te wā)
● He hononga whakaroa i whakapirihia ki te SAW (iti rawa kia 3 ngā haerenga: pakiaka, whakakī, taupoki)
● Kāore he whānui ā-mīhini (ka tutuki te porowhita mā te tika hurihuri, ±0.5%) noa
● He pai mō ngā paipa pakitara matotoru ina iti te kaha o ngā taputapu JCOE/UOE
● Me whakamahi PWHT (whakaiti ahotea) mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 32mm
Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Takirua) mō te Pakitara Tino Taumaha / Diameter Tino Nui (1,000–2,000mm OD, 25–80mm WT):
E rua ngā pereti i hurihia hei haurua-puoto, ā, i whakapirihia ki ngā hononga roa e rua
E whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa manifold pēhanga teitei, ngā penstock, me ngā paipa arctic
Kua tirotirohia ngā whakarewa katoa i te 100% UT me te RT
Maimoatanga Wera i Muri i te Whakarewa (PWHT):Mō te matotoru o te pakitara > 32mm, mō te ratonga kawa rānei (H₂S), ka whakaratohia e Womic te maimoatanga wera whakaiti ahotea i roto i te oumu raro-waka (tae atu ki te 12m te roa) mā te whakamahi rānei i te whakamahana ā-rohe. Te pāmahana rumakina 580-620°C mō te 1 hāora mō ia matotoru 25mm. Mō te X60, me āta whakahaere kia kore ai e wera rawa. Ko te pakeke i muri i te PWHT ka whakahaeretia ki te ≤ 90 HRB (≤ 85 HRB rānei mō te ratonga kawa).
Āheinga Pāmahana-Iti:Mō ngā kaupapa ā-arctic, ka tukuna e Womic ki a X60 te whakamātautau pānga Charpy i te -46°C (iti rawa 27J, te tikanga 80-120J) me te DWTT me te horahanga kutikuti ≥ 85% i te -20°C. Mā te hurihuri whakahaere o te pereti turanga ka whakarite kia pai te hanganga ferrite-pearlite.
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō te Paipa Rino API 5L X60 LSAW
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa | Tukanga e tika ana |
| Pereti | Tātari Matū (OES) | Manatokohia ngā rohe hanganga X60 | Katoa |
| Pereti | Ultrasonic (Tirotiro Whakakikorua) | Kitea ngā hapa o roto | Katoa |
| Pereti | Te kume (whakaroa me te whakawhiti) | Manatoko ā-mīhini | Katoa |
| Pereti | Te ine i te rahi o te witi (ASTM E112) | Kia tino pai te kakano (ASTM 10, kia pai ake rānei) | X60 PSL2 |
| I te wā e hangaia ana | Ahu (diameter, porotītaha) | Kia ōrite te āhua | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | 100% UT Aunoa (PAUT rānei me TOFD) | Kitea te korenga o te hanumi, te para, te porosity | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | RT (tūnga 10-100% i runga i ngā whakaritenga) | Manatoko kounga whakarewa | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | MPI (ngā matimati me te HAZ) | Ngā kapiti o te mata | Katoa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | Te whakawhiti mārō (whakarewa, HAZ, BM) | Manatoko ratonga kawa | PSL2 / kawa |
| Paipa kua oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau (mō ia API 5L) | Te pono o te pēhanga (85-100% SMYS) | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Te pakari o te pāmahana iti | PSL2 anake |
| Paipa kua oti | Te pakeketanga (HRB/HV10) – 3 ngā tohu | Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ratonga kino | PSL2 / kawa |
| Paipa kua oti | Piko Arataki / Whakapapatahi | Ngāwari | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | Tirohanga me te tohu | Āhua o te mata, te āheinga ki te whai | Katoa |
| Paipa kua oti | DWTT (whiringa kore) | Te whakahaere i te horapa o te whati | Ātiki/kawa |
