1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He maha ngā raina whakaputa LSAW a Womic Steel Group mō ngā mahi whakatō pou. Ko te ASTM A252 Grade 2 te taumata mahi mō te whakatō pou turanga, e tuku ana i te taurite o te kaha me te ngāwari mō ngā pou kua akiakihia. He pai te tukanga LSAW mō te whakatō pou nui te diameter neke atu i te kaha ERW.
●Raina JCOE:Mō ngā diameter 406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 50.8mm.
● Raina UOE:Mō ngā diameter 508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 40mm.
● Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi):Mō ngā diameter 600mm – 3,000mm (24″–120″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 25mm ki te 80mm.
● Pereti Hurihuri (Tuitui Takirua):Mō ngā diameter 1,200mm – 3,000mm (48″–120″), ko te matotoru o te pakitara tae atu ki te 80mm.
Neke atu i te 300,000 tāne te kaha katoa o te LSAW i ia tau, ā, neke atu i te 100,000 tāne te hanga o te A252 Grade 2 i ia tau. Kei a Womic Steel te ISO 9001, ā, ka taea e ia te tuku tirotiro tuatoru mā SGS, BV, TÜV. Neke atu i te 800 km o ngā paipa poupou A252 e tukuna ana puta noa i te ao.
Ngāwari o te Whakaputa mō te Tau 2:
● JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m
● UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m
● Pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi): 600–3,000mm OD × 25–80mm WT × ≤ 18m (roa ake mā te whakarewa)
● Pereti hurihuri (tuitui takirua): 1,200–3,000mm OD × 25–80mm WT × ≤ 18m
Ka taea te whakarewa i ngā pou roa tae atu ki te 60m mā te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga maha mai i te pito ki te pito me ngā whakarewa porowhita kua tirotirohia 100% UT.
2. ASTM A252 Tau 2: Te Hanganga Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te ASTM A252 Grade 2 he maitai waro kaha-waenga mō ngā puranga paipa whakarewa me ngā puranga paipa kore hononga. Ko te kaha whakaputa iti rawa he 240 MPa (35,000 psi) me te kaha kume 415 MPa (60,200 psi). He pai te ngāwari mō te taraiwa mara (hama) me te tino pai o te whakarewa.
Te Hanganga Matū (% mōrahi mā te papatipu – noa, kāore te ASTM A252 e whakahau i ngā herenga pumau):
| Huānga | Awhe Noa (Womic Steel) |
| C | 0.20 – 0.26 |
| Mn | 0.80 – 1.20 |
| P | ≤ 0.030 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.35 |
| CEV | ≤ 0.44 (noa ≤ 0.42) |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa (Pāmahana Rūma):
| Taonga | ASTM A252 Tau 2 |
| Kaha Hua (min) | 240 MPa (35,000 psi) |
| Kaha Kume (min) | 415 MPa (60,200 psi) |
| Te roa (iti rawa) – 50mm te ine | 20% |
| Te roa (iti rawa) – 200mm te ine | 12% |
Te Whakataurite ki te Tau 1 me te Tau 3:
| Tau | MPa Hua | MPa kume | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| Tau 1 | 205 | 310 | He mahi māmā, he pou rangitahi |
| Tau 2 | 240 | 415 | Te whakatū pou turanga whānui (te mea tino noa) |
| Tau 3 | 345 | 455 | He turanga pakari, he turanga hohonu |
Ko te Wāhanga 2 te paerewa ahumahi mō te nuinga o ngā tono pou whakairo hangarau ā-iwi nā te mea he iti te utu me te kaha.
