1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He kaihanga matua a Womic Steel Group, he kaihokohoko hoki o te ao, me te neke atu i te 20 tau o te tohungatanga ki te whakaputa hua ngongo waro, koranu, me te maitai kore waikura. Ko tā mātou whare whakaputa paipa ERW hou rawa atu e kapi ana i te kaha whakaputa whānui neke atu i te 15,000 tana ia marama mō ngā paipa maitai whakarewa ātete hiko.
Te whānuitanga o te rahi o te whakaputanga mō te paipa EN 10217 P235GH ERW:Ko te whānui o waho mai i te 21.3mm ki te 610mm (1/2 inihi ki te 24 inihi) me te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 2.0mm ki te 20.0mm. Ka taea te whakarite i te roa matapōkere takitahi o te 6m, te roa matapōkere takirua o te 12m, te roa ritenga rānei e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā Tiwhikete Kounga me ngā Whakatutukitanga Ture:
ISO 9001:2015 Whaimana:He pūnaha whakahaere kounga e whakarite ana i te kounga o ngā hua puta noa i ngā mahi katoa.
Tohu CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Te tutuki katoa i ngā Ture Taputapu Pēhanga a Ūropi mō ngā tono pēhanga. Kua whakaratohia te tohu CE me te Whakapuakitanga Mahi (DoP) kia whakaaetia ai te mākete Ūropi.
Tiwhikete EN 10204 3.2:Tiwhikete Tirotiro 3.2 kua whakamanahia e TÜV, LR, BV, SGS rānei mō ngā tono pēhanga nui e hiahia ana kia taea te whai katoa.
Ngā Whakaaetanga Tirotiro-Tuatoru (TPI):Ngā hua me ngā tukanga kua whakaaetia e SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, me TÜV.
Ngā Tiwhikete Tāpiri:E wātea ana te ISO 14001, te ISO 45001 rānei mēnā ka tonoa mai.
Te Whakamihi Ao Whānui:He kaiwhakarato pono a Womic Steel ki ngā kaihanga poiha, ki ngā kaihanga oko pēhanga, ki ngā tipu hiko, me ngā whakaurunga hinu-matū, e mahi ana ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 80 puta noa i te ao.
2. Paipa Rino EN 10217 P235GH ERW: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te EN 10217 P235GH he ngongo maitai kore-konumohe i hangaia mō ngā take pēhanga i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ko te "P" e tohu ana i te kaupapa pēhanga, ko te "235" e tohu ana i te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 235 MPa, ko te "G" e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei, ā, ko te "H" e tohu ana i te whakamātautau waipēhi (pēhanga waipūmau). Ko te nama tohu 1.0345 te tohu tau i raro i te EN 10027-2.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te P265GH (hua 265 MPa) me te P355GH (hua 355 MPa), he kaha pai te P235GH i ngā pāmahana reo, ā, he tino pai hoki te kaha ki te whakarewa me te hanga. He pai te P235GH mō te mahi tonu i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 400°C, ā, koinei te whiringa pai mō ngā pahu poiha, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā oko pēhanga i roto i te mahi pāmahana reo.
Te Hanganga Matū o te Paipa Rino EN 10217 P235GH ERW (Tātaritanga Koro, % mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | C mōrahi | Si max | Mn mōrahi | P mōrahi | S mōrahi | Teitei rawa o te Cr | Cu mōrahi | Mo te mōrahi | Ni mōrahi |
| P235GH | 0.16 | 0.35 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
*Kia mōhio: Ko te nui o te konumohe (Al) me 0.020% te iti rawa. Ko te tapeke o te Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni kaua e neke ake i te 0.70%. Ko te iti o te waro me te iti o te koranu ka whakarite kia tino pai te whakarewa me te hanga mō te hanga taputapu pēhanga.*
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o te Paipa Rino EN 10217 P235GH ERW (Pamahana Rūma):
| Matotoru o te Pakitara (mm) | Kaha Hua (min) | Kaha Kume | Te roa (min) |
| t ≤ 16mm | 235 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 16mm < t ≤ 40mm | 225 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 40mm < t ≤ 60mm | 215 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 23% |
Kia mōhio: Ka mau tonu te kaha whai hua o te P235GH tae atu ki te 400°C. Mō ngā pāmahana teitei ake (neke atu i te 400°C), e taunakihia ana te P265GH, ngā momo koranu rānei pērā i te 16Mo3.