| Paipa kua oti | CTOD (whiringa kore) | Te pakari o te pakaru mō te takutai moana | Wai hōhonu |
Kōwhiringa mō te ratonga nui:
● HIC mō ia NACE TM0284 (Otinga A, B rānei, 96h) – mō te ratonga kawa
● SSC mō NACE TM0177 (Tikanga A, 720h) – mō te taiao H₂S
● Pānga pāmahana iti i te -20°C, -40°C, -46°C, -60°C rānei
● DWTT i te -20°C, iti iho rānei, mō te hoahoa aukati whati
● Te mahere mārō whakawhiti-wāhanga katoa
● Whakamātautau CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) mō ngā pūwero tai moana me ngā paipa ā-arctic
Whakamātautau ultrasonic tinana katoa (kaua ko te tuitui anake) mō ngā paipa tino pono
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua – Paipa Rino API 5L X60 LSAW
●Ngā raina pūtake hau maori pēhanga teitei tawhiti– Te tuku hau puta noa i te whenua i ngā pēhanga tae atu ki te 15 MPa (2,200 psi)
● Ngā paipa kaweake hau ki tāwāhi– Mai i ngā papaaho taiwhenua ki ngā whakaurunga whiwhinga taiwhenua (he pai ake te tukanga UOE)
● Tukunga hau ratonga kawa– Ngā mara hau kei roto ko te H₂S (PSL2 me te whakamātautau HIC/SSC, kua whakamahia te PWHT)
● Ngā paipa o te Arctic me te permafrost– Ngā whakaritenga pānga pāmahana iti ki raro ki te -46°C
● Ngā paipa o te teihana kōpeke hau– Ngā paipa teihana pēhanga-teitei me ngā pito kua whakakikoruatia, kua whakarewaina rānei
● Ngā raina pūtake hinu mata– Te tuku hinu nui e hiahia ana kia kaha ake
● Ngā raina weronga wai hei whakarei ake i te whakaora hinu– Te wai pēhanga teitei tae atu ki te 35 MPa (pereti pakitara taumaha kua hurihia)
● Ngā pūwhakaara wai hōhonu– Ngā ara whakarunga hihiri e hiahia ana ki te whakamātautau CTOD me te hoahoa ngenge (tukanga UOE)
9. Tākai me te Tukunga – Paipa Rino API 5L X60 LSAW
Tākai:
● Ngā diameter iti (≤ 24″): Ngā paihere hexagonal, he maitai kua herea ki ngā parepare taha (3-5 ngā whitiki mō ia paihere)
● Ngā diameter nui (> 24″): Ngā paipa takitahi, wehea e ngā papa rakau me ngā papa rapa (iti rawa kia 2 ngā pūwāhi papa mō ia paipa)
● Ngā taupoki pito: Ngā taupoki kirihou, maitai rānei mahi taumaha (ngā pito piko e tiakina ana mai i te pānga me te paru)
● Parenga paninga: Mō ngā paipa paninga 3LPE/FBE, ngā mowhiti pahuka, ngā rau rapa rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga
● Ngā takai motuhake mō ngā tuku i te taha o te awa: Ngā putea whakamahana me ngā putea ārai-haukū tāpiri
Ngā tikanga tuku:
● Ngā waka pakaru-rahi mō ngā >500 tāne, ngā whānui nui rānei
● Ngā ipu 20 putu/40 putu mō ngā diameter iti (kua paiherea)
● Ngā whata papatahi, ngā ipu tuwhera rānei mō ngā roa rawa atu (tae atu ki te 24m)
● Utauta tereina mō ngā wāhi kua rāhuitia (tereina Haina-Ūropi, whakawhiti mā Kazakhstan, Rūhia)
Ngā tuhinga i whakaurua:
● Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (EN 10204 Momo 3.1, 3.2 rānei)
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Waipūmau
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (100% whakarewa + tinana kōwhiringa)
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Irirangi (mēnā kua tohua)
● Pūrongo Tirotiro Ahu
● Tiwhikete Paninga (mēnā kua pania)
● Pūrongo PMI
● Rārangi Tākai, Nama Tauhokohoko, Tumu Whakahaere Matua, Pire Utaina
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic – Paipa Rino API 5L X60 LSAW
He aha i whiriwhiria ai a Womic Steel mō te X60 LSAW?
