Rauemi Matua (Rino Tautoko – maha ngā kōwhiringa):
Rauemi Matua (Rino Tautoko – maha ngā kōwhiringa):
● SA-210 Gr.C(ASME SA-210) – te kounga ngongo kōhua maitai waro
● SA-106 Gr.B(ASTM A106) – paipa maitai waro pāmahana teitei
●API 5L X52 / X60 / X65(API 5L PSL2) – ngā momo paipa raina mō te hinu me te hau
●ASTM A333 Gr.6(A333 Gr.6) – maitai waro pāmahana iti
●ASTM A335 P11 / P22(A335 P11/P22) – Te maitai koranu Cr-Mo mō te pāmahana teitei
Whakatakotoranga (whakatakotoranga CRA):316L (UNS S31603 / 1.4404) – he rino kore waikura austenitic waro iti, he tino pai ki te waikura CO₂, he pai te kaha ki te whakarewa, he ātete ki te waikura whānui me ngā waikawa ngawari, PREN 24 26
Awhe Rahi:OD 25 – 168 mm (whakapūtanga kore hononga) me OD 168 – 1219 mm (whakapiripiri wera + JCOE). Te matotoru o te pakitara matua 3 – 40 mm. Te matotoru o te hipoki 1.5 – 3.5 mm. Te roa kotahi tae atu ki te 15 m (kore hononga) 24 m rānei (whakapiripiri).
Tukanga:Te whakapūtanga wera (kore hononga) te hononga rōra wera rānei + te hanga JCOE (whakapiripiri). Te kaha kutikuti hononga whakarewa ≥200 MPa (whakapiripiri) ≥300 MPa rānei (kore hononga). 100% NDT, whakamātautau wai, whakatārewatanga, kume. Whakaotinga kua tāpirihia, kua whakakorengia.
Ngā Paerewa:ASME Wāhanga II Wāhanga A, API 5LD, ASTM A106/A333/A335/SA-210, EN 10216-2, EN 12952-2, NACE MR0175 (316L e tika ana ki te 60°C). Whakamātautau kia rite ki te ASTM E213, ISO 10893 10.
Ngā tono:Ngā pakitara wai kohua, ngā mea penapena moni, ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā paipa pāmahana iti, ngā raina werohanga CO₂, ngā kohikohinga hau māori reka, ngā paipa hono o te whare whakapai hinu, ngā paipa o te wheketere matū.
Womic Steelhe kaihanga ngaio o ngā paipa kua whakakikoruatia ki te 316L me te whānuitanga o ngā maitai tautoko. Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā otinga here whakarewa, ātete ki te waikura mō ngā tipu hiko, te hinu me te hau, te matū hinu, me te ratonga pāmahana iti. Kei te wātea ngā ine ritenga me te tirotiro tuatoru. Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō te whiriwhiri i te tohu me te whakatau utu.
1. He aha i whakamahia ai te paipa whakakikoruatia ki te raina 316L? Ko te raina CRA tino noa, tino maha ngā whakamahinga
Ko te 316L (UNS S31603 / 1.4404) tete koranu ātete waikura (CRA) tino whānuitia kua tohua mō ngā paipa whakakikoruatianā te mea he pai te ātete ki te waikura, te pai o te whakarewa, me te utu taurite. Ki te whakatauritea ki te 304L, ka tāpirihia e te 316L he 2-3% molybdenum, e whakapai ake ana i te ātete ki te pakaru i roto i ngā taiao kei roto he chloride.
