Kaihanga Ngongo Paera me te Whakawhiti Wera Pāmahana Teitei – Womic Steel
1. Tirohanga Whānui o te Ngongo Rino Koranu ASTM A213 T9
Ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9he kounga maitai koranu chromium-molybdenum i hangaia mōngā taiao ratonga pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teiteipērā i ngā kohua, ngā whakamahana nui, me ngā whakawhiti wera. He nui ake te ihirangi chromium o tēnei rauemi i ērā atu momo koranu iti, e whakapai ake ana i te ātete waikura, te kaha ngoki, me te pumau hanganga i ngā pāmahana teitei.
TeNgongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, i ngā whare hinu matū, i ngā wāhanga whakapai hinu, me ngā pūnaha paipa ahumahi pāmahana teitei, he mea nui te pono mō te wā roa.
Hei kaihanga ngaio,Womic Steele whakarato ana i te kounga teiteiNgā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T9i roto i te tutuki katoa i ngā whakaritengaNgā paerewa ASTM A213 / ASME SA213. E whai ana tā mātou pūnaha whakaputa i ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga tino pakari, ā, e whakarato ana i te whai i ngā rauemi katoa. Ka taea te tuku hua meEN 10204 3.1 ranei EN 10204 3.2 tiwhikete, ā, ka taea e ngā ngongo e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono taputapu pēhanga te whakatutukiNgā whakaritenga tiwhikete PED 2014/68/EUmō te mākete Pākehā.
Mā ngā whare hanga matatau me te mekameka tuku rauemi mata pumau, ka whakarite a Womic Steel i te kounga pono, te whakaritenga ngāwari, me ngā wā tuku whakataetae mō ngā kaupapa o te ao.
2. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hanga Ngongo ASTM A213 T9 me te Awhe Ahu
I Womic Steel,Ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9he whānuitia ngā rahi e hangaia ana hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā pūnaha poiha, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā paipa pēhanga ahumahi. Ka taea te whakarato i ngā ngongo kore-whakaoti wera me ngā ngongo matao-kume i runga i te tika o te rahinga me ngā hiahia tono.
Ripanga 1 – Awhe Rahi o te Ngongo ASTM A213 T9
| Tawhā | Awhe Paerewa |
| Diameter o Waho | 12.7 mm – 219 mm |
| Matotoru o te Pakitara | 1.5 mm – 30 mm |
| Roa Paerewa | 6 mita – 12 mita |
| Te Roa Mōrahi | Tae atu ki te 18 m |
| Momo Whakaputa | Tuitui Kore, Wera, Oti/Matao |
| Āhua o te Mata | Pango / Pīkara / Pūhia |
Mā te kaha whakaputa ngāwari i Womic Steel ka taea e mātou te whakatutuki i ngā mea e ruangā ota ritenga iti me ngā whakaritenga tuku kaupapa nui.
3. Ngā Ātete Ahu o ngā Ngongo Rino Koranu ASTM A213 T9
He mea nui te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga tika mō ngā pūnaha paipa pehanga.Ngā ngongo tui ASTM A213 T9I hangaia e Womic Steel, e whai ana i ngā whakaritenga ā-ahu ASTM hei whakarite kia hototahi ki ngā tukanga hanga, whakarewa, me te tāutanga.
Ripanga 2 – Ngā Ātete Ahu
| Tawhā | Manawanui |
| Diameter o Waho | ±0.75% |
| Matotoru o te Pakitara | ±10% |
| Roa | +3 mm / 0 |
| Te tika | ≤1/1000 o te roa katoa |
| Ovality | I roto i te manawanui OD |
Mā ēnei manawanui pakari ka whakarite kiaNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9ka taea te whakamahi pono i roto i ngā pūnaha pēhanga teitei.