Paipa Rino EN 10217 P235GH ERW Kaha Tukunga Pāmahana Teitei:
| Te pāmahana (°C) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
| Kaha Hua (MPa) | 225 | 190 | 170 | 165 | 155 |
Kia mōhio: Ko ēnei uara e tohu ana i te kaha whakaputa iti rawa i ngā pāmahana teitei, e whakaatu ana i te pai o te P235GH mō ngā tono pūwero me te whakawhiti wera.
Ngā Āhuatanga Pānga o te Paipa Rino EN 10217 P235GH ERW:
| Aronga Whakamātautau | Te pāmahana | Pūngao Toharite (min) | Pūngao Takitahi (min) |
| Roa | 0°C | 27 Joules | 20 Joules |
| Whakapae | 0°C | 27 Joules | 20 Joules |
*Kia mōhio: Me whai whakamātautau pānga mō te P235GH i raro i te EN 10217-2. Mō ngā tono pāmahana iti i raro i te 0°C, kāore i te nuinga o te wā ka tohua te P235GH.*
3. Te Awhe Ahu o ngā Paipa Rino EN 10217 P235GH ERW me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
Ka whakarato a Womic Steel i ngā paipa EN 10217 P235GH ERW puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga, e tutuki katoa ana i te paerewa EN 10217-2:2024.
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | EN 10217-2:2024 (Ngā ngongo maitai whakarewa mō ngā take pēhanga - Ngā ngongo maitai kore-koranu me te koranu me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei kua tohua) |
| Tau | P235GH (1.0345) |
| Tukanga Hanga | Te Whakarewa Ātete Hiko (ERW) / Te Whakarewa Auautanga Teitei (HFW) |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 21.3mm – 610mm (1/2 inihi – 24 inihi) |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | 2.0mm – 20.0mm |
| Roa | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), ngā roa ritenga rānei tae atu ki te 18m |
| Āhua Tukunga | Kua Whakarewahia / Kua Whakaōritea (+N) |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maeneene (PE) / Pito Whakapiko (BE) |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga / Hinuhia / Pango Panipani |
| Kāwai Tirotiro | TC1 (tiwhikete 2.2) / TC2 (tiwhikete 3.1 me te NDT) |
| Ngā Manawanui | OD: ±1.0% / Taumaha: ±10% / Roa: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana - Paipa Rino ERW
| NB | Rahi | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Kia mōhio: Tērā pea ka rerekē te matotoru o te pakitara i runga i te whānui o te paipa me te kaha hanga. E wātea ana ngā ine ritenga i waho atu i tēnei awhe mēnā ka tonoa.
5. Ngā Paerewa Paipa Rino ERW Noa i Hangaia e Womic Steel
| Paerewa | Ngā Māka Auau | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| API 5L (Whakatakotoranga mō te Paipa Raina) | ||
| API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Te tuku hinu me te hau, ngā paipa o uta/o tāwāhi |
| Paipa Raina ASTM me te Paipa Hanganga | ||
| ASTM A53 (Whakatakotoranga mō te Paipa, te Rino, te Mangu me te Toia-wera, te Paninga-Konutea, te Whakarewa me te Tuitui Kore) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, hau, mamaoa, hau, ngā tono hanganga |
| ASTM A135 (Whakatakotoranga mō te Paipa Rino Ātete-Hiko-Whakapiri) | GR.A, GR.B | Ngā ratonga wai, hau, mamaoa, me te whare whakapai |
| ASTM A252 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Puranga Paipa Rino Whakarewahia me te Tuitui Kore) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Te whakatū pou turanga, te whakatū pou moana, te turanga piriti |
| ASTM A500 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Hanganga Rino Waro kua Whakarewahia Matao me te Kore-Tuitui) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Ngā ngongo hanganga, ngā anga hanga, ngā piriti |
| ASTM A501 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Hanganga Rino Waro kua Whakarewahia me te Kore-Tuitui) | GR.A, GR.B | Ngā tono hanganga taumaha, ngā pou, ngā taura |
| ASTM Boiler & Wera Whakawhiti (ERW) | ||
| ASTM A178 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Waro Rino Ātete-Hiko me ngā Ngongo Kohua Rino Waro-Mangane) | Tau A, C, D | Ngā ngongo pūwero, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui |
| ASTM A214 (Whakatakotoranga mō te Whakawhiti Wera me ngā Ngongo Whakakōkī Rino Waro Ātete-Hiko) | — | Ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā whakapūmau |