Ngā kaha matua o te 316L hei whakapuru:
● Ātete tino pai kiTe waikura o te CO₂(ratonga reka)
● He ātete pai ki te whanariki waimeha, ngā waikawa waro, me ngā rerenga matū maha
● He iti ake te utu i ngā koranu takirua, takirua nui, nikara rānei
● He whānui te wātea, e mārama ana ki ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga
● Ko te putanga waro iti (≤0.03%) ka ārai i te whakararuraru i te wā e whakarewahia ana
● Ka taea te whakamahi tae atu ki te ~450°C i roto i te mahi waikura
He aha i whakakotahi ai i te 316L me ngā maitai tautoko rerekē?Nā te meangā whakaritenga ā-pūkaha me te ā-werarerekē:
| Rino Tautoko | Paerewa | Te Kaha me te Whakamahinga | Āhea te whiriwhiri |
| SA-210 Gr.C | ASME SA-210 | Ngā ngongo kōhua, ngā pakitara wai, ngā kaiwhakaora moni | Ngā tono mō te pūwero hiko me te pāmahana whakarewa ≤450°C |
| SA-106 Gr.B | ASTM A106 | Ngā paipa pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 425°C) | Ngā raina whakawhiti matū me te whare whakapai |
| API 5L X52/X60/X65 | API 5L | Paipa raina kaha teitei mō te hinu me te hau | Ngā paipa o uta/o tāwāhi, werohanga CO₂ |
| ASTM A333 Gr.6 | ASTM A333 | Ratonga pāmahana iti (-45°C) | Ngā paipa o te Ātiki, te huihuinga o te rohe makariri |
| ASTM A335 P11/P22 | ASTM A335 | Te pāmahana teitei, te ātete ki te ngokingoki | Ngā ngongo whakamahana nui, ngā pane pāmahana teitei |
Mā te whiriwhiri i te mea tikatautoko + whakakikoruai roto i te huinga, ka karohia e koe te tino whakaritenga (te utu mō te kaha koretake, te koranu rānei) te iti rawa rānei o te whakaritenga (te rahunga wawe).
2. Ngā Kōwhiringa Rino Tautoko + Whakakikorua 316L – Ngā Raraunga Taipitopito
2.1 SA-210 Gr.C / 316L (Pūwero me te Whakawhiti Wera)
| Tawhā | SA 210 Gr.C | Whakatakotoranga 316L |
| Te iti rawa o te hua (MPa) | 245 | 170 |
| Te iti o te kume (MPa) | 485 | 485 |
| Te pāmahana mōrahi (°C) | 450 | 450 (waikura) |
| Te tono matua | Ngā pakitara wai kohua, ngā kaiwhakaora moni | Te parenga waikura o te CO₂ |
Ngā inenga noa:OD 51-127 mm, Taumaha matua 5-12 mm, hipoki 1.5-2.5 mm.
Whakakapi:He maitai waro tahanga (ka ngawari ki te pakaru) he maitai totoka rānei 316L (he nui ake te utu, kāore e hiahiatia te kaha).
2.2 SA-106 Gr.B / 316L (Paipa Mahana Teitei)
| Tawhā | SA 106 Gr.B | Whakatakotoranga 316L |
| Te iti rawa o te hua (MPa) | 240 | 170 |
| Te iti o te kume (MPa) | 415 | 485 |
| Te pāmahana mōrahi (°C) | 425 | 400-450 |
| Te tono matua | Ngā raina whakawhiti o te whare whakapai hinu, ngā paipa tukatuka | Ratonga waikura ngawari / ratonga CO₂ |
Ngā inenga noa:OD 60-610 mm (kore hononga tae atu ki te 168 mm, kua whakarewaina ki tua atu). Te taumaha matua e ai ki te hoahoa.
2.3 API 5L X52 / X60 / X65 + 316L (Paipa Raina Hinu me te Hau)
| Tau | Te iti rawa o te hua (MPa) | Pai rawa atu mō |
| X52 | 360 | Pēhanga reo iti, ratonga CO₂ |
| X60 | 415 | Ngā paipa pēhanga reo-tiketike |
| X65 | 450 | Te pēhanga teitei, tawhiti roa |
Taupānga:Ngā paipa hau reka (kei reira te CO₂, he iti te H₂S), ngā paipa rere o te hinu whakaora-hinu whakarei ake i te CO₂ (EOR), ngā paipa wai whakaputa.
Te matotoru o te taupoki:Ko te tikanga he 2-3 mm.
2.4 ASTM A333 Gr.6 / 316L (Paipa Whakakikoruatia ki te Pāmahana Iti)
| Tawhā | A333 Gr.6 | Whakatakotoranga 316L |
| Te iti rawa o te hua (MPa) | 240 | 170 |
| Te pāmahana whakamātautau pānga | -45°C | Kāore e hiahiatia |
| Te tono matua | Ngā paipa o te Ātiki, te kohikohinga hau o te rohe makariri | Ārai i te pakarukaru pāmahana iti o te maitai waro |
Tuhipoka:Ka mau tonu te kaha o te 316L i ngā pāmahana iti; i te whakakotahitanga me te A333 Gr.6, ka mau tonu te pakari o te paipa kua whakakikoruatia ki te -45°C.
