1. Tirohanga Whānui o ngā Ngongo Rino Koranu ASTM A213 T11
Ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11he maitai iti-koranu chromium-molybdenum e whakamahia whānuitia ana mōte ratonga pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei i roto i ngā kohua, ngā whakamahana nui, me ngā whakawhiti wera. Mā te tāpiri o te chromium me te molybdenum ka whakarei ake i te ātete waikura, te kaha ngoki, me te pumau hanganga i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei. Nā ēnei āhuatanga,Ngā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T11e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, i ngā whakaurunga hinu-matū, i ngā whakamahana whare whakapai hinu, me ngā taputapu whakawhiti wera ahumahi.
TePaerewa ASTM A213 T11, i whakaputaina hoki heiASME SA213 T11, e tohu ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā ngongo maitai ferritic me te austenitic tuitui i hangaia mō te ratonga pāmahana teitei. Ka hipokina e te whakatakotorangate hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, te maimoatanga wera, ngā ātete ā-ahu, ngā tikanga whakamātautau, me ngā tukanga tirotirohei whakarite i te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā taputapu pēhanga.
Hei kaihanga ngaio,Womic Steelka whakaputa i te kounga teiteiNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11mā te whakamahi i ngā raina hanga ngongo tui matatau me ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga tino pakari. Ka taea te tuku mai i ā mātou hua meEN 10204 3.1 ranei EN 10204 3.2 tiwhikete, ā, mō ngā kaupapa taputapu pēhanga o Ūropi, ka taea e ngā ngongo te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritengaNgā whakaritenga tiwhikete PED 2014/68/EU. Mā te pūtake rauemi mata pumau me ngā tīma hangarau mātau, ka whakarite a Womic Steel i te kounga hua pumau, ngā wā tuku pono, me te whakaritenga ngāwari mō ngā kaupapa ahumahi o te ao.
2. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hua me te Awhe Ahu o ngā Ngongo ASTM A213 T11
TeNgongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11Kei te wātea ngā rahi e hangaia ana e Womic Steel, e tika ana mō ngā kohua, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā pūnaha paipa pēhanga.ngā ngongo tuitui wera-oti me ngā ngongo tika matao-tuhika taea te hanga i runga i ngā whakaritenga tika mō ngā āhuatanga.
Ripanga 1 – Awhe Whakaputa Ngongo ASTM A213 T11
| Tawhā | Awhe Whakatakotoranga |
| Diameter o Waho | 12.7 mm – 219 mm |
| Matotoru o te Pakitara | 1.5 mm – 30 mm |
| Roa Paerewa | 6 mita – 12 mita |
| Te Roa Mōrahi | Tae atu ki te 18 m |
| Tikanga Hanga | Tuitui Kore, Wera, Oti/Matao |
| Āhua o te Mata | Pango / Pīkara / Pūhia |
Mā te kaha whānui e whakarite kiaNgā ngongo tui ASTM A213 T11ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā pūnaha whakawhiti wera ahumahi rerekē.
3. Ngā Ātete Ahu o ngā Ngongo Rino Koranu ASTM A213 T11
He mea tino nui te tika o ngā āhuatanga mō ngā pūnaha paipa pēhanga. Ngā kaihanga a Womic SteelNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga ātete ASTM hei whakarite kia hototahi ki ngā tukanga hanga, whakarewa, me te tāutanga.
Ripanga 2 – Ngā Ātete Ahu
| Tawhā | Manawanui e Whakaaetia ana |
| Diameter o Waho | ±0.75% |
| Matotoru o te Pakitara | ±10% |
| Roa | +3 mm / 0 |
| Te tika | ≤1/1000 o te roa o te ngongo |
| Ovality | I roto i te manawanui OD |
Mā ēnei manawanui ka whakarite kiaNgā ngongo pūwero ASTM A213 T11kia mau tonu te taunga tika i te wā e tāuta ana ki ngā pūnaha poiha pēhanga teitei.
4. Te Hanganga Matū o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213 T11
Te mahi aNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11Ka tutuki mā te hanganga koranu e āta whakahaeretia ana. Ka whakapai ake te chromium i te ātete waikura, ko te molybdenum ka whakanui ake i te kaha ngoki i ngā pāmahana teitei.