| ASTM A250 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo me ngā Ngongo Whakamahana Nui o te Kohua Rino Ferritic Ātete-Hiko) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | Te poihau pāmahana teitei me te whakamahana nui |
| ASTM A334 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Rino Waro me te Koranu Tuitui me te Whakarewa mō te Ratonga Pāmahana-Iti) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Ratonga pāmahana iti, cryogenic |
| Ngā Paerewa EN / DIN / BS | ||
| EN 10217-1 (Ngā ngongo maitai whakarewa mō ngā take pēhanga - Ngā ngongo maitai kore-koranu me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rūma kua tohua) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Ngā oko pēhanga, ngā pahu pūwero, ngā paipa pēhanga teitei |
| EN 10217-2 (Ngā ngongo maitai whakarewa mō ngā take pēhanga - Ngā ngongo maitai kore-koranu me te koranu me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei kua tohua) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Te pāmahana teitei, ngā ngongo poiha, ngā whakawhiti wera |
| EN 10219-1 (Ngā wāhanga rino kōhao i whakarewahia i te matao mō ngā kaupapa hanganga) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Ngā tono hanganga, te hanga whare, ngā piriti |
| EN 10210 (Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera wera o ngā maitai kore-koranu me ngā maitai angiangi) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Ngā wāhanga tuwhera kore hononga/whakarewa wera mō ngā kaupapa hanganga, te hanga whare, ngā piriti |
| EN 10025-2 (Ngā hua whakarewa-wera o ngā maitai hanganga - Ngā maitai hanganga kore-koranu) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Te hanganga maitai whānui, te hangarau ā-iwi |
| EN 10255 (Ngā ngongo maitai kore-konumohe e tika ana mō te whakarewa me te miro) | S195T, S235JRTH | Wai, hau, wai para, pūnaha paipa miro |
| EN 10305-2 (Ngā ngongo maitai mō ngā mahi tino tika - Ngā ngongo kumea matao kua whakarewahia) | E215, E235, E355 | Ngā tono tika, ngā rango waipēhi |
| BS 1387 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā ngongo me ngā ngongo maitai kua tīwirihia me ngā hononga) | Akomanga A, B, C | Wai, hau, mamaoa, tūāpapa, paipa miro |
| DIN 2458 (Ngā ngongo me ngā hononga maitai whakarewa - Ngā tikanga tuku hangarau whānui) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Ngā ngongo maitai whānui kua whakarewaina, ngā tono hanganga |
| ISO me Ētahi Atu Paerewa | ||
| ISO 3183 (Ngā ahumahi hinu me te hau māori - Paipa maitai mō ngā pūnaha kawe paipa) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Ngā paipa hinu me te hau (he rite te ISO ki te API 5L) |
| ISO 65 (Ngā ngongo maitai mō te wai, te hau, me te paru - Ngā ngongo miro) | Waenga, Taumaha | Wai, hau, waipara, paipa miro |
| CSA G40.21 (Rino kounga hanganga - paerewa Kānata) | 44W, 50W | Ngā tono hanganga (Kānata) |
| AS 1163 (Ngā wāhanga rino hanganga tuwhera - te paerewa o Ahitereiria) | C250, C350, C450 | Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera (Ahitereiria) |
| GOST 10706 (Ngā paipa rino whakarewa mō ngā paipa me ngā hanganga - te paerewa Rūhia) | Tiriti 20, Tiriti 35, Tiriti 45 | Ngā paipa, ngā tono hanganga (Rūhia) |
Whakamahinga:Te tuku hinu me te hau, te wai me te paru, ngā kaupapa hanganga, te whakatū papa, te turanga pou, te wai pēhanga teitei, te tukatuka matū, te whakaputa hiko, te hanga, te miihini moana, ngā ngongo poiha, ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakapūmau, te ratonga pāmahana iti, ngā tono tika, ngā rango waipēhi, ngā pūnaha paipa miro.
6. Tukanga Hanga - Paipa Rino ERW / HFW
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata:Ka manatokohia te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te kounga o te mata o ngā koiri rino e haere mai ana. Ka tohaina he tau wera ahurei ki ia koiri kia taea ai te whai i ngā mea katoa.
Te Wetewete me te Whakatakotoranga:Ka wetekina ngā koiri, ka whakatauritea hei whakawhāiti i te rīpene me te tango i te huinga koiri, kia rite ai te papatahi mō te hanganga ōrite.