2.5 ASTM A335 P11 / P22 + 316L (Ratonga Cr-Mo Pāmahana Teitei)
| Tau | Kr (%) | Marama (%) | Te pāmahana mōrahi (°C) |
| P11 | 1.0-1.5 | 0.44-0.65 | 550 |
| P22 | 2.0-2.5 | 0.87-1.13 | 575 |
Tauira whakamahi:Ko ngā pane pāmahana teitei, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui, ngā whakamahana whare whakapai e hiahiatia ana he arai 316L mō te waikura o roto i te wai tukatuka, engari ko te kaha ngoki o waho e hiahiatia ana he koranu Cr-Mo. Ka tiakina e te arai 316L te mata o roto mai i ngā mea waikura, ko te P11/P22 e whakarato ana i te ātete ngoki.
Tuhipoka:Ka taea te whakahaere i te rerekētanga o te whānui wera; mā te here whakarewa ka kore e wehea i raro i te huringa wera.
3. Ngā Tukanga Hanga – Kore Tuitui (Tukunga) vs. Whakarewa (Rōra Wera + JCOE)
| Āhuatanga | Kore-tuitui (OD ≤168 mm) | I whakarewahia (OD 168-1219 mm) |
| Papa/peita | Papa hanga (ngongo – hanga) | Pereti herea korehau |
| Te hanganga tuatahi | Te whakaputanga wera | Pēhi JCOE, UOE rānei |
| Tuitui whakaroa | Kāore | Kotahi te tuitui SAW roa |
| Te kaha kutikuti here | ≥300 MPa | ≥200 MPa |
| Ngā Manawanui | Tino piri | API/ASME Paerewa |
| Te roa noa tae atu ki | 15 mita | 24 mita |
| Pai rawa atu mō | Ngā ngongo kōhua, ngā piko-U o te whakawhiti wera, te whānui iti | Ngā paipa tawhiti, ngā pūwero whānui |
Ka tukuna e ngā tikanga e rua hehononga whakarewae kore e pakaru i raro i ngā tikanga ratonga. Mō te nuinga o ngā ngongo poiha me ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera (≤6″), he pai ake te hononga-kore. Mō ngā paipa tuku (≥8″), he whai hua te huri wera me te JCOE, ā, kua whakamātauhia.
Ngā taahiraa tukanga noa:
1. Te whakarite i te pereti/paraihe whakakotahi (he paparanga 316L kei te taha o roto)
2. Hirihia mā te korehau hei ārai i te waikura
3. Te whakaputa wera (te huri wera rānei)
4. Te whakamahana (te whakamahana i te otinga 316L; te whakataurite / te whakamahana i te maitai tautoko)
5. Whakaotinga matao (tuhi, rahi rānei)
6. Te whakapūkara me te whakakorekore
7. 100% NDT (UT mō te here, te whakarewa, me te rōrahi)
8. Whakamātautau waipū
9. Te whakaoti me te tākai i te mutunga
4. Kaupapa Tirotiro me te Whakamātautau (He mea noa mō ngā maitai tautoko katoa)
Ka whakamahia e mātou ngā whakamātautau kia rite ki te paerewa e tika ana mō te rauemi tautoko me te whakatakotoranga o te paipa whakakikoruatia (API 5LD, ritenga rānei).
| Whakamātautau | Tikanga | Whānuitanga | Whakaae |
| Bond UT | Tinana katoa, ngaru kutikuti | 100% | Kāore he wetewete >50mm, katoa <2% |
| UT Roa | ASTM E213 / ISO 10893 10 | 100% | Kāore he haruru e taea te whakakore |
| Waipūmau | 1.5× te pēhanga hoahoa | Ia paipa | Kāore he turuturu |
| Kukume (tārai) | Ia A106/SA-210/API/ A333/A335 | Mō ia wera | Tutuki i te iti rawa o te māka |
| Te kaha o te kume (te kaha o te here) | Panahia, kutikuti mowhiti rānei | Mō ia puranga | ≥200 MPa (whakarewahia) / 300 MPa (kore hononga) |
| Te pakeketanga | HV10 | Matua + whakakikorua | 316L ≤200 HV; tautoko ≤ whakatakotoranga |
| Te whakapapatahi | ASME SA 450 | Mō ia puranga | Kāore he pakaru ki te 2/3 OD |
| PMI (316L) | XRF | Ia ngongo | Whakaūtia te koranu |
Ngā whakamātautau tāpiritanga mēnā ka tonoa:Te pānga o te karaka (te whakamuri i te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana), te waikura intergranular (ASTM A262 Practice E i runga i te 316L), NACE TM0177 / TM0284 mō te mahi kawa (ka whakaaetia te 316L tae atu ki te 60°C me te pēhanga wāhanga H₂S iti).