Ripanga 3 – Te Hanganga Matū o te ASTM A213 T11
| Huānga | Te hanganga (%) |
| Waro (C) | 0.05 – 0.15 |
| Manganēhi (Mn) | 0.30 – 0.60 |
| Whēkau (P) | ≤0.025 |
| Whānariki (S) | ≤0.025 |
| Hiraka (Si) | 0.50 – 1.00 |
| Konukōmiuma (Kr) | 1.00 – 1.50 |
| Molibdenuma (Mo) | 0.44 – 0.65 |
Mā tēnei hanganga koranu ka taeaNgā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T11kia pono ai te mahi i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana tiketike me te pēhanga tiketike.
5. Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o ngā Ngongo ASTM A213 T11
He mea nui te kaha ā-ringa mō ngā ngongo e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha pōro me ngā pūnaha whakawhiti wera.Ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga āhuatanga mīhini tino pakari kua tautuhia e te paerewa ASTM.
Ripanga 4 – Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-Mīhini
| Taonga | Whakaritenga |
| Kaha Kume | ≥415 MPa |
| Te Kaha o te Hua | ≥205 MPa |
| Te whakaroa | ≥30% |
| Te pakeketanga | ≤85 HRB |
Mā ēnei āhuatanga miihini ka taeaNgā ngongo pūwero ASTM A213 T11hei tu atu i te ahotea wera me te pēhanga o roto i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa.
6. Tukanga Hanga o ngā Ngongo Tuitui ASTM A213 T11
I Womic Steel,Ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11ka hangaia mā roto i tētahi tukanga hanga maeneene e tino whakahaeretia ana. Ka aroturukitia ia wāhanga o te hanga hei whakarite i te pono o te whakarewa me te tika o ngā āhuatanga.
Te tukanga hanga noa:
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata → Tapahi Pire → Whakamahana → Wera Wera → Hurihuri Wera → Maimoatanga Wera → Whakatikatika → Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro → Tirotiro Whakamutunga → Tākai
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakaputa ko:
• Ngā pereki maitai koranu kounga teitei mai i ngā mira whaimana
• Ngā taputapu hurihuri wera matatau e whakarite ana i te matotoru o te pakitara kia ōrite
• Ngā taputapu whakatikatika me te whakaoti tika
• Te whai i te wera o ngā rauemi mata ki te ngongo kua oti
Mā ēnei mana whakahaere hangarau ka whakarite kiangongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T11e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o ngā paerewa taputapu pēhanga o te ao.
7. Ngā Whakaritenga Maimoatanga Wera
He mea nui te maimoatanga wera hei whakatutuki i te hanganga moroiti me ngā āhuatanga miihini e hiahiatia ana oNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11Ka whakapai ake te maimoatanga wera tika i te kaha, te pakari, me te pumau i te pāmahana teitei mō te wā roa.
Ko ngā tikanga maimoatanga wera noa ko:
• Te whakamahana katoa
• Te whakamahana isothermal
• Tukanga whakamatao whakahaeretia
Mā ēnei maimoatanga ka whakarite kia ōrite te hanganga o te witi, ā, ka roa ake te mau o teNgā ngongo pūwero ASTM A213 T11i raro i te mahi tonu i te pāmahana tiketike.
8. Te Tirotiro me te Whakamātautau
Ko te whakahaere kounga he wāhanga nui o te whakaputangaNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11Ka whakahaerehia e Womic Steel ngā tirotiro whānui hei whakapūmau i te pono o te hua.
Whakamātautau Ā-tinana me te Whakamātautau Ā-ringa
• Whakamātautau kume
• Whakamātautau mārō
• Whakamātautau whakapapatahi
• Whakamātautau mura
• Whakamātautau pēhanga waipū
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro
• Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT)
• Whakamātautau iahiko eddy (ET)
• Whakamātautau matūriki aukume (MT) mēnā e hiahiatia ana
Tiwhikete
KatoaNgā ngongo ASTM A213 T11ka taea te tuku mai me:
•Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira EN 10204 3.1
•EN 10204 3.2 Tiwhikete Tirotiro a te Rōpū Tuatoru
•Ngā tuhinga mō te hanganga ture PED 2014/68/EU
Tērā pea kei roto i ngā whakahaere tirotiro tuatoruSGS, BV, TÜV, me te DNV.