Te Huri me te Kutikuti i te Tapa:Ka mirahia ngā taha e rua o te rīpene kia tino tika te whānui (±0.5mm), ka hangaia he mata ma, whakarara mō te hanganga whakarewa kounga teitei.
Te Hanga Matao:Ka haere te rīpene papatahi mā roto i ngā roera ka hanga mārire i te rīpene papatahi hei anga ngongo porotaka tuwhera.
Te Whakarewa Auau-Teitei (HFW/ERW):Mā te iahiko auau-tiketike (200-500 kHz) ka wera ngā taha e hono ana ki te pāmahana hanga (1,350-1,500°C). Mēnā ka pēhia ngā rōra, ka pēhia ngā taha kua wera kia kotahi, ka hangaia he whakarewa hanga, kāore he rauemi whakakī.
Te Tango i ngā Pīra Whakarewa:Ka tangohia te kanapa o roto, o waho hoki e ngā mata whakairo kāpia i te wā e wera ana, ka puta he mata maeneene me te iti o te whakakaha whakarewa.
Te Rahi:Ka pā te ngongo whakarewa ki roto i ngā rōra rahi kia tika ai te ātete OD (±0.5% ki te ±1.0%). Mēnā e hiahiatia ana, ka hangaia he āhua tapawhā/tapawhā hāngai mā roto i ngā rōra tāpiri.
Maimoatanga Wera (Whiringa):Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakataurite i te 890-930°C hei whakapai ake i te ngāwari, hei whakaiti rānei i te ahotea, kia puta ai he hanganga moroiti ferrite-pearlite ōrite.
Te tapahi ki te roa:Ka tapahia te paipa ki te roa kua tohua mā te whakamahi i ngā kani tapahi rere me te mana whakahaere tika (±3mm).
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro:
●Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT):Tirotiro 100% o te hononga whakarewa me te tinana paipa mō ngā whakapiringa, ngā whakaurunga, me te korenga o te hanumitanga.
●Whakamātautau Au Eddy (ET):Arotakenga kounga whakarewa ipurangi tonu.
●Whakamātautau Waipūmau:I whakamātauria ia paipa ki te 95% o te SMYS mō te iti rawa 10 hēkona.
Whakamutunga Whakamutunga:Ngā pito papatahi, ngā pito piko (30°-35° me te taunga 1.6mm), ngā pito miro rānei e ai ki ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki.
Arotakenga Whakamutunga me te Tohu:Tirotiro tirohanga, manatoko i ngā āhuatanga (OD, WT, roa, tika), me te tohu tuturu mō ia paerewa (tohu, rahi, tau wera, kaihanga).
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa |
| Rauemi Mata | Tātari Matū (Ine Matawai OES) | Manatokohia te tutuki i ngā herenga hanganga API 5L |
| Rauemi Mata | Whakamātautau Kume | Manatokohia te hua, te kaha kume, te roa |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Tirotiro Ahu (Maikoromita, Calipers) | Aroturukihia te OD, te WT i te wā e hangaia ana, e rahi ana hoki |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) - Ipurangi | Kitea ngā motumotu whakarewa, te korenga o te hanumitanga |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Au Eddy (ET) - Ipurangi | Te aroturuki tonu i te kounga o te tuitui whakarewa |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau-Makatoru o te Tuitui Whakarewa | Manatokohia te urunga whakarewa me te āhua hanumi |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau (10 hēkona meneti i te 95% SMYS) | Manatokohia te pumau o te pēhanga me te pūmau o te turuturu |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) - Tuimotu (Whiringa) | Arotakenga laminar tinana katoa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Matūriki Aukume (MPI) | Te kimi i ngā pakaru o te mata (whakarewa me te HAZ) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pānga Charpy V-Notch | Manatokohia te pakari o te pāmahana iti (PSL2) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pakeke (HRC / HV10) | Manatokohia ngā rohenga pakeke mōrahi (ratonga kawa) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Piko Arataki (Mata me te Pūtake) | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te whakarewa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te tinana o te paipa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Ahu me te Tirotiro Tirohanga | Manatokohia te OD, te WT, te roa, te tika, te kounga o te mata |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Manatoko Tohu | Me whakarite kia mau tonu te tohu mō ia API 5L |
Ngā Whakamātautau Tāpiri mō te PSL2 / Ratonga Waikawa:
● Whakamātautau HIC (Haukaru Pakū) mō NACE TM0284
● Whakamātautau SSC (Pakarutanga Āwangawanga Sulfide) i runga i te Tikanga A o NACE TM0177
● Whakamātautau Pānga CVN i te -10°C, -20°C, -46°C rānei
● Manatoko Pakari (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 mō te ātete HIC)
Ngā tuhinga kounga:
● Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira i raro i te EN 10204 Momo 2.2, 3.1, 3.2 rānei
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Waipūmau (paipa-i-te-paipa)
● Pūrongo Tirotiro UT / ET
Te whai i te tau wera ki te paipa kua oti
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua o te Paipa Rino ERW
He mea nui ngā paipa ERW mō te tuku hinu me te hau me ngā momo mahi ahumahi:
Te Tuku Hinu me te Hau:Ngā paipa tawhiti-roa i uta, i tai hoki mō te hinu mata, te hau māori, me ngā hua hinu kua whakapaia.