Tiwhikete:Paerewa EN 10204 Momo 3.1. Momo 3.2 me te kaiwhakaatu tuatoru (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS) e wātea ana mō te utu tāpiri.
5. Matatini Taupānga – Ko tēhea Rino Tautoko + 316L mō tēhea Ratonga?
| Taiao Ratonga | Rino Tautoko | Whakatakotoranga | Ngā Kōrero |
| Pakitara wai kohua (koretake) | SA-210 Gr.C | 316L | Ārai i te poka hāora, te horoi waikawa |
| Kaiwhakaora | SA-210 Gr.C | 316L | Te tiakitanga o te waikura pH iti |
| Whakamahana wai whāngai (ratonga reka) | SA-106 Gr.B | 316L | Te ātete whānui ki te waikura |
| Te kohikohinga hau māori CO₂ (i uta) | API 5L X52/X60 | 316L | Otinga hau reka paerewa |
| Raina werohanga CO₂ EOR (pēhanga teitei) | API 5L X65 | 316L | He kaha nui e hiahiatia ana mō te pēhanga CO₂ |
| Paipa hau o te Ātiki | A333 Gr.6 | 316L | Me whakamātau te pānga i te -45°C mō te tautoko |
| Raina whakawhiti o te whare whakapai hinu (400 450°C) | SA-106 Gr.B | 316L | Te pāmahana teitei waenga + te waikura o roto |
| He whakamahana nui/pane whakamahana pāmahana teitei | A335 P11/P22 | 316L | Te kaha ngoki mai i te Cr-Mo, te arai waikura |
| Ngā paipa matū pēhanga iti | A106 Gr.B | 316L | Paipa raina utu iti |
Mō ia huinga, ka taea e Womic Steel te āwhina i te whakarite i te matotoru o te whakakikorua (mai i te 1.5 mm ki te 3.5 mm) i runga i te āheinga waikura me te roa o te hoahoa (te nuinga o te 20-30 tau).
6. Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Whakapūmau Kounga me te Aroturukitanga
● Ko ia wera o te maitai tautoko me te 316L kua tuhia katoatia ki ngā tiwhikete EN 10204 3.1 a te kaiwhakarato.
● Ngā rātaka tukanga: te pāmahana whakaputa / hurihuri, te tūtohi pāmahana wā maimoatanga wera, te tātari kaukau pīkara.
● Ka whiwhi ia ngongo i ngā tau wera ahurei (ngā paparanga e rua) kua tāia, kua tāia rānei.
● Kei roto i te pūrongo tirotiro whakamutunga ngā tuhinga ā-ahu, ā-pūnaha, ā-wai, me ā-tirohanga.
● E puritia ana e mātou ngā tauira o ngā whakamātautau whakangaro (te kutikuti hononga, te kume) mō ngā tau 10.
Ka mihi atu mātou, ka tautoko hoki i a koeTirotiro a te Rōpū Tuatorui ngā wāhanga katoa. Ngā rōpū tirotiro noa: SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, LR. Mō ngā kaupapa e hiahia anaEN 10204 Momo 3.2, ka mahi tahi mātou me te tari, ā, ka tukuna ngā tiwhikete e ai ki tēnā.
7. Tākai, Tukunga me ngā Wā Arataki
Whakamutunga mata:Kua tāpirihia ki te wai, ā, kua whakakorengia (paerewa). Mō te rokiroki roa, ka taea te pania ki te hinu te mata o waho o te maitai waro. He koretake te mata o roto 316L – kāore e hiahiatia he hinu.
Te tiakitanga o te pito:Ngā taupoki kirihou (ngā taupoki maitai mō te pakitara taumaha).
Te whakakotahitanga:He whānui iti (≤88.9 mm) i roto i ngā paihere hex he maitai te here me ngā mokowā rakau. He whānui ake ngā whāriki takitahi.
Te whakapūtanga ipu:He ipu paerewa 20′, 40′ rānei mō ngā roa ≤12 m. He whata tuwhera, he whata papatahi rānei mō ngā diameter roa ake.