9. Ngā Ratonga Tukatuka me te Hanga
Haunga te tukuNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11, ka whakaratohia hoki e Womic Steel te whānuitanga o ngā ratonga hanga me te tukatuka hei tautoko i ngā whakaritenga tāutanga kaupapa.
Kei roto i ngā ratonga tukatuka:
• Te piko me te hanga o ngā ngongo
• Ngā ngongo piko-U mō ngā whakawhiti wera
• Te tapahi me te miihini tika
• Te hanga i mua i te takai paipa
• Te keri me te whakarite pito motuhake
Mā ēnei ratonga ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whiwhingā wāhanga kua rite ki te tāuta, ka tino whakaiti i te wā tāutanga parae.
10. Ngā tono o ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11
Nā te mea he kaha rawa ki te pāmahana teitei me te ātete ki te waikura,Ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha ahumahi pāmahana teitei.
Ko ngā tono noa ko:
• Ngā ngongo pūwero o te tipu hiko
• Ngā ngongo whakamahana nui
• Ngā paipa whakawhiti wera
• Ngā taputapu tukatuka hinu
• Ngā paipa pāmahana-tiketike i roto i ngā whare hanga hinu
Te pakari oNgā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T11he mea nui ēnei mō te pūngao hou me ngā hanganga ahumahi.
11. Te Kaha Whakaputa me ngā Painga Tukunga
He kaha tonu te kaha whakaputa a Womic Steel mōNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11e tautokona ana e te pumau o te tuku rauemi mata me ngā taputapu hanga matatau.
Ko ngā painga o ā mātou mahi whakaputa ko:
• He maha ngā raina whakaputa ngongo tuikore
• He pai te tuku o ngā pereki maitai koranu pumau mai i ngā mira whai tohu
• Ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga me te tirotiro tino pakari
• Whakaritenga hanga ngāwari mō ngā ota kaupapa
Ko te roanga o te wā whakaputa noa mai i te15 ki te 35 ngā rā e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaritenga me te rahinga ota.
He mea nui,Kāore a Womic Steel e hiahia ana ki tētahi rahinga iti rawa otaAhakoangā wahi takitahi, ngā rahinga iti rānei o ngā ngongo ASTM A213 T11ka taea te tuku hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia tiaki me ngā kaupapa.
12. Te Tākai me te Whakahaere Rorohiko ā-Ao
Hei whakarite i te haumaru o te kawe waka,Ngā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T11kua tākaihia mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tiaki taumata kaweake.
Ko ngā kōwhiringa mōkihi ko:
• Ngā paihere here rino
• Ngā pouaka rakau e tika ana mō te moana
• Ngā taupoki pito tiaki kirihou
• Paninga hinu ārai-waikura
• Tākai ā-wai
He nui ngā wheako o Womic Steel ki ngā mahi kawe waka o te ao, ā, ka whakaratohia e ia ngā otinga tuku pono mā teutanga moana, kawe tereina, me ngā ratonga kawe waka maha, kia haumaru ai, kia tere ai hoki te tuku puta noa i te ao.
13. He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te maitai Womic mō ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11
Hei kaiwhakarato pono oNgā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11, ka whakakotahi a Womic Steel i te tohungatanga hanga, te kaha whakaputa kaha, me te wheako kaupapa o te ao.
Ko ngā painga matua ko:
• Te whakatutuki katoa i ngā whakaritengaNgā paerewa ASTM A213 / ASME SA213
•Tiwhikete PED mō ngā kaupapa taputapu pēhanga Pākehā
•Ngā tuhinga tirotiro EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2
• Ngā whare whakamātautau me te tirotiro matatau
• Ngā rahinga ota ngāwari me te urupare tere
• Ngā ratonga miihini ritenga me te hanga-mua
• Te pumau o te tuku rauemi mata e whakarite ana i te tuku pono
Mā ēnei kaha ka taea e Womic Steel te whakarato i te ratonga ponoNgā ngongo maitai koranu korekore ASTM A213 T11mō te whakaputa hiko, te hinu matū, me ngā pūnaha paipa ahumahi puta noa i te ao.