Te Kawe Wai Pēhanga-Teitei:Ngā paipa werohanga wai, ngā pūnaha whakakorenga wai kua whakaputaina, me te whakawhiti wai pēhanga teitei i roto i ngā mara hinu me ngā whare tukatuka.
Ngā Kaupapa Paipa o Tāmaki Makaurau:Ngā paipa kohikohi puta noa i te whenua, ngā paipa pūtake, me ngā paipa tohatoha i roto i ngā mara hinu me te hau.
Ngā Pūnaha Paipa o Tāwāhi:Ngā paipa rere wai i raro i te moana, ngā ara piki, me ngā paipa kaweake mō ngā papaaho taimoana me ngā otinga wai i raro i te moana (me ngā kōwhiringa ratonga PSL2 me te ratonga sour).
Ngā Taiao Ratonga Kawa:Ngā paipa e whakahaere ana i te hau kawa mākū (kei roto ko te H₂S) e hiahia ana ki te PSL2 me ngā whakaritenga tāpiri tae atu ki te ātete HIC me te SSC e ai ki ngā paerewa NACE.
Te Tukunga Wai:Ngā paipa wai whānui, ngā pūnaha whakamakuku, me te tuku wai mata mō ngā whakamahinga ā-tāone me ngā ahumahi.
Te Maimoatanga o te Para me te Wai Para:Ngā paipa whakaputanga para, ngā paipa o te whare maimoatanga, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere paru.
Ngā tono hanganga ahumahi:Ngā whata paipa, ngā tautoko, ngā tautoko, me ngā wāhanga hanganga i roto i ngā whare whakapai hinu, ngā wheketere hinu matū, me ngā whare ahumahi.
Ngā Whare Tukatuka Hinu me te Hau:Ngā raina rere, ngā pane hiko, ngā manifold, me ngā paipa honohono i roto i ngā whare tukatuka me ngā teihana kōpeketanga.
EPC me ngā Paipa Whakatipu:Ngā paipa tukatuka me ngā paipa whaipainga i roto i ngā whare whakapai hinu, ngā whare tukatuka hau, ngā whare matū me ngā whare whakaputa hiko.
9. Te Tākai me te Tukunga
Ka tākaihia, ka tukuna atu hoki ngā paipa ERW me te tino tupato kia tiakina ai i te wā e kawe ana. Anei te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga tākai me te tuku:
Tākai:
Paninga Tiaki:I mua i te tākai, ka pania pea ngā paipa ki tētahi paparanga angiangi o te hinu ārai-waikura, ki tētahi wanihi tiaki rānei hei ārai i te waikura me te waikura o te mata i te wā e rongoa ana, e kawe ana rānei. Kei te wātea hoki he paninga kau hei pani tonu ki te wāhi e tae atu ai.
Te whakakotahitanga:Ka herea ngā paipa o ngā rahi me ngā whakaritenga rite ki roto i ngā paipa hexagonal, he tapawhā rānei. Ka herea mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki maitai (ko te tikanga he 3-5 whitiki mō ia paipa) hei ārai i te nekenekehanga i roto i te paipa.
Ngā Taumata Mutunga:Ka whakanohoia ngā taupoki pito kirihou (PE, PP rānei) ki ngā pito e rua o ia paipa hei tiaki i ngā pito piko, ngā pito papatahi, me ngā hononga miro mai i te kino o te pānga, te urunga mai o ngā paru, me te makuku.
