He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo paera maitai ASTM A213 i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, ina kore pea e ranea te kaha ā-ringa, te pumau rānei o te wera o ngā ngongo maitai waro. He mea hanga motuhake ēnei ngongo mōngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakamahana anō, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā pūnaha poihau pāmahana teiteie mahi ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, i ngā whare hinu matū, me ngā taputapu whakamahana o te whare whakapai hinu.
Ki te whakataurite ki ngā ngongo kōhua maitai waro pērā iASTM A192 me ASTM A210, ngā ngongo maitai koranu i tautuhia i raro i teNgā whakatakotoranga ASTM A213he ātete nui ake ki te ngoki, te waikura, me te ahotea wera mō te wā roa. Nā ēnei painga, he mea noa te whakamahi i ngā ngongo ASTM A213 i roto i ngā pūnaha poiha tipu hiko hou, ina taea e ngā pāmahana te neke ake i te rau ngā nekehanga Celsius mō ngā wā mahi roa.
Hei tohunga ngaiokaihanga ngongo kōhua, He whānuitanga o ngā ngongo kōhua maitai koranu ASTM A213 e hangaia ana e Womic Steel., tae atu ki ngā māka pēnei i teT5, T9, T11, T12, T22, T91, me ētahi atu maitai koranu pāmahana teitei. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei ngongo ki roto ingā ngongo whakamahana nui, ngā ngongo whakamahana anō, me ngā ngongo whakawhiti weramō ngā kaupapa pūngao me ngā kaupapa hanganga ahumahi o te ao.
E kapi ana te whakatakotoranga ASTM A213 i ngā ngongo maitai ferritic me te austenitic kore hononga e hangaia ana mō te mahi pāmahana teitei. Kei roto i te whakatakotoranga he maha ngā momo rauemi kua hangaia mō ngā āhuatanga whakahaere rerekē. Ko ētahi momo kua arotauhia mō ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, ko ētahi kua hangaia mō ngā tono pāmahana me te pēhanga tino teitei i roto i ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko matatau.
Ko ngā momo maitai koranu e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te paerewa ASTM A213 ko ētahi maitai koranu chromium-molybdenum e whakarato ana i te ātete nui ake ki te whakarerekētanga pāmahana teitei. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei rauemi i roto i ngā poiha tipu hiko nā te mea ka whakapai ake te chromium i te ātete waikura, ko te molybdenum ka whakanui ake i te kaha ngoki.
Kei raro nei he tirohanga whānui mō ētahi momo maitai koranu ASTM A213 e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
| Taumata ASTM A213 | Ngā Huānga Matua o te Koranu | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| T5 | Chromium-Molybdenum | Ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā kohua pāmahana reo |
| T9 | Chromium-Molybdenum | Ngā paipa pāmahana teitei |
| T11 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo | Ngā poiha o te tipu hiko |
| T12 | Chromium-Molybdenum | Ngā taputapu pāmahana teitei |
| T22 | 2.25Cr-1Mo | Ngā ngongo whakamahana nui me ngā ngongo whakamahana anō |
| T91 | Te maitai whakarewa matatau | Ngā poiha tino-tino-tino |
I roto i ēnei rauemi,Ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11 me ASTM A213 T22koinei ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha poiha ahumahi. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei momo he kaha tino pai i ngā pāmahana teitei, me te pupuri tonu i te kaha whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga hanga pai.
Ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T11kei roto tata ki te 1.25% te chromium me te 0.5% te molybdenum. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei hanganga he ātete pai ake ki te waikura pāmahana teitei ki te whakataurite ki ngā rauemi maitai waro pēnei i teASTM A192 me ASTM A210. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo T11 i roto ingā ngongo paera, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui, me ngā ngongo whakawhiti werai roto i ngā whare whakaputa hiko.
Ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 T22kei roto ngā taumata teitei ake o te chromium me te molybdenum, tata ki te 2.25% te chromium me te 1% te molybdenum. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei hanganga he kaha ngoki me te pumau wera mo te wa roa. Nā ēnei āhuatanga, ka whakamahia pinepine ngā ngongo T22 ki rotongā pūnaha whakamahana pāmahana teitei me ngā ngongo whakamahana anōi roto i ngā tipu hiko o ēnei rā.
