Whakaahuatanga Poto
Hua:Ngongo Rino Kore-Tuitui Pāmahana-Iti 3.5% Nikara – ASTM A334 Tau 3 (UNS K12021 / 3.5Ni), ka tōia matao, ka whakatauritea, ka whakamataohia hoki e te hau mō ngā ngongo rino waro me te koranu kore-tuitui me te whakarewahia, e hangaia ana mō te whakamahi i ngā pāmahana iti.
Whakaahuatanga Poto o te Hua:Kua whakatūria e te Womic Steel Group ngā kaha whakaputa papatipu kua pakari mō ngā ngongo tuitui iti, roa rawa atu, 3.5Ni – e kapi ana i te 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m te roa takitahi – e tutuki katoa ana i ngā whakaritenga pakari pāmahana iti ASTM A334 Grade 3 tae noa ki te -101°C. E aro ana tēnei raina whakaputa ki te whakawhirinaki o mua ki ngā kawemai mō ngā ngongo 3.5Ni roa rawa atu, he iti te diameter. Ka whakaratohia e te maitai nikara 3.5% he pakari me te ngāwari pai i ngā pāmahana iti iho i te -150°F (-101°C), ka waiho hei rauemi nui mō ngā pito LNG, ngā waeine pakaru ethylene, ngā tipu wehenga hau, me ngā kaupapa porowhita.
Ko te whānui o waho mai i te 10mm ki te 610mm (hurihia wera), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 1.5mm ki te 25.4mm, ko te roa takitahi tae atu ki te 24m. Ko te whānuitanga OD tino tika i te wā e kumea ana i te makariri: 6mm ki te 89mm, me ngā āheinga ā-ahu pakupaku tae noa ki te ±0.10mm.
Kei roto tata ki te 3.5% te nikara, me te hanganga iti-waro, teitei-nikara hei whakarei ake i te pakari i te pāmahana iti, me te ārai i te pakarukaru i te pāmahana iti i te -101°C. Te hanganga noa: C ≤0.19%, Mn 0.31-0.64%, Si 0.18-0.37%, Ni 3.18-3.82%, P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%.
Kei waenganui i te maitai pāmahana-iti paerewa, te maitai 6 (-45°C) me te maitai 8% Ni kounga teitei, te maitai 9%, te maitai 8 (-196°C) te 3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3). Koinei te otinga tino whai hua mō te awhe ratonga -50°C ki te -101°C.
E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ASTM A334/A334M, ASME SA334, ASTM A333/A333M Tau 3, tae atu ki te ASTM/ASME, PED, me te NACE MR0175 (inā tonoa).
Ngā pūnga whiwhi LNG, ngā paipa āwhina, ngā waeine PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation), ngā pihikete ethylene, ngā waeine wehewehe hau, me ngā pūnaha paipa papaaho tai mō ngā rohe pito.
Rōpū Maitai WomicHe kaihanga motuhake a C&A me te kaihokohoko o te ao mō ngā ngongo kore hononga pāmahana iti, ngā ngongo tika iti te whānui, me ngā ngongo kore hononga roa rawa atu. Neke atu i te 20 tau o te tohungatanga ki te tātai makariri, kei te wātea inaianei ā mātou ngongo kore hononga 3.5Ni mō te -101°C mō ngā ota nui. Ka whakaratohia ngā tiwhikete mira, te whakamātautau ultrasonic me te hydrostatic 100%, te tautuhi rauemi pai, me ngā pūrongo tirotiro whānui me te whai i te wera kotahi. Ka whakaaetia te tirotiro tuatoru (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV). He utu whakataetae me te tuku tere.
Wāhanga 1: Papamuri – He aha i whakamahia ai ngā Ngongo Tuitui 3.5Ni i te -101°C?
Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1930, i te wā i whakawhanakehia tuatahitia ai e te Hononga o Amerika te maitai nikara 3.5% mō te mahi pāmahana-iti (i te mutunga ka whakapūmautia i raro i te ASTM A334/A334M me te A333/A333M), kua whakawhanakehia hoki e Ūropi me Hapani ā rātou ake momo maitai 3.5Ni. Kua whānuitia te whakamahi i ēnei rauemi hei hanga i ngā pihikete ethylene, te kawe LPG/LNG, ngā whare tongi, te tukatuka rapa, me ngā ahumahi whakapūnga waro.
He rino waro-iti, nikara-nui te maitai 3.5Ni, he iti-koranu te nui, ā, he tata ki te 3.5% te nui o te nikara (Ni). Mā te whakatikatika, te whakatikatika rānei, me te whakamahana i te maimoatanga wera, ka puta he hanganga moroiti ferrite + bainite pumau, ā, he tino pakari te pānga ki te pāmahana iti. He rauemi rongonui o te ao e whakamahia ana mō ngā oko pēhanga me ngā pūnaha paipa i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana iti -101°C.