Whakakī me te Whakamarumaru:Mō ngā ota kaweake kounga teitei, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi whakakī pēnei i ngā mowhiti pahuka, i ngā rīpene rapa rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga paipa hei ārai i te pakū me te kino o te paninga i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Ngā Pouaka Rākau, Ngā Kete Rākau rānei:Mō ngā paipa angiangi, ngā ngongo tino tika, ngā ota paninga utu nui rānei, ka taea te tākai i ngā paipa ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau pakari, i ngā pouaka papa rakau rānei hei whakarato i te tiakitanga pai ake i ngā kaha o waho me te whakahaere taratara.
Tukunga:
Te Aratau Waka:Ka tukuna ngā paipa mā roto i ngā kaipuke ipu (20 putu/40 putu), ngā kaikawe nui, ngā uta tereina rānei, i runga i te ūnga, te rahinga, me te tere o te tuku. Kei te wātea ngā uta rererangi mō ngā tauira, ngā uta wā-poto rānei.
Te whakapūtanga ipu:Ko ngā ota iti ki te rahi e utaina ana ki roto i ngā ipu tuku noa, hei tiaki i ngā utanga mai i te huarere, te makuku, me ngā poke o waho i te wā e kawe ana.
Te Utaina o te Waka Nui:Ko ngā ota nui (te nuinga o te wā neke atu i te 200 tana) ka utaina tika ki roto i ngā kaikawe papatipu. Mā te hiki i ngā kurupae me ngā pae horapa ka ārai i te kino; mā te tango me te here i ngā utanga kia mau ki te nekehanga o te moana.
Te Tapanga me te Tuhituhi:Kua tohua mārama ia putea ki te tohu, te paerewa, ngā ine, te tau wera, me ngā tohutohu whakahaere. Ngā tuhinga katoa (nama hokohoko, rārangi tākai, pire uta, Tiwhikete Taketake, Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira) kua rite mō te whakawāteatanga tikanga.
Te Whakamau Haumaru:Ngā paihere i herea ki te whitiki rino, ki ngā putea tākai, ki ngā tautoko rakau rānei hei ārai i te neke, te hurihuri, te pakaru rānei i te wā e kawe ana.
Aroturuki me te Inihuarangatia:Kei te whakaratohia ngā tau aroturuki ipu hei aroturuki i te wā tonu. Kei te wātea te inihua utanga moana (Mōrearea Katoa, Mōrearea Toharite rānei) ina tonoa.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka whakarite a Womic Steel kia tākaihia ngā paipa ERW Steel katoa ki ngā tikanga tiaki matua o te ahumahi, ā, ka tukuna mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kawe pono kia tae atu ai ki tō rātou ūnga i roto i te āhua pai rawa atu. He mea nui ngā tikanga tākai me te tuku tika hei pupuri i te pono me te kounga o ngā hua ka tukuna.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Womic Steel
He aha koe i mahi tahi ai me Womic Steel?
Toa Kotahi-Mutu:Ko te whānuitanga katoa mai i ngā paipa API 5L ERW ki ngā hononga paipa OEM e ōrite ana (ngā Tuke, ngā Tī, ngā Whakaiti, ngā Āpiti, ngā Taupoki) i roto i ngā reanga rauemi hototahi, tae atu ki te maitai waro, te maitai koranu, me te maitai kore waikura.
Te Whakatutukitanga Hangarau:Ko ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira Katoa (EN 10204 Momo 2.2, 3.1, 3.2 rānei) e whakaratohia ana me ia uta, e whakaatu ana i ngā taipitopito o te hanganga matū tika, ngā hua whakamātautau miihini, me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau kore-whakangaro.
Ngā Ratonga Uara-Tāpiri:Kei te wātea mai i roto i te whare, i roto rānei i ngā whare hoahoa whai tohu te whakapiko pito (30°-35°), te miro me te hononga, te tāutanga o ngā taupoki kirihou, me te paninga ārai-waikura (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing).
Te Whakahaere Whakataetae:Mā te hononga rautaki me ngā kamupene tuku utanga o te ao ka whakarite kia pai ake te utaina o ngā ipu (kia nui ake te rahinga mō ia ipu) me te tuku kaipuke puta noa i te ao me te wā kawe pono.
Taonga me te Wātea:Nā te nui o ngā rahi paerewa API 5L X52 (2"-24" OD, Āpitihanga 10-80) ka poto te wā arahi me te tere o te urupare ki ngā whakaritenga kaupapa tere. Ka hangaia ngā rahi ritenga i runga i te tono me te wā arahi noa o te 30-45 rā.