3. Te Awhe Ahu me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | ASTM A252 Tau 2 (me te Tau 1, Tau 3 hoki) |
| Ngā Tukanga Hanga | JCOE, UOE, pereti hurihuri (tuitui kotahi/takirua) |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 219mm – 3,000mm (8″ – 120″) |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Pereti hurihuri: 25mm – 80mm |
| Awhe Roa | Paerewa: 6m, 12m, 18m; Whakaroa: tae atu ki te 60m (whakarewa wāhanga) |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE) – tapa tapawhā, Pito Whakapiko (BE) mō te whakarewa |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga (hinuhinuhia), Mangu, Epoxy Tā Waro, Patumene, Konutea (whakarewa) |
| Ngā Manawanuitanga (ASTM A252) | OD: ±0.75% ±3.2mm rānei; Taumaha: -0% / +15%; Roa: +100mm / -0mm |
| Te tika | ≤ 0.2% o te roa (1/4″ mō ia 10 putu noa) |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana – Paipa Rino LSAW ASTM A252 Tau 2 (Ngā Rahi Noa kua Tīpakohia)
| Ō (mm) | Ngā Kōwhiringa Taumaha (mm) | Tukanga | Taumaha Tata (kg/m) | Roa Paerewa | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| 219 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 33.6 – 63.6 | 12m | Puranga hanga |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | JCOE | 42.1 – 89.4 | 12m / 18m | Te tauranga piriti |
| 324 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | JCOE | 62.4 – 121.5 | 12m / 18m | Te whakatō poupou i te tauranga |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 20.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 190.4 | 12m / 18m | Te turanga tauranga |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 20.0, 25.0 | UOE | 122.8 – 297.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Te whakatō pou moana |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0 | UOE | 184.2 – 429.1 | 12m / 18m | Tūāpapa hōhonu |
| 711 | 14.0, 16.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0 | JCOE/UOE | 240.7 – 583.5 | 12m / 18m | Papaaho taimoana |
| 813 | 16.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | JCOE | 314.4 – 762.7 | 12m / 18m | Piriti nui |
| 914 | 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 50.0 | JCOE/Rokiroki | 441.0 – 1,065.1 | 12m / 18m | Te whakawhānui ake i te tauranga |
| 1,016 | 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 50.0 | Pōkaitia | 491.3 – 1,191.7 | 12m | Te tauranga moana |
| 1,220 | 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0 | Pōkaitia | 736.5 – 1,716.9 | 12m | Te whakapūpū i te wai hōhonu |
| 1,422 | 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Hurihia (takitahi) | 1,030 – 2,335 | 12m | Piriti nui |
| 1,600 | 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0 | Pōkairua (takirua) | 1,350 – 3,000 | 12m | Te hau o te moana |
| 2,000 | 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0 | Pōkairua (takirua) | 1,933 – 3,784 | 12m | Moana nui |
| 2,500 | 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0 | Pōkairua (takirua) | 3,023 – 4,766 | 12m | Kaupapa motuhake |
| 3,000 | 60.0, 70.0, 80.0 | Pōkairua (takirua) | 4,351 – 5,765 | 12m | Hanganga nui |
Mō ngā mahi whakapuru pou, he iti ake te kaha o ngā ātete ā-ahu i te API 5L, ā, ka taea te whakaputa hua ōhanga. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga whakarewa hei whakapuru pou roa tae atu ki te 60m.
5. Ngā Paerewa me ngā Taumata Noa – Paipa Whakatō
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| ASTM A252 | Tau 1, Tau 2, Tau 3 | Te pou turanga, te moana |
| EN 10248 | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | He puranga pepa hurihuri wera (paipa) |
| EN 10219 | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH | Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera i hangaia i te makariri |
| API 5L | GR.B, X42 | Te whakatō pou mō ngā papa hinu/hau |
| BS 7191 | S275, S355 | Te whakatō poupou ki tai |
Whakarāpopototanga whakamahinga:Ngā turanga piriti, te whakatū poupou tauranga, ngā turanga hōhonu o te hanga whare, ngā tāwharau wai, ngā poupou parepare moana, ngā poupou hau tai moana, ngā poupou huarahi tere.
6. Ngā Tukanga Hanga – LSAW mō te Paipa Whakapūtanga ASTM A252 Tau 2
Mō ngā mahi poupou, he mea nui te kounga me te ngāwari o te whakarewa kia tū pakari ai ki te patu hama.
Tukanga JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WT):
● Te hanga JCO paerewa
● Te whakarewa SAW o roto, o waho hoki
● Whakawhanui ā-mīhini (whiringa kore)
● He pai mō te nuinga o ngā puranga turanga
Tukanga UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):
● Pēhi-U + Pēhi-O me te whakawhanui
● He tino porowhita ngā pou – he pai mō ngā ātete taraiwa kikī
Pereti Hurihuri (Tuinga Kotahi) mō te Diameter Nui (600–3,000mm OD, 25–80mm WT):
● Te piko 4-rōra ki roto i te rango
● Whakarewatanga Ūkui Roa
● Kāore e whānui – he porowhita tae atu ki te 1% e whakaaetia ana mō te whakapuru
● He pai mō ngā puranga moana nunui
Te Hanga Pou Roa (tae atu ki te 60m):Ka taea e Womic te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga maha mai i te pito ki te pito mā te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa porowhita SAW uru katoa. Ka tirotirohia 100% UT ia whakarewa porowhita.