●E toru ngā tukanga tautoko (JCOE, UOE, pereti hurihuri) e kapi ana i ngā diameter 219–1,600mm
●Ka tukuna e te tukanga UOE te ±0.2% OD porowhita – he mea nui mō te whakarewanga ā-mara aunoa o ngā raina pūtu hau
●Te kaha matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 70mm (tuitui kotahi) 80mm rānei (tuitui takirua)
●Te kaha o te oumu PWHT: 12m te roa × 3m te whānui
●Whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti ki raro ki te -46°C me te -60°C (karaehe arctic X60)
●Ratonga kawa kua whakamanahia me te whakamātautau HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
●API 5L Monogram + CE + tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)
●Whakahokinga tere: 35-50 ngā rā mō te ratonga paerewa X60 PSL1, 50-70 ngā rā mō te ratonga PSL2
●Ko te roa tae atu ki te 24m ka whakaiti i ngā hononga porowhita o te mara mā te 30-40%
●Neke atu i te 1,500 kiromita o ngā paipa X60 e tukuna ana puta noa i te ao, ā, kāore he rahunga e whakamahia ana.
Ngā Pātai Auau:
P: He aha i whiriwhiria ai a X60 i te X52 mō te paipa hau?
A: Ka tukuna e te X60 he kaha whakaputa 15% teitei ake (415 MPa vs 360 MPa), ka taea ai te hanga pakitara angiangi (he whakaiti 10-15% te nuinga) mō te whakatauranga pēhanga ōrite. Ka whakaitihia te taumaha me te utu o ngā rauemi, inā koa mō ngā paipa tawhiti. Heoi, me kaha ake ngā tikanga whakarewa mō te X60, ā, he tairongo ake ki te pakaru hauwai. Mō ngā pēhanga i raro i te 10 MPa, he maha ngā wā he iti ake te ōhanga o te X52. Mō ngā pēhanga i runga ake i te 12 MPa, e taunakihia ana te X60, te X65 rānei.
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i te X60 PSL1 me te PSL2?
A: He tino kaha ake ngā rohe matū o PSL2 (ina koa ko te iti iho o te C, P, S), he whakamātautau pānga Charpy e hiahiatia ana (27J @ 0°C, iti iho rānei), he 90 HRB te pakeketanga mōrahi, ā, me 100% UT o te hononga whakarewa (ko te UT ira anake e hiahiatia ana e te PSL1). Mō ngā raina pūnga hau e mahi ana i ngā wāhi taupori, i ngā pāmahana iti rānei, he maha ngā wā ka tohua te PSL2.
Q: Ka taea e koe te tuku tiwhikete ratonga māori ki a X60?
Āe. Ka tukuna e mātou te whakamātautau HIC (NACE TM0284) me te whakamātautau SSC (NACE TM0177) ki te X60 PSL2. Ko te tikanga whānui: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5% mō HIC. Ka whakamahia te PWHT mō ngā ratonga waikura katoa X60 ahakoa te matotoru o te pakitara kia mau ai te pakeke ≤ 85 HRB. Kua tukuna e mātou te ratonga waikura X60 ki ngā kaupapa o te Middle East me te Southeast Asia.
Q: He aha ngā whakamātautau pānga pāmahana-iti ka taea e koe te mahi mō ngā paipa arctic X60?
A: Ka taea e mātou te whakamātautau ki raro ki te -60°C. Ko ngā paipa hau Arctic noa e hiahia ana ki te pānga Charpy o te 27J iti rawa i te -46°C. Ko te tikanga ka eke a Womic ki te 80-120J i te -46°C. Mō te whakahaere horapa pakaru, ka whakahaerehia hoki e mātou te DWTT i te -20°C me te iti rawa o te 85% o te horahanga kutikuti. Tena koa tohua te pāmahana me te pūngao whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana.
P: Ko tēhea tukanga pai rawa atu mō ngā paipa tai moana o X60 – JCOE, UOE rānei?
A: He pai ake te UOE mō te taha moana nā te mea he pai ake te porowhita (±0.2% vs ±0.5% mō te JCOE) me te iti ake o te ahotea toenga. He mea nui tēnei mō te tu atu ki te pēhanga wai ā-waho (hinga) me te pono o te whakarewa porowhita mara i runga i ngā kaipuke takoto. He pai ake hoki te mahi ngenge a te UOE mō ngā waka whakaara hihiri. Mō te wai pāpaku (< 100m) i uta tata ki te takutai, e whakaaetia ana te JCOE.