Te Pūmanawa Ratonga Sour:Te kaha katoa ki te tuku i ngā paipa PSL2 me ngā whakamātautau HIC me SSC e ai ki ngā paerewa NACE mō ngā tono hau kawa. Te pakeke e whakahaeretia ana ki te ≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
Kōwhiria te Womic Steel Group hei hoa pono mō ngā Paipa Rino API 5L X52 ERW kounga teitei me te mahi tuku tino pai. Nau mai ki te uiui!
Paetukutuku: www.womicsteel.com
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Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te EN 10217 P235GH me te EN 10216 P235GH?
A: Ka hipokina e te EN 10217whakarewahiangā ngongo maitai (tukanga ERW/HFW), ko te EN 10216 e kapi ana ikore honongangā ngongo maitai. E rua ngā paerewa e tohu ana i te taumata P235GH me ngā whakaritenga matū me te miihini rite tonu. Ko te EN 10217 (whakarewa) he iti ake te utu, ā, e wātea ana i ngā roa roa. E hiahiatia ana te EN 10216 (kore hononga) mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei ake, i ngā wāhi rānei kāore e whakaaetia he hononga whakarewa e te waehere hoahoa. Mō te nuinga o ngā tono poiha me te oko pēhanga, e whakaaetia ana ngā mea e rua; heoi, he pai ake te hononga mō te ratonga pēhanga teitei nui.
P: He aha te pāmahana whakahaere mōrahi mō te P235GH?
A: He pai te P235GH mō te mahi tonu i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki400°CMō ngā pāmahana i waenga i te 400°C me te 500°C, e taunakihia ana te P265GH, te 16Mo3 rānei (te maitai koranu). Mō ngā pāmahana i runga ake i te 500°C, me whai whakaaro ki ngā momo koranu teitei ake pērā i te 13CrMo4-5, 10CrMo9-10 rānei. Me tirotiro tonu i ngā waehere hoahoa e tika ana (EN 13445, ASME Wāhanga I, me ētahi atu) mō ngā rohe pāmahana motuhake i runga i te matotoru o te pakitara me ngā tikanga ratonga.
P: Ka taea te whakamahi i te P235GH mō ngā tono Waehere ASME?
A: Kāore a P235GH i te rārangi tika i roto i te Wāhanga II o te ASME (ngā whakatakotoranga rauemi ASME). Heoi, e whakaaetia whānuitia ana mō ngā kaupapa o te ao i raro i ngā paerewa EN. Mō te tānga Waehere ASME, ko ngā rauemi ōrite ko te SA-106 GR.B (kore hononga) SA-53 GR.B rānei (kua whakarewahia) me ngā āhuatanga rite engari he rerekē ngā hoahoa e whakaaetia ana. Mō ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi ASME, ka taea e mātou te tuku atu i te SA-106 GR.B, SA-178 GR.A rānei hei huarahi kē atu. Tena koa homai tō whakatakotoranga kaupapa mō te kōwhiringa rauemi tika.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i te P235GH me te P265GH?
A: Ko te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te P235GH he 235 MPa, ko te P265GH ia he 265 MPa (kaha ake). He pai ake te āhua hanga me te kaha whakarewa o te P235GH nā te iti o te ihirangi waro (0.16% teitei vs 0.20% teitei). Ko te P235GH te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō ngā tono pāmahana/pēhanga taurite (ngā pahu kohua, ngā whakawhiti wera). Ka whakamahia te P265GH mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei ake e hiahiatia ana he kaha tāpiri. He rite tonu ngā rohe pāmahana teitei o ngā mea e rua (400°C).
Q: He aha ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro (NDT) e hiahiatia ana mō te EN 10217 P235GH?
A: Mō te TC1 (Wāhanga Whakamātautau 1): Me tirotiro ā-kanohi me te whakamātautau wai-pūmau. Mō te TC2 (Wāhanga Whakamātautau 2): Me tirotiro ā-kanohi, me whakamātautau wai-pūmau, me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro 100% (UT, ET rānei) o te hononga whakarewa. Mō ngā tono pēhanga nui, ko te TC2 te tikanga kua tohua. Ka taea e Womic Steel te whakarato i ngā taumata TC1 me te TC2. Mō te tiwhikete EN 10204 3.2, ko te TC2 me te kaiwhakaatu tuatoru te tikanga.
P: He aha te roa mōrahi e wātea ana mō ngā paipa ERW EN 10217 P235GH?