I Haina, kua roa te wā e tutuki ai te hanga ahumahi pakari me te pono o ngā pereti maitai me ngā mea hanga rino 3.5Ni, e whakaatu ana i te mahi hangarau tino pai me te whai hua o te utu. Heoi, kei te iti tonu te tuku o ngā ngongo tuitui - inā koa ko ngā ngongo 3.5Ni he iti te whānui, he roa rawa.
Hei whakakī i tēnei āputa ahumahi, kua whakatūria e Womic Steel tētahi raina whakaputa motuhake e whakamahi ana i ōna pūkenga matua ki te hanga ngongo kore-ira pāmahana iti, te hanga tika iti-diameter, me te hangarau kukume makariri ngongo roa-rahi. Whai muri i te whakawhanaketanga tukanga pūnaha me te whakamana maha-puranga, ka tīmata ā mātou ngongo kore-ira 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m 3.5Ni roa-rahi ki te whakaputa papatipu, me te puranga tuatahi i tukuna i te marama o Āperira ki tētahi kaihanga taputapu nui o te whare. Ka whakamahia ngā ngongo i roto i tētahi kaupapa Porowhita Arctic o Rūhia.
I whakaūtia e ngā whakamātautau whaimana ā-motu ko ngā tohu mahi matua katoa – tae atu ki te pakari o te pānga Charpy i te pāmahana iti -101°C, ngā āhuatanga kume i te pāmahana rūma, te tika o ngā āhuatanga, me te whakaotinga mata – e tutuki katoa ana i ngā whakaritenga ASTM A334 Grade 3, ā, he rite tonu ki ngā taumata matatau o te ao.
Wāhanga 2: Tātaritanga Taumata Whakataurite – Te Kōwhiri i te Rino Pāmahana-Iti Tika
Ko ngā paipa maitai kore-whakarewa teitei mō ngā taiao pāmahana iti ko te nuinga o te wā ko te ASTM A333/A334 Ngā Tau 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, me te 11. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā Tau 3, 4, 7, me te 8 ngā mea e tino tohua ana mō te ratonga pāmahana iti waenga me te kaha. Ko te whiriwhiri i te rauemi e tika ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te pāmahana ratonga iti rawa e hiahiatia ana, te pēhanga hoahoa, me te tahua.
Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei he whakataurite whānui o ngā momo maitai pāmahana-iti tuatahi, tae atu ki ō rātou whakatauranga pāmahana e tika ana, ngā āhuatanga miihini (te kaha kume me te kaha tuku), me ngā tono matua. Mā tēnei whakataurite ka āwhina i te whakamārama i te tūranga mākete o te maitai 3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3) e pā ana ki ngā rauemi rerekē.
Ripanga: Whakataurite i te Rino Pāmahana-Iti ASTM A333/A334
| Te Whakatūnga Tohu | Te pāmahana ratonga iti rawa | Ihirangi Ni | Kaha Kume (min) | Kaha Hua (min) | Te whakaroa | Momo me ngā Taupānga Matua |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tau 6 | -45°C (-50°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Rino Konupora Waro-Iti. Ko te kounga tino noa, ā, he ohanga hoki. Te maimoatanga wai, te whakamatao whānui, ngā paipa āhuarangi makariri. |
| Tau 3 (3.5Ni) | -101°C (-150°F) | 3.18-3.82% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% (L) / ≥20% (T) | 3.5% Nikara Rino. He utu whai hua mō te awhe -50°C ki te -101°C. Ngā waeine PDH, ngā tipu ethylene, ngā waeine wehenga hau, ngā paipa Arctic. |
| Tau 4 | -101°C (-150°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | He maitai waro kua whakamatea. He iti noa te ferrite i roto i te hanganga matrix. He iti te pakari pāmahana-iti ki te whakataurite ki te 3.5Ni. |
| Tau 7 | -73°C (-100°F) | 2.0-2.5% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | 2.5% Nikara Rino. He kōwhiringa waenga i waenga i te Tau 6 me te Tau 3. |
| Tau 8 (9Ni) | -196°C (-320°F) | 8.4-9.6% | ≥690 MPa | ≥515 MPa | ≥22% | 9% Nikara Rino. Tino pakari i te pāmahana iti. Ngā paipa matua o te LNG (-162°C). |
| Tau 11 (Teitei te Pakari) | -196°C. He rite ki te Gr.8 | He rite ki te Gr.8 | He rite ki te Gr.8 | He rite ki te Gr.8 | He rite ki te Gr.8 | I hangaia mai i te maitai kua oti te patu kounga teitei, e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga pāmahana tino iti. |
Wāhanga 3: Te Hanganga Matū – Te Mana Pūmau mō te Whakatutukitanga ASTM A334 Tau 3
Mā te whakamahi i ngā wheako pakari me ngā wheako kua whakamātauhia ki te hanga pereti maitai 3.5Ni me ngā ngongo kore hononga kua hurihia wera, kua whakatūria e Womic Steel ngā whānuitanga hanganga matū e tino tirotirohia ana mō te tukanga ngongo iti-te-matao. Mā tēnei ka whakarite i te pakari pai rawa atu i te pāmahana iti me te pupuri tonu i te kaha ki te hanga i te kukume matao.