Ngā tauranga moana:FOB Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao (tētahi atu tauranga rānei i Haina). CIF/CFR ki ngā tauranga o te ao.Ngā wā ārahi e matapaetia ana (te ota tuatahi):
● SA-210 Gr.C / 316L: 12-14 wiki
● SA-106 Gr.B / 316L: 12-14 wiki
● API 5L X52-X65 / 316L: 14-16 wiki (te kimi rauemi paipa raina)
● A333 Gr.6 / 316L: 14-16 wiki
● A335 P11/P22 / 316L: 16-20 wiki (te kimi rauemi koranu motuhake)
Ko ngā ota tāruarua he iti ake i te 2-4 wiki. Tērā pea ka tere ake te whakamātautau i ngā rahinga (100 300 mita) – whakapā mai kia mōhio ai mēnā ka taea.
Te rahinga iti rawa o te ota:Kāore he MOQ tino pakari; ka whakaaetia ngā puranga whakamātautau iti hei tohu. Ka whiwhi utu pai ake mō ngā ota nui ake (>500 mita).
8. Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ) – Paipa Whakakikoruatia 316L me ngā Rino Tautoko
P1: He aha te pāmahana mōrahi mō te whakakikorua 316L i roto i te ratonga waikura?
A: Ka taea te whakamahi i te 316L tae atu ki te tata ki450°C(840°F) i roto i te mahi waikura tonu. I runga ake i tēnā, ka puta pea te whakararuraru (te maturuturunga o te warowaihā), ka whakaiti i te ātete ki te pakaru. Mō ngā pāmahana teitei ake, whakaarohia te whakakikorua Alloy 825, 625 rānei.
P2: Ka taea te whakamahi i te paipa whakakikoruatia ki te 316L mō te mahi whakamātao (H₂S)?
A: Ko te 316Litii roto i te ratonga kawa. Ka whakaaetia te 316L i roto i ngā taiao kawa e te NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 mēnā: he iti te ihirangi pūhaumāota (<50 ppm), he pH >3.5, he pāmahana <60°C, ā, he iti te pēhanga ā-wāhanga H₂S i te 0.05 psi. Mō te hau kawa mākū noa (he H₂S teitei), ka tūtohu mātou i te whakakikorua Incoloy 825, i te whakakikorua Alloy 28 rānei hei utu.
Q3: Ko tēhea maitai tautoko me whiriwhiri e au mō te pakitara wai poihau?
A:SA-210 Gr.Ckoinei te paerewa mō ngā pakitara wai me ngā kaiwhakaora-pūngao. Mena he iti te hiranga o tō poiha, ā, kei raro iho i te 450°C te pāmahana o te konganuku, koinei te kōwhiringa tino-ōhanga.
P4: Me kaha te pānga ki te pāmahana iti (-45°C). Ka taea tonu e au te whakamahi i te whakakikorua 316L?
Āe. Kōwhiria te maitai tautokoASTM A333 Gr.6e whakamatautauria ana te pānga i te -45°C. Kāore te whakakikorua 316L e pā ki ngā āhuatanga pānga; ka noho ngāwari tonu i te pāmahana iti. Ka taea te whakarato i te paipa whakakikorua whānui me te whakamātautau Charpy katoa.
Q5: Mō te paipa CO₂ pēhanga teitei (1500 psi, 80°C), he aha te huinga e taunaki ana koe?
A:Tautoko API 5L X65(mō te kaha) +Papa 316L 2.5-3.0 mm(mō te ārai i te waikura). He otinga hau reka paerewa tēnei e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te Middle East me Amerika Te Raki.
P6: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te SA-106 Gr.B me te SA-210 Gr.C mō ngā paipa whakakikoruatia?
A: He kaha ake te kaha kume o te SA-210 Gr.C (485 MPa vs 415 MPa) ā, he mea hanga motuhake mō ngā ngongo poiha. Ko te SA-106 Gr.B he mea hanga mō ngā paipa pāmahana teitei whānui. Mō ngā tono poiha, whakamahia te SA-210; mō ngā raina whakawhiti hinu whakapai, e whakaaetia ana te SA 106.
P7: Ka taea e au te tiki tiwhikete EN 10204 Momo 3.2 mō ēnei paipa whakakikoruatia?
Āe. Ka mahi tahi mātou me TÜV, BV, DNV, SGS, me ABS. Ka tāpirihia he utu tāpiri, ā, ka roa ake te wā tuku mō te 1-2 wiki.