Te Whakamātautau mō ngā Puranga Pupuhi:
● Whakamātautau papatahi (me whai i te ASTM A252)
● Whakamātautau piko ārahi (ngāwari whakarewa)
● Whakamātautau ultrasonic (tuitui whakarewa – ira, 100% rānei mēnā ka tonoa)
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau mō te Paipa Rino LSAW ASTM A252 Grade 2
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa |
| Pereti | Tātari Matū | Manatokohia te hanganga |
| Pereti | Whakamātautau Kume | Manatokohia te hua ≥ 240 MPa, te kume ≥ 415 MPa |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Ahu (OD, WT) | Me whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga |
| Tuitui whakarewa | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (wāhi, 100% rānei e ai ki te tohu) | Kitea ngā hapa whakarewa |
| Tuitui whakarewa | Tirotiro Matūriki Aukume (whiringa kore - e taunakitia ana mō ngā pou kua peia) | Ngā kapiti o te mata |
| Paipa kua oti | Whakamātautau Whakapapa (me whai mana) | Te tinana paipa me te ngāwari o te whakarewa |
| Paipa kua oti | Whakamātautau Piko Arataki (whakapiri) | Te ngāwari o te whakarewa |
| Paipa kua oti | Tirohanga me te Ahu | Mata, tika, tohu |
Mō te ASTM A252, he mea nui te whakamātautau whakatārewatanga: me whakatārewatanga tētahi wāhanga o te paipa ki te 1/3 o te whānui taketake (kia pakaru rā anō te whakarewanga). Kāore e whakaaetia kia pakaru, kia pakaru rānei.
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua – Paipa Rino LSAW ASTM A252 Tau 2
●Ngā turanga piriti– Ngā poupou kua akiakihia mō ngā poupou piriti i roto i ngā awa me te oneone ngohengohe
● Te whakatō poupou i te tauranga me te tauranga– Ngā turanga o te taunga ipu, ngā pakitara o te tauranga
● Te hanga turanga hōhonu– Ngā pou whare teitei i ngā tāone nui
● Ngā pāmu kokopiti– Te pupuri oneone rangitahi mō te hanganga
● Ngā puranga pakitara pupuri– Ngā pūnaha pupuri oneone tuturu
● Ngā tohu huarahi me ngā turanga rama– He pou iti te diameter
● Ngā pou o te piriti rerewē– Ngā hanganga tereina taumaha
● Ngā puranga parepare moana– Ngā pūnaha ārai mō te taunga kaipuke
● Te whakapūmau i te oneone– Ngā kaupapa whakapai whenua
● Te whakatō pou hanga rangitahi– Tautoko mō te keri
9. Tākai me te Tukunga – Paipa Rino LSAW ASTM A252 Tau 2
Tākai:
● Ngā diameter iti (≤ 610mm): He mea here ki ngā whitiki maitai (5-10 tāne ia paihere) me ngā parenga kokonga
● Ngā diameter nui (> 610mm): Ngā paipa takitahi me ngā papa rakau
● Ngā pou roa (> 18m): Ka tukuna takitahitia i runga i ngā whata papatahi, i ngā waka pakaru-rahi rānei
● Ngā taupoki pito: Ngā taupoki kirihou mō ngā pito piko; ka waiho pea ngā pito papatahi kia tuwhera
Tukunga:
● Ngā oko pakaru-rahi mō ngā pou whānui me ngā pou roa
● Ngā ipu mō ngā diameter iti (≤ 610mm, ≤ 12m)
● Ngā whata papatahi mō te roa 12-24m
● Reriwe, taraka rānei mō te tuku ki uta
Ngā tuhinga:Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (EN 10204 Momo 3.1), pūrongo ā-ahu, pūrongo whakamātautau whakatārewatanga, pūrongo UT (mēnā kua tohua), rārangi tākai, nama arumoni, Tumu Whakahaere Mahi.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rino Womic – Paipa Rino ASTM A252 Tau 2 LSAW
He aha i whiriwhiria ai te maitai Womic mō te poupou A252 Grade 2?
●Te kaha whānui nui tae atu ki te 3,000mm (120″)
●He pakitara taumaha tae atu ki te 80mm
●Te hanga pou roa tae atu ki te 60m – ka whakaiti i ngā hononga o te mara
●He whai hua te utu mō ngā kaupapa hanganga nui
●Kei te wātea te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (SGS, BV, TÜV)
Ngā Pātai Auau:
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te ASTM A252 Grade 2 me te Grade 3 mō te