4. Te Hanganga Matū o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213 T9
Te mahi aNgongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakatauhia e ōna huānga koranu chromium me te molybdenum, e whakarato ana i te ātete tino pai ki te waikura me te whakarerekētanga ngokingoki i raro i ngā pāmahana tiketike.
Ripanga 3 – Te Hanganga Matū o te ASTM A213 T9
| Huānga | Te hanganga (%) |
| Waro (C) | ≤0.15 |
| Manganēhi (Mn) | 0.30 – 0.60 |
| Whēkau (P) | ≤0.025 |
| Whānariki (S) | ≤0.025 |
| Hiraka (Si) | ≤0.50 |
| Konukōmiuma (Kr) | 8.00 – 10.00 |
| Molibdenuma (Mo) | 0.90 – 1.10 |
He nui te ihirangi chromium i roto iNgongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9ka whakarato i te ātete nui ake ki te tauine me te waikura i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei.
5. Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o ngā Ngongo ASTM A213 T9
Te mahi ā-mīhini oNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9ka whakarite i te pono o te hanganga i raro i ngā āhuatanga pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha pōro me ngā pūnaha whakawhiti wera.
Ripanga 4 – Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-Mīhini
| Taonga | Whakaritenga |
| Kaha Kume | ≥415 MPa |
| Te Kaha o te Hua | ≥205 MPa |
| Te whakaroa | ≥30% |
| Te pakeketanga | ≤89 HRB |
Mā ēnei āhuatanga miihini ka taeaNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9hei pupuri i te kaha me te pumau i te wā e whakamahia ana i te pāmahana tiketike mō te wā roa.
6. Tukanga Hanga o ngā Ngongo Tuitui ASTM A213 T9
Ngā kaihanga maitai o WomicNgā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T9te whakamahi i te hangarau whakaputa matatau me te mana whakahaere tukanga tino kaha.
Ko ngā mahi whakaputa noa ko:
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata → Tapahi Pire → Whakamahana → Wera Wera → Hurihuri Wera → Maimoatanga Wera → Whakatikatika → Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro → Tirotiro Whakamutunga → Tākai
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakaputa ko:
• Ngā pereki maitai koranu kounga teitei mai i ngā mira whaimana
• Ngā taputapu hurihuri matatau e whakarite ana i te tika o ngā āhuatanga
• Te whakahaere pakari i te whakarewa i te wā e whakamahana ana, e hanga ana hoki
• Te whai i ngā mea katoa mai i te rauemi mata ki te ngongo kua oti
7. Ngā Whakaritenga Maimoatanga Wera
He mea nui te maimoatanga wera kia whiwhi ai i te hanganga moroiti me ngā āhuatanga miihini tika oNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9.
Ko te tikanga o te maimoatanga wera ko:
• Te whakamahana katoa
• Te whakamahana isothermal
• Tukanga whakamatao whakahaeretia
Ka whakapai ake ēnei maimoatanga i te hanganga ōrite o te witi, ā, ka whakarei ake hoki i te mahi i te pāmahana tiketike.
8. Te Tirotiro me te Whakamātautau i ngā Ngongo ASTM A213 T9
KatoaNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9I hangaia e Womic Steel, ka tirotirohia, ka whakamātautauhia kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa o te ao.
Whakamātautau Ā-tinana me te Whakamātautau Ā-ringa
• Whakamātautau kume
• Whakamātautau mārō
• Whakamātautau whakapapatahi
• Whakamātautau mura
• Whakamātautau pēhanga waipū
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro
• Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT)
• Whakamātautau iahiko eddy (ET)
• Whakamātautau matūriki aukume (MT) ina hiahiatia
Tiwhikete me te Tuhituhi
Ka taea te tuku i ngā hua me:
•Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira EN 10204 3.1
•EN 10204 3.2 Tiwhikete Tirotiro a te Rōpū Tuatoru
•Ngā tuhinga mō te hanganga ture PED 2014/68/EU
Ka taea te whakarite i te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mā teSGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ētahi atu tari tirotiro whai mana rānei.
9. Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Ngongo Rino Koranu ASTM A213 T9
Nā tōna kaha ki te pāmahana teitei me tōna ātete pai ki te waikura,Ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu ahumahi tino nui.
Ko ngā tono noa ko:
• Ngā ngongo pūwero o te tipu hiko
• Ngā ngongo whakamahana nui me ngā ngongo whakamahana anō
• Ngā whakawhiti wera matū hinu
• Ngā paipa pāmahana teitei
• Ngā taputapu tukatuka parahanga
He tino pai te rauemi mō ngā taiao e mahi tonu ana ngā taputapu i ngā pāmahana teitei.
10. Ngā Ratonga Tukatuka me te Hanga
Haunga te tuku i ngā ngongo mata,Womic Steele whakarato ana i ngā ratonga tukatuka uara tāpiri mōNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te kaupapa.
Ko ngā ratonga e wātea ana ko:
• Te piko me te hanga o ngā ngongo
• Ngā ngongo piko-U mō ngā whakawhiti wera
• Te miihini me te tapahi tika
• Te hanga i ngā wāhanga paipa i mua i te hanganga
• Te huihuinga o ngā pūwero paipa
Mā ēnei āheinga tukatuka ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whiwhingā wāhanga kua rite ki te tāuta, ka whakaiti i te wā hanga i te papaanga.
11. Te Kaha Whakaputa me ngā Painga Tukunga
He kaha tonu te kaha whakaputa a Womic Steel mōNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T9e tautokona ana e te pumau o te tuku rauemi mata me ngā taputapu hanga matatau.
Ko ngā painga matua ko:
• Ngā raina whakaputa ngongo tuimotu nui
• He paihere maitai koranu pumau
• Pūnaha whakahaere kounga tino pakari
• Whakaritenga hanga ngāwari
Ko te wā ārahi whakaputa noa ko15–35 ngā rā e ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te ota.
He mea nui,Kāore he rahinga iti rawa o te ota a Womic Steel, ā, tae noa kika taea te whakaae i ngā ota kotahi-wahi, e whakarato ana i te ngāwari mō ngā whakaritenga hoko me te tiaki kaupapa.
12. Te Tākai me te Kawe ā-Ao
Hei whakarite i te haumaru o te kawe waka,Ngā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T9kua tākaihia mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha tiaki taumata-tāwāhi.
Ko ngā kōwhiringa mōkihi ko:
• Ngā paihere whitiki rino
• Ngā pouaka rakau e pai ana mō te moana
• Ngā taupoki pito kirihou
• Paninga hinu ārai-waikura
• Tākai ā-wai
He nui ngā wheako o Womic Steel ki ngā mahi kawe waka o te ao, ā, ka whakaratohia e ia ngā otinga tuku waka whai hua mā roto iutanga moana, kawe tereina, me te kawe waka maha-ara, me te whakarite kia tukuna wawe puta noa i te ao.
13. He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te maitai Womic mō ngā ngongo ASTM A213 T9
Hei kaihanga me te kaweake i ngā ngongo maitai koranu mātanga,Womic Steele tuku ana i te huinga o te tohungatanga hangarau, te kaha hanga, me te tuku pono.
Ko ō mātou kaha ko:
• Te whakatutuki katoa i ngā whakaritengaNgā paerewa ASTM A213 / ASME SA213
•He tuku whaimana PED mō ngā kaupapa taputapu pēhanga
•Ngā tuhinga tirotiro EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2
• Ngā whare whakamātautau me te tirotiro matatau
• Te rahinga ota ngāwari me te urupare tere
• Ngā ratonga hanga me te miihini ritenga
• He kaha te whakaputa me ngā wātaka tuku pumau
Mā ēnei painga ka taea e Womic Steel te tautoko i ngā kiritaki puta noa i te aongā kaupapa whakaputa hiko, matū hinu, me ngā paipa ahumahi.