P8: Ka pakarukaru te hononga i waenga i te 316L me te maitai waro i te hauwai?
A: I roto i te ratonga CO₂ reka (kāore he parenga katote i runga i te ngaohiko), kāore. I roto i te ratonga kawa (H₂S), ehara te atanga hononga i te ara pakaru pai mena ka tika te hanga. Heoi, he rohe pakeke tō te 316L. Mō te H₂S teitei, ka tūtohu mātou kia whakakikoruatia ki te koranu nikara.
P9: He aha te matotoru iti rawa o te uhi 316L e taunaki ana koe?
A: Ko te 1.5 mm te iti rawa mō te hononga pono me te aukati waikura. Mō te ratonga CO₂ kaha me te tere rere teitei, ka tūtohu mātou kia 2.5-3.0 mm.
Q10: Ka taea e koe te tuku i ēnei paipa whakakikoruatia ki te whirihoranga U-piko mō ngā whakawhiti wera?
Āe, mō ngā paipa whakakikoruatia kore hononga (OD ≤168 mm). Ka piko mātao mātou ki te mandrel, kātahi ka whakamahana i te ahotea me te 100% NDT o te horahanga piko. Tena koa tonoa he utu piko-U motuhake.
Q11: Kei a koutou he "taputapu whiriwhiri paipa whakakikoruatia" mō ngā maitai tautoko rerekē?
Āe. Tukuna mai ō tikanga ratonga: pāmahana mōrahi, pāmahana iti rawa, pēhanga, hanganga wai (CO₂, H₂S, pūhaumāota, pH). Ka tūtohu mātou i te maitai tautoko tino pai + te matotoru o te whakakikorua + te taumata tirotiro.
P12: He rerekētanga nui te utu i waenga i te ngongo SA-210+316L me te ngongo totoka 316L?
Āe. Mō te ngongo pakitara 63.5mm OD × 5mm, ko te totoka 316L he tata ki te2.5-3 ngā wā utu nui akei te paipa kua whakakikoruatia ki te SA-210+316L (whakakikoruatia ki te 2mm). Ka nui ake te penapena ina matotoru te pakitara.
Q13: He aha ahau ka whiriwhiri ai i te paipa tuitui i runga i te paipa whakakikoruatia?
A: Ka whakakorehia e te paipa whakakikoruatia korekoretetahi hononga whakarewa roa, he mea pai mō te ratonga huringa pāmahana teitei, te ratonga hauwai, me te wāhi kei reira te mōrearea o te SCC konukōre e whakaeke ana i te whakarewa. Mō te nuinga o ngā tono paipa raina (X65+316L), he tino pono, he iti ake te utu o ngā paipa kua whakakikoruatia.
Q14: Ka taea e koe te whakakakahu i te ID me te OD?
A: Ka taea e mātou, engari he mahi motuhake tēnā. I te nuinga o te wā he nui te paparanga CRA kotahi i runga i te ID. Mō te waikura o waho, ka tūtohu mātou i te peita, i te paninga, i te tukanga whakakikorua motuhake rānei o waho (hei tauira, te whakakikorua whakarewa). Tena koa pātai mō te whakakikorua-rua.
Q15: Me pēhea taku tono i tētahi huinga ranu o ngā maitai tautoko?
A: Homai ngā tūemi rārangi mō ia: te kounga maitai tautoko, te OD, te WT matua, te matotoru o te whakakikorua, te roa, te rahinga. Ka whakahuahia e mātou ngā utu mō ia huinga. E whakaaetia ana te iti rawa o te ota whakamātautau mō te rahi kotahi.
P16: He mea tika kia whakapūkaratia te uhi 316L?
A: Āe. Mā te whakapūkara ka tangohia te unahi wera i hangaia i te wā e whakapūkara ana me te whakamahana, ka whakahokia mai te paparanga kore mahi, ā, ka whakarite kia ma te mata mō te tirotiro. Ko tā mātou tuku paerewa he whakapūkara, he whakapūkara. Mena kāore koe e pai ki te whakapūkara (hei tauira, mō te paninga tonu), tohua mai.
P17: Kei te whakaratohia e koe te PMI (Positive Material Identification) ki runga i te whakakikorua 316L?
Āe. Ka taea e mātou te mahi XRF i ētahi wāhi i ia ngongo, ā, ka tāpirihia te pūrongo ki te kōnae kounga. He utu iti mō ia ngongo mō ngā ota nui.