Q: He aha te roanga o te wā arahi mō te paipa X60 LSAW?
A: Te wā arahi paerewa mō te X60 PSL1: 35-50 rā. Mō te X60 PSL2 me te whakamātautau ratonga kawa me te PWHT: 50-70 rā. Ka taea te tuku ota tere (25-35 rā) mō ngā rahinga iti (< 1,000 tana) mēnā kei roto i te taonga te pereti. Mō ngā ota tino nui (> 20,000 tana), ka roa pea te wā arahi ki te 90 rā.
Q: Kei te whakarato koe i ngā ratonga tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mō ngā paipa X60 LSAW?
Āe. Ka mahi tahi mātou me SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, me LR. Ka taea te tirotiro i tō mātou wheketere i te wā e whakaputa ana, me te mātakitaki a te māngai o te kiritaki. Ka tukuna e mātou ngā tiwhikete EN 10204 Momo 3.2 ina tonoa mai.
Tohutoro Kaupapa – Raina Pūnaha Hau Taiao Whakawhiti-Rohe o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti
Whenua:Rohe rohe o Myanmar – Thailand (paipa hau mai i te Moana-a-Toi o Martaban ki Thailand)
Paerewa me te Taumata:API 5L X60 PSL2 (ratonga kawa, me te whakamātautau HIC me te SSC)
Ngā Ahu me te Rahinga:
●OD 813mm (32″) × WT 19.0mm – 36,000 mita (tata ki te 12,600 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga UOE
●OD 813mm (32″) × WT 22.0mm – 8,000 mita (tata ki te 3,200 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga UOE (he pakitara matotoru ake mō ngā whiti rori/terewe)
●OD 610mm (24″) × T 15.9mm – 12,000 mita (tata ki te 2,400 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga JCOE (raina peka ki te tipu hiko)
Tapeke:56,000 mita (56 kiromita), tata ki te 18,200 tāne
Ngā Whakatakotoranga:Paninga 3LPE o waho (matotoru katoa 3.0mm) e ai ki te ISO 21809, pito piko 30° / 1.6mm te mata pakiaka me te parenga piko o roto, whakamātautau wai i te 15.0 MPa (pēhanga hoahoa 11.5 MPa). Pānga Charpy whakahau i te 0°C me te -20°C (iti rawa 27J, tutuki 90-140J). HIC mō ia NACE TM0284 Otinga A, 96h – whakaaetia: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5%. SSC mō ia NACE TM0177 Tikanga A, 720h – kāore e whakaaetia te pakaru. PWHT i whakamahia mō ngā paipa katoa me te WT ≥ 19.0mm. 100% UT aunoa me te TOFD mō te hononga whakarewa. Whakamātautau irahiko (RT) mō ngā tauira tohu whakarewa mara.
Taupānga:He raina matua hau māori whakawhiti-rohe e kawe ana i te hau mai i ngā mara o waho o te moana i te Moana-a-Toi o Martakan (Myanmar) ki tētahi taunga whiwhi hau i Thailand, kātahi ka haere tonu ki tētahi tipu hiko hau. Ko te wāhanga o uta e 56 kiromita te roa e whiti ana i ngā whenua ngahere maunga me ngā huringa teitei nui (tae atu ki te 400m), me ētahi atu whakawhiti rori nui e ono me ētahi whakawhiti tereina e toru.
Ngā Wero Hangarau me ngā Otinga:
●Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ratonga kawa mō te hau he iti nei te H₂S– Kei roto i te hau māori te 5-10 ppm H₂S i te pāmahana whakahaere 55°C. I whakahaerehia e Womic ngā whakamātautau HIC me te SSC i runga i ngā rota whakaputa 12. I paahitia katoa me te CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% mō HIC. Kāore i kitea he pakaru o te mata i roto i ngā whakamātautau SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h). I tutuki i a mātou tēnei mā te pupuri i te CEV ≤ 0.38%, te whakamahi i te PWHT mō ngā paipa WT 19.0mm me te 22.0mm katoa (ahakoa kāore te API 5L e hiahia ana ki te PWHT i raro i te 25.4mm), me te whakahaere i te whakauru wera whakarewa ki te ≤ 2.8 kJ/mm. I kite te kaitirotiro (BV) o te kiritaki i ngā whakamātautau katoa, ā, i whakamana i ngā hua.