He mea nui te rerekētanga o ngā hanganga matū i waenga i ngā ngongo maitai koranu T11 me T22 ki te whakatau i tā rātou mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei. Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei he whakataurite ngāwari i waenga i ēnei rauemi ngongo poihau nui e rua.
| Rauemi | Ihirangi Chromium | Ihirangi Molibdenum | Awhe Pāmahana Noa |
| T11 | ~1.25% | ~0.5% | Te pāmahana waenga-teitei |
| T22 | ~2.25% | ~1.0% | Ngā tono pāmahana teitei ake |
Nā te nui haere o te ihirangi koranu,Ko ngā ngongo T22 he pai ake te kaha o te pāmahana me te ātete ngokingoki i ngā ngongo T11.Heoi anō, kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonutia ngā ngongo T11 nā te mea he pai te whakakotahitanga o te kaha, te ngāwari ki te whakarewa, me te whai hua o te utu.
Ka tīmata te tukanga hanga o ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 me ngā pire koranu maitai kua tīpakohia kia āta. Me tutuki i ēnei pire ngā whakaritenga hanganga matū tino pakari kua tautuhia e te paerewa ASTM. Kia oti te manatoko i te rauemi pire, ka whakamahanahia, ka werohia kia hanga he anga ngongo tuwhera mā te whakamahi i te tukanga wero wera e rite ana ki ētahi atu tikanga hanga ngongo kore hononga.
I muri i te hanganga o te ngongo tuwhera tuatahi, ka uru pea ki te tukatuka anō te hurihuri wera, te tuhi matao rānei, i runga i ngā whakaritenga ā-rahi o te hua whakamutunga.He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tuhi matao ina hiahiatia he ine tika teitei, inā koa mōngā ngongo whakawhiti wera me ngā pūnaha ngongo poihamēnā e tika ana ngā manawanui pūmau.
Kei te whakahaerehia e Womic Steel ngā raina whakaputa ngongo tuimotu matatau e taea ai te whakaputa i ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 tino tika te kume.Kei roto i ēnei whare hanga ko ngā mīhini kukume makariri hou, ngā oumu maimoatanga wera, ngā taputapu whakatikatika, me ngā pūnaha tirotiro kore-whakangaro. Mā roto i ngā tukanga hanga whakahaeretia, ka whakarite a Womic Steel i ngā āhuatanga miihini ōrite me te tika o ngā āhuatanga mō ia ngongo poiha maitai koranu.
He taahiraa nui te whakamahana i roto i te hanga o ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213. Ko ngā maitai koranu pēnei i te T11 me te T22 me tino whakahaere te whakamahana kia tutuki ai te hanganga moroiti me ngā āhuatanga miihini tika. Ko ngā tukanga whakataurite me te whakamahana e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakapai ake i te kaha, te pakari, me te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga wera.
Haunga te mana whakahaere hanga, me tino tirotirohia te kounga o ngā ngongo poiha maitai koranu. Nā te mea ka mahi ēnei ngongo i roto i ngā taiao tino uaua, ko ngā hapa o te rauemi ka arahi pea ki te pakaru o ngā taputapu.
Ko ngā tikanga tirotiro noa ko:
• Whakamātautau ultrasonic hei kite i ngā hapa o roto
• Whakamātautau i te au hurihuri mō ngā hapa o te mata
• Whakamātautau pēhanga waipū hei manatoko i te ātete pēhanga
• Tātari hanganga matū me te whakamātautau āhuatanga miihini
At Womic Steel, ka tirotirohia te kounga o ia puranga o ngā ngongo paipa rino ASTM A213 i mua i te tuku. Kei te pupuri te kamupene i ngā taputapu whakamātautau matatau me ngā tīma tirotiro mātau hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa o te ao tae atu kiASTM A213, ASTM A210, ASTM A192, me EN10216 P235GH.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā ngongo maitai ASTM A213 i roto i ngā pūnaha poiha o ngā tipu hiko hou. I roto i ēnei whare, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā ngongo heingā ngongo whakamahana nui, ngā ngongo whakamahana anō, me ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera pāmahana teiteiKa mahi ēnei wāhanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga wera nui rawa atu, ina neke ake pea te pāmahana i te 500°C, i runga ake rānei i roto i ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko matatau.