| Huānga | ASTM A334 Gr.3 (Teitei/E hiahiatia ana) | Womic Steel Design Target | Tātaritanga Koro Tuturu a Womic Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waro (C) | ≤0.19% | 0.06 – 0.09% | 0.07% |
| Hiraka (Si) | 0.18 – 0.37% | 0.18 – 0.33% | 0.24% |
| Manganēhi (Mn) | 0.31 – 0.64% | 0.45 – 0.60% | 0.51% |
| Whēkau (P) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.010% | 0.004% |
| Whānariki (S) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.005% | 0.001% |
| Nikara (Ni) | 3.18 – 3.82% | 3.30 – 3.70% | 3.40% |
*Mā te whakakotahitanga o te iti o te waro (C ≤0.19%), te iti rawa o te whākōkī me te whanariki (P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%), me te tāpiritanga tika o te nikara 3.18-3.82% ka whakakorea te mōrearea o te pakarukaru pāmahana iti i te -101°C, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga matū me te miihini ASTM A334 Gr.3 me te whakarite kia pai te mahi matao i te wā o te tukanga tuhi.*
Wāhanga 4: Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini – Whakamanahia te Tutukitanga o te ASTM A334 Tau 3
I whakamātauria ngā āhuatanga hangarau i runga i te ngongo whaea (te matotoru katoa o te pakitara) me te ngongo kua oti (te mata) i muri i te maimoatanga wera ōrite, me te tango tauira mai i te puranga whakaputa noa.
Ngā Āhuatanga Kume o te Pāmahana Rūma
| Taonga | Whakaritenga ASTM A334 Gr.3 | Te Rino Tuturu o Womic (Te Hanganga Auau) |
|---|---|---|
| Te Kaha o te Hua (0.2% te whakahekenga) | ≥240 MPa | 330 – 360 MPa |
| Kaha Kume | ≥450 MPa | 520 – 550 MPa |
| Te whakaroa (te whakaroa) | ≥30% | 32 – 36% |
| Te toronga (whakapae) | ≥20% | 26 – 30% |
| Te pakeketanga (HB) | ≤190 | 160 – 175 |
Hanganga Whakarewa
I muri i te whakatikatika i te maimoatanga wera i te ≥845°C, ā, i muri mai ko te whakamatao hau, i whakaatuhia e te ngongo kua oti he hanganga moroiti pai o te ferrite + bainite me te whakatauranga rahi o te witi tata ki te ASTM Nama 10 (he witi tino parakore), e whai wāhi ana ki te pakari o te pāmahana iti.
-101°C Te Pāmahana Iti Te Kaha o te Pānga
Nā te mea kāore e taea te whakamātautau pānga tika o te ngongo angiangi kua oti (25x2mm) e ai ki ngā tikanga paerewa (he iti rawa te tauira), i tangohia e Womic Steel ngā tauira ngongo whaea o te tau wera kotahi, ka tukuna ki te maimoatanga wera kua whakaritea rite ki ngā ngongo kua oti, kātahi ka mīhinihia kia rite ki ngā tauira Charpy V-notch 2.5x10x55mm te rahi iti iho. I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau pānga i te pāmahana iti iho o te -117°C, neke atu i te whakaritenga hoahoa -101°C, hei whakaatu i te whānuitanga haumaru.
| Te pāmahana whakamātautau | Tauira 1 | Tauira 2 | Tauira 3 | Whakaritenga ASTM (rahi iti 2.5mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -117°C | 32J | 33J | 35J | Te toharite iti rawa ≥5J; te kotahi ≥4J |
He nui atu ngā hua o te whakamātautau pānga i ngā whakaritenga iti rawa o te ASTM, e whakaatu ana i te pakari tino pai o te rauemi i te pāmahana iti me te awhe haumaru nui atu i te pāmahana ratonga kua whakatauria -101°C.