Q18: Ka taea te whakarato i te paipa whakakikoruatia me ngā pito piko me te pata CRA?
A: Āe. Ko te koki piko paerewa 30-35° me te taunga 1.6 mm. Kei te wātea te pata CRA (2-3 mm o te whakakī Alloy 625, 316L rānei i te mata piko) hei ārai i te waimeha i te wā e whakarewa ana i te mara. He mea tino taunaki tēnei mō ngā whakarewa porowhita i roto i te ratonga pēhanga teitei.
P19: He aha ō wheako ki te tuku paipa whakakikoruatia ki te 316L e ai ki ngā paerewa EN o Ūropi?
A: He maha ā mātou tukunga ki te EN 10216-2 (tāpiri) me te whakakikorua 1.4404 (316L). Ka taea e mātou te tuku tiwhikete EN 10204 3.2 me te whakaaturanga TÜV me te whakapuakitanga PED. He maha ngā ota kua tukuna ki Tiamana, ki Hōrana, ki Wīwī, me te UK.
P20: Ka taea e koe te tohatoha mai i ngā tohutoro mō ngā paipa whakakikoruatia ki te 316L te whānui nui (API 5L X65+316L)?
Āe, kua tukuna e mātou he paipa whakakikoruatia ki te X65+316L (OD 610mm, whakakikoruatia ki te 2.5mm) mō tētahi kaupapa werohanga CO₂ o te Rawhiti o Waenganui (paipa 200 km). Kei te wātea ngā tohutoro i runga i te NDA.
9. Āwhina Tono – Me pēhea te Tauwhāiti i te Paipa Whakakikoruatia 316L
Hei whakarite kia tika te huinga, tukuna mai ngā mea e whai ake nei mō ia rārangi tūemi:
1. Te kounga maitai tautoko(kōwhiria mai i te SA-210 Gr.C, SA-106 Gr.B, API 5L X52/60/65, A333 Gr.6, A335 P11/P22)
2. Te whānui o waho (OD)mete matotoru o te pakitara matua
3. Te matotoru o te whakakikorua 316L(1.5-3.5 mm te nuinga)
4. Roa kotahi(m) me te roa katoa (te rahinga rānei)
5. Paerewa e tika ana(ASME, API, EN, whakatakotoranga kaupapa rānei)
6. Te tiwhikete e hiahiatia ana(Paerewa EN 10204 Momo 3.1; kōwhiringa Momo 3.2)
7. Ngā whakamātautau tāpiri(Te waikura o te kirikiri, te waikura waenga-pūmua, te NACE, te ngokingoki, me ētahi atu)
8. Whakamutunga mutunga(ma, piko, piko+pani pata)
9. Te wā tuku(Tauranga FOB Haina, Tauranga ūnga CIF, Utauta rererangi)
10. Ka whakautu a Womic Steel me:
● Whārangi raraunga hangarau mō te huinga motuhake
● He whakatau tata me te utu me te wā arahi
● Tiwhikete mira tauira (mai i te ota ōrite o mua)
● Te mahere kounga kua whakaarohia me te whānuitanga tirotiro
Tō mātou kaha:Ehara i te mea ko te hanga anake tā mātou engari ko tetohutohui runga i te huinga tautoko me te whakakikorua tino ohanga me te pono mō ngā āhuatanga o tō ratonga. He maha ngā kiritaki e kī ana he nui rawa ngā whakaritenga mā te whakaaro he mea tika te koranu totoka – ka āwhina mātou i a rātou ki te penapena 40-60% me ngā paipa whakakikorua.
10. Whakapā atu ki a Womic Steel – Tō Tohunga Paipa Whakakikoruatia ki te Raina 316L
Ki te mea kei te rapu koe i tētahiPaipa whakakikoruatia ki te 316Lmēnā he maitai waro, he maitai koranu rānei te paparanga paerewa, whakapā mai ki a mātou mō tētahi kōrero hangarau kore utu me tētahi whakatau utu kore herenga.
Paetukutuku: www.womicsteel.com
Ī-mēra: sales@womicsteel.com
Waea / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Wikitōria: +86 15575100681
Hēki: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – He otinga paipa whakakikoruatia ki te 316L kua whakaritea mō ngā mahi CO₂, te pōro, te whakawhiti wera, te pāmahana iti, me ngā mahi pāmahana teitei.
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