14.Ngā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213 – Awhe Rahi Whakaputa
Ngā kaihanga maitai o WomicNgā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui Rino Konumohe ASTM A213 Tau T5, ASTM A213 Tau T9, me ASTM A213 Tau T11i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā diameter me ngā rārangi matotoru pakitara e tika ana mō ngā kohua, ngā whakawhiti wera, me te ratonga pehanga pāmahana teitei.
Ripanga Rahi Whakaputa Paerewa
| Rahi Paipa Ingoa (NPS) | Diameter o Waho (OD) | Te Matotoru o te Pakitara e Wātea ana (Rārangi) | Whakaahuatanga Hua |
| 1/2″ NB | 21.3 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5 |
| 3/4″ Tuhipoka | 26.7 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5 |
| 1″ NB | 33.4 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5 |
| 1 1/4″ Tuhipoka | 42.2 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9 |
| 1 1/2″ NB | 48.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9 |
| 2″ NB | 60.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 2 1/2″ NB | 73 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 3″ NB | 88.9 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 4″ NB | 114.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 5″ NB | 141.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 6″ NB | 168.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 8″ NB | 219.1 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 10″ NB | 273 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 12″ NB | 323.9 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
Ka tukuna ēnei whakaritenga katoa heiNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5, Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9, meNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa.
15Ripanga Whakataurite mō ngā Tohu Rino Koranu ASTM A213
Ngā taumata rerekē i roto i teNgā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213Ko te paerewa e whakarato ana i ngā momo ihirangi chromium me te molybdenum mō te kaha pāmahana teitei me te ātete ki te waikura.
Ripanga Whakataurite Rauemi
| Tau | Ngā Huānga Whakakotahi Matua | Ātete Pāmahana Noa | Ngā Āhuatanga Matua | Ngā tono noa |
| ASTM A213 T5 | Rino Koranu Cr-Mo | Tae atu ki te 600°C | He ātete pai ki te waikura | Ngā kohua, ngā whakawhiti wera |
| ASTM A213 T9 | Koranu Chromium Teitei | Tae atu ki te 650°C | Te kaha ngoki kua whakapaitia | Ngā ngongo tipu hiko |
| ASTM A213 T11 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Koranu | Tae atu ki te 580°C | He kaha tino pai ki te pāmahana teitei | Ngā ngongo whakamahana nui me ngā ngongo poiha |
| ASTM A213 T22 | 2.25Cr-1Mo Koranu | Tae atu ki te 650°C | Te ātete ngoki teitei | Ngā paipa teihana hiko |
| ASTM A213 T91 | 9Cr-1Mo Koranu | Tae atu ki te 700°C | Ātete ngokingoki matatau | Ngā poiha tino-tino-tino |
I roto i ēnei rauemi,Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5, Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9, meNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto ingā ngongo paera, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui, me ngā pūnaha ngongo whakawhiti wera.
16Ngā Ngongo Rino Koranu ASTM A213 Kupumatua Matrix
Mā te matihiko kupumatua e whai ake nei ka āwhina i ngā miihini rapu me ngā kaihangarau ki te tautuhi i ngā tohutoro ā-ahu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mōNgā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213.
Rahi o te Ngongo ASTM A213 Kupumatua Matrix
1/2″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5
3/4″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5
1″ NB i roto i te Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i roto iNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9
1 1/2″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9
2″ NB i roto i te Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i roto iNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
3″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
4″ NB i roto i te Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i roto iNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
6″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
8″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
10″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
12″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
Mā ēnei rārangi ā-ahu ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te kimi ngāwari i ngā mea e wātea anaNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5, Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9, meNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11mai i Womic Steel.
E whakahīhī ana mātou ki tō mātoungā ratonga whakaritenga, ngā huringa whakaputa tere, mewhatunga tuku ā-ao, kia tutuki ai ō hiahia motuhake me te tino tika me te hiranga.
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