Wāhanga 5: Tukanga Hanga – Te Tātaritanga Matao Pakeke me te Maimoatanga Wera mō ngā Ngongo Roa-Tino Diameter Iti
Ka hangaia e Womic Steel ngā ngongo kore-ira 3.5Ni pāmahana-iti mā te whakamahi i tētahi ara hanga ahumahi kua tino arotauhia mō ngā hua whakaoti mata-iti, roa rawa, teitei:
- Te whakarewa i te oumu hiko + te whakamahine koko + te tango hau korehau:Ka whakarite kia tino iti te hauwai, te hāora, me te hauota, me te whakahaere matū pakari (P ≤0.005%, S ≤0.001%).
- Te Maka Tonu + Te Hurihuri Puawai:Ka whakaputa i ngā kōwhao ngongo kounga teitei me te pakari o roto.
- Wera Wera (Wero Hurihuri Whakawhiti):Ka whakamahanahia ngā perehi i roto i te oumu kurupae hikoi, ka werohia ki roto i ngā anga matotoru o te pakitara i ngā pāmahana hurihuri kua tino pai; ka whakaitihia te āhua rerekē.
- Te Haereere Matao / Te Tuhi Matao– Ngā haerenga maha (me te whakamahana waenga): Koinei te tukanga matua mō te whakatutuki i ngā ngongo tino roa. Mō te rahi whakamutunga 25x2mm, ko te tikanga me toru ngā haerenga kukume makariri e whakahaeretia ana, me ia haerenga e whakapakeke ana i te rauemi. I waenganui i ngā haerenga, ka whakamahanahia ngā ngongo hei whakahoki mai i te ngāwari me te ārai i ngā kapiti whakapakeke mahi.
- Te Whakamahana i te Wairewa (Te Whakaōrite):I mahia i roto i te oumu hau whakahaeretia i te ≥845°C, ā, i muri mai ka whakamataohia te hau hei whakamama i ngā ahotea mahi matao me te whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti.
- Te whakatikatika:Mā te whakatikatika tika o te roera ka taea te whakarite kia ≤1.5mm te ātete ki te whakatikatika i te mita.
- Te tapahi ki te roa me te whakaotinga mutunga:He tino tika te mahi a ngā kani tapahi rere; ka tangohia ngā kōhao, ka tapahia rānei ngā pito e hiahiatia ana.
- 100% NDT, Whakamātautau Waipūmau, me te Tohu:Ka whakamātauhia ia ngongo mā te ultrasonic, ka whakamātauhia te iahiko hurihuri, ā, ka whakamātauhia te pēhanga i mua i te tāmitanga whakamutunga o te ahotea iti.
- Te whānuitanga whakamutunga i tutuki:24.96 – 25.05mm OD × 2.04 – 2.16mm WT × 22m te roa. Ko te taratara o te mata ID me te OD ≤1.4μm Ra, e tutuki ana i te kounga o te ngongo whakawhiti wera Reanga 1 ia NB/T 47019.1-2021 (whakaotinga mata submicrometer).
Wāhanga 6: Te Mana Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau – Te Manatoko Mahi Whānui
Ka whakamatautauria ia puranga whakaputa o ngā ngongo tuitui pāmahana iti 3.5Ni kia rite ki ngā paerewa ASTM A334/A334M:2021.
Ngā Tiwhikete:Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira i raro i te EN 10204 Momo 3.1. E wātea ana te Momo 3.2 me te kaiwhakaatu tuatoru (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) ina tonoa.
Te ōritetanga o ia puranga:Kei te pupuri a Womic Steel i ngā tuhinga taipitopito mō ia tau wera me ia puranga, kia taea ai te whai i ia ngongo kua oti.
Wāhanga 7: Ngā Whakamahinga – Ngā Ngongo Excel mō te 3.5Ni ASTM A334 Tau 3
Kua hangaia ngā ngongo tui pāmahana-iti 3.5Ni mō te mahi pono mō te wā roa i roto i te awhe ratonga -45°C ki te -101°C, e whakakī ana i te āputa i waenga i te rauemi paerewa Taumata 6 me te rauemi 9% Ni Taumata 8 utu nui.
Ko te ngongo 3.5Ni te rauemi tino iti te utu mō te awhe pāmahana i waenga i te -50°C (Taumata 6) me te -196°C (9% Ni Taumata 8), ā, koinei te otinga pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono matū hinu-pāmahana iti.
Wāhanga 8: He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te maitai Womic mō ngā ngongo maeneene pāmahana-iti 3.5Ni?
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
Whakapā atu ki a Womic Steel
Mō ngā pātai, tautoko hangarau, tono utu rānei mō ō whakaritenga ngongo pāmahana iti 3.5Ni i raro i te ASTM A334 Grade 3 (me ētahi atu tohu pāmahana iti rānei), whakapā mai ki a mātou.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-24-2026