A: Ka tukuna e mātou ngā roa pumau paerewa o te 6 mita me te 12 mita (tata ki te 20 me te 40 putu) mō ngā diameter tae atu ki te 610mm (24"). Mō ngā diameter iti ake (i raro i te 168mm / 6"), kei te wātea ngā roa ritenga tae atu ki te 18 mita (60 putu) mēnā ka tonoa. Mō ngā tono poiha me ngā whakawhiti wera e hiahia ana ki ngā roa piko-U motuhake, ka taea e mātou te mahi tahi me ngā whare piko hoa. Tena koa homai ō whakaritenga roa motuhake.
P: Ka taea e koe te whakarato tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mō ngā paipa EN 10217 P235GH?
Āe. E mihi ana mātou ki ngā tirotiro a DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, tētahi atu māngai rānei kua tohua e te kiritaki i te wā whakaputa (mātakitaki i te whakamātautau wai, UT/ET, tirotiro ā-ahu) me mua i te tukunga. Ko ngā tiwhikete tirotiro 3.2 kua whakamanahia e ngā rōpū tuatoru whai mana ka tukuna tonutia ina tonoa. Mō te tutuki i ngā ture taputapu pēhanga Pākehā (PED), ka whakaratohia e mātou he tohu CE me te Whakapuakitanga Mahi (DoP).
P: He aha te roanga o te wā arahi mō ngā paipa ERW EN 10217 P235GH?
A: Ko te roanga o te wā arahi paerewa mō ngā rahi taonga (ngā diameter noa me ngā matotoru pakitara) he tata ki te 15-25 ngā rā. Mō ngā rahi kore-taonga, ngā rahi ritenga rānei, ko te roanga o te wā arahi he tata ki te 30-45 ngā rā mai i te whakaū ota. Mō te TC2 me te 100% NDT, tāpirihia he 5-10 ngā rā. Mō te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (tiwhikete 3.2), tāpirihia he 10-15 ngā rā mō te whakarite me te tuhi tuhinga. Tērā pea ka wātea ngā ota tere (15-20 ngā rā) mō ngā rahinga iti ake o ngā rahi paerewa. Tena koa whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ngā wā arahi o nāianei.
P: He aha ngā tiwhikete me ngā tuhinga e whakaratohia ana e koutou mō ngā tuku paipa P235GH?
A: Kei roto i ia utaina ngā tuhinga whānui: Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira mō EN 10204 Momo 3.1 (Momo 2.2 / 3.2 rānei mēnā ka tonoa) tae atu ki te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga kume, ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei, me ngā hua whakamātautau pānga; Pūrongo Whakamātautau Waipūmau; Pūrongo NDT (UT/ET) mō ngā ota TC2; Pūrongo Tirotiro Ahu; Tohu CE me te Whakapuakitanga Mahi (DoP) mō te mākete Pākehā; Rārangi Tākai; Nama Tauhokohoko; Pire Utaina; me te Tiwhikete Takenga Mai (mēnā e hiahiatia ana).
Q: E whakarato ana koutou i ngā ratonga tapahi-ki-te-roa me te piko-U mō ngā ngongo P235GH?
Āe. Ka tukuna e mātou he tapahi tika ki ngā roa kua tohua e te kiritaki me ngā ātete kikī (te tikanga ±3mm) me ngā pito ma, kāore he kohao. Mō ngā tono whakawhiti wera, ka taea e mātou te mahi tahi me ngā whare piko hoa mō ngā ngongo piko-U (piko matao) me ngā radius piko whakahaeretia me te iti o te porowhita. Ka taea te tuku i ngā ngongo piko-U me te kore rānei he whakamahana i muri i te piko. Tena koa homai ō tuhi piko mō ngā whakaritenga ritenga.
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te tikanga tuku kua whakaritea (+N) me te tikanga tuku kua oti te whakarewa?
A: Mā te whakamahana kua whakatauritea (+N) (890-930°C) ka puta he hanganga moroiti ferrite-pearlite ōrite, ka whakapai ake i te ngāwari me te pakari, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā ahotea whakarewa toenga. He nui ake ngā ahotea toenga i te āhua kua whakarewahia, ā, tera pea he iti ake te hanganga witi ōrite. Mō ngā tono pēhanga,kua whakaōritehiae hiahiatia ana i raro i te EN 10217-2 hei whakarite i ngā āhuatanga tino pai mō te ratonga pāmahana teitei. Ka tukuna e Womic Steel te P235GH i roto i te āhua noa hei paerewa mō ngā tono pēhanga.
Ngā Hua e Pā Ana
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