14.Ngā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213 – Awhe Rahi Whakaputa
Ngā kaihanga maitai o WomicNgā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui Rino Konumohe ASTM A213 Tau T5, ASTM A213 Tau T9, me ASTM A213 Tau T11i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā diameter me ngā rārangi matotoru pakitara e tika ana mō ngā kohua, ngā whakawhiti wera, me te ratonga pehanga pāmahana teitei.
Ripanga Rahi Whakaputa Paerewa
| Rahi Paipa Ingoa (NPS) | Diameter o Waho (OD) | Te Matotoru o te Pakitara e Wātea ana (Rārangi) | Whakaahuatanga Hua |
| 1/2″ NB | 21.3 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5 |
| 3/4″ Tuhipoka | 26.7 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5 |
| 1″ NB | 33.4 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5 |
| 1 1/4″ Tuhipoka | 42.2 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9 |
| 1 1/2″ NB | 48.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9 |
| 2″ NB | 60.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 2 1/2″ NB | 73 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 3″ NB | 88.9 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 4″ NB | 114.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 5″ NB | 141.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 6″ NB | 168.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 8″ NB | 219.1 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 10″ NB | 273 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
| 12″ NB | 323.9 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11 |
Ka tukuna ēnei whakaritenga katoa heiNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5, Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9, meNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa.
15Ripanga Whakataurite mō ngā Tohu Rino Koranu ASTM A213
Ngā taumata rerekē i roto i teNgā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213Ko te paerewa e whakarato ana i ngā momo ihirangi chromium me te molybdenum mō te kaha pāmahana teitei me te ātete ki te waikura.
Ripanga Whakataurite Rauemi
| Tau | Ngā Huānga Whakakotahi Matua | Ātete Pāmahana Noa | Ngā Āhuatanga Matua | Ngā tono noa |
| ASTM A213 T5 | Rino Koranu Cr-Mo | Tae atu ki te 600°C | He ātete pai ki te waikura | Ngā kohua, ngā whakawhiti wera |
| ASTM A213 T9 | Koranu Chromium Teitei | Tae atu ki te 650°C | Te kaha ngoki kua whakapaitia | Ngā ngongo tipu hiko |
| ASTM A213 T11 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Koranu | Tae atu ki te 580°C | He kaha tino pai ki te pāmahana teitei | Ngā ngongo whakamahana nui me ngā ngongo poiha |
| ASTM A213 T22 | 2.25Cr-1Mo Koranu | Tae atu ki te 650°C | Te ātete ngoki teitei | Ngā paipa teihana hiko |
| ASTM A213 T91 | 9Cr-1Mo Koranu | Tae atu ki te 700°C | Ātete ngokingoki matatau | Ngā poiha tino-tino-tino |
I roto i ēnei rauemi,Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5, Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9, meNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto ingā ngongo paera, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui, me ngā pūnaha ngongo whakawhiti wera.
16Ngā Ngongo Rino Koranu ASTM A213 Kupumatua Matrix
Mā te matihiko kupumatua e whai ake nei ka āwhina i ngā miihini rapu me ngā kaihangarau ki te tautuhi i ngā tohutoro ā-ahu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mōNgā Ngongo Kore-Tuitui o te Rino Koranu ASTM A213.
Rahi o te Ngongo ASTM A213 Kupumatua Matrix
1/2″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5
3/4″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5
1″ NB i roto i te Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i roto iNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9
1 1/2″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9
2″ NB i roto i te Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i roto iNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
3″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
4″ NB i roto i te Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i roto iNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
6″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
8″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
10″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
12″ NB Matotoru Wāhanga 20, Wāhanga 30, Wāhanga STD, Wāhanga 40, Wāhanga 60, Wāhanga 80, Wāhanga 100, Wāhanga 120, Wāhanga 160, Wāhanga XXS i rotoNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11
Mā ēnei rārangi ā-ahu ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te kimi ngāwari i ngā mea e wātea anaNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T5, Ngā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T9, meNgā Ngongo Konumohe Konumohe ASTM A213 Grade T11mai i Womic Steel.
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