Nā te mea he tino ātete ki te ngokingoki me te kaha ki te pāmahana teitei, ko ngā rauemi pēnei i teASTM A213 T11 me ASTM A213 T22He mea nui ēnei hei pupuri i te pono mō te wā roa o ēnei pūnaha. Mā te kaha o ngā ngongo maitai koranu ki te tu atu i ngā huringa ahotea wera me te roa o te wā e pāngia ana e ngā pāmahana teitei ka pumau te mahi a ngā poiha me ngā whakawhiti wera mō ngā tau maha.
Haunga ngā whare whakaputa hiko, ka whakamahia whānuitia hoki ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 i roto ingā whare hanga hinu, ngā tipu hinu matū, me ngā pūnaha whakamahana ahumahiE hiahiatia ana e ēnei ahumahi he rauemi paipa pono e kaha ana ki te whakahaere i ngā wai pāmahana teitei me ngā taiao waikura, me te pupuri tonu i te kounga o te hanganga.
Me te nui o te wheako ki te hanga ngongo tuimotu,Ka tukuna e Womic Steel ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213 kounga teitei mō ngā kiritaki ahumahi o te ao.. E whakarato ana te kamupene i te whānuitanga katoa o ngā rauemi ngongo poihau tae atu kiNgā ngongo maitai waro ASTM A192, ngā ngongo poiha ASTM A210, ngā ngongo maitai koranu ASTM A213, me ngā ngongo poiha tuimotu EN10216 P235GH.
Haunga ngā ngongo tika paerewa, ka tukuna anō hoki e Womic Steelratonga hanga ritenga mō ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera, tae atu kiNgā ngongo piko-U, ngā ngongo serpentine, ngā ngongo piko-maha, me ngā huihuinga ngongo āhua motuhakeKa tautokohia e ēnei otinga whakarite ngā kamupene hangarau me ngā kaihanga taputapu ki te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha whakawhiti wera whai hua.
I te whanaketanga tonu o ngā hanganga pūngao ahumahi, kei te kaha tonu te hiahia mō ngā rauemi paipa pāmahana teitei pono. Ka whai wāhi nui tonu ngā paipa poiha maitai koranu i hangaia kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga ASTM A213 i roto i te whakaputa hiko hou, te tukatuka matū hinu, me ngā pūnaha whakawhiti wera ahumahi.
Mā te hangarau hanga matatau, ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga tino pakari, me te wheako whānui ki te hanga ngongo tuimotu,Kei te haere tonu a Womic Steel ki te whakarato i ngā ngongo poiha maitai koranu mahi teitei mō ngā kaupapa ahumahi o te ao.Ko ngā rauemi pēnei i te ASTM A213 T11 me te T22 he mea nui tonu hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whai hua o te whakahaere o ngā pūnaha poihau hou.
Kaihanga Ngongo Paipa Rino Womic – Ngā Mōhiohio Whakapā
He kaihanga ngaio a Womic Steel e tohunga ana ki ngā ngongo poihau kore hononga, ngā ngongo tika kua kumea matao, ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera, me ngā ngongo piko U mō ngā kaupapa ahumahi o te ao. Mā ngā taputapu whakaputa matatau me ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga tino pakari, ka tukuna e Womic Steel ngā otinga ngongo mahi teitei e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao tae atu ki te ASTM A192, ASTM A210, ASTM A213, EN10216 P235GH, me ngā momo momo maitai koranu me te maitai kore waikura.
Hei kaihanga ngongo poiha mohio, ka tukuna e Womic Steel te whānuitanga o ngā hua pēnei i ngā ngongo poiha kore hononga, ngā ngongo kumea matao, ngā ngongo poiha maitai koranu, ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera maitai kore waikura, me ngā ngongo piko U i hangaia kia rite ki te hiahia. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei hua i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā poiha ahumahi, ngā whare hinu matū, ngā whare whakapai hinu, me ngā pūnaha whakawhiti wera.
Ka taea e Womic Steel te whakaputa i ngā āhua ngongo ritenga tae atu ki ngā ngongo U, ngā ngongo serpentine, ngā ngongo piko-maha, me ngā ngongo koiri, hei tautoko i ngā kamupene hangarau me ngā kaihanga taputapu me te kaha hanga pono me te kounga hua pumau.
Me ngā tīma whakaputa ngaio me ngā raina hanga hou, ka whakarite a Womic Steel i te kounga pumau, ngā ine tika, me te tuku pono mō ia kaupapa.
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