●Whenua maunga me te piko roa teitei– Kei roto i te ara paipa ngā pari tae atu ki te 25 nekehanga. He uaua ake te piko o ngā paipa X60 i ngā pari iti ake nā te kaha ake. I whakaratohia e Womic ngā paipa he hononga kotahi tino roa (18m hei utu mō te 12m paerewa) hei whakaiti i te maha o ngā piko o te pari mā te 33%. I whakaratohia hoki e mātou he āhua piko motuhake (piko pūhui) e āhei ai te kore taunga ±3° i te wā whakarewa pari me te kore e whakararu i te kounga whakarewa. I puritia te porowhita ki te ≤ 0.3% (tukanga UOE) hei whakarite i te taunga tika i runga i ngā pari.
●Te kounga o te paninga 3LPE i roto i te taiao ngahere– He nui te haumākū (80-95% puta noa i te tau) me te oneone laterite whakakoi i puta ai he mōrearea ki te paninga. I pania e Womic he paninga 3LPE me tētahi atu paparanga patunga tapu 0.3mm. I kitea e mātou he 100% te kaha i te 7kV (5kV paerewa) ā, i inehia te kaha kiri i te 25°C me te 70°C (230 N/cm i te 25°C, 160 N/cm i te 70°C). I paahitia e te paninga te whakamātautau wetewete cathodic (≤ 8mm te radius i te 65°C, 28 rā).
●Ngā mahi whakawhiti-rohe me te uaua o ngā tikanga tuku iho– I tukuna ngā paipa mai i Shanghai ki te tauranga o Yangon (Myanmar), kātahi ka haria ki te taraka mō te 280 km ki te paipa e horapa ana ki te rohe o Thailand. Ka haere te huarahi mā roto i ngā pūwāhi tirotiro a te tari tāke e rua. I whakaritea e Womic ngā tuhinga motuhake mō ia whenua (puka Tiwhikete Takenga AK, puta noa i te ASEAN). I whakaritea hoki e mātou he here kawemai rangitahi hei karo i ngā whakaroa utu takoha. I whakamanahia ngā tāke tāke katoa e 18,200 tana i roto i ngā rā e 5.
●Te mana whakahaere wera whakarewa pakari mō te X60– He tairongo te HAZ a X60 ki te wera nui rawa e tomo mai ana, ka taea ai te whakangawari me te whakaiti i te pakari. I whakamahia e Womic he pūnaha SAW waea-rua me te aroturuki i te whakauru wera i ia haerenga whakarewa. Ko te whakaurunga wera toharite mō te whakarewa o roto: 2.2 kJ/mm, te whakarewa o waho: 2.5 kJ/mm (kei raro iho i te rohe 3.5 kJ/mm). I puritia te pāmahana i waenga i te haerenga ki raro i te 200°C. Te pakeke o te whakarewa whakawhiti i muri i te PWHT: te konganuku turanga 78-82 HRB, te whakarewa 82-86 HRB, HAZ 80-84 HRB – kei roto katoa i te rohe 90 HRB.
● Hua:I whakatūwherahia te paipa hau i te hauwhā tuatoru o te tau 2024. Kua paahitia e BV Myanmar te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru i ngā paipa X60 PSL2 katoa e 56 kiromita te roa. Kāore he hapa o te whakarewa i te wā o te whakarewa porowhita o te mara (neke atu i te 4,600 ngā whakarewa porowhita). Kua 12 marama te mahi a te paipa i te 10.5-11.0 MPa, kāore he turuturu, he pakaru paninga rānei. I whiwhi a Womic Steel i te tohu "Kaihoko o te Tau" mai i te kaiwhakatū EPC o Thailand mō te tukunga i te wā tika (i tukuna katoatia ngā 18,200 tana i roto i ngā rā 68) me te mahi kounga.
Whakapā mai:
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Waea / WhatsApp / WeChat:
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Womic Steel – Tō hoa pono mō ngā paipa API 5L X60 LSAW mō ngā raina pūnga hau māori pēhanga teitei, ngā paipa taimoana, ngā ratonga wai, me ngā tono Arctic puta noa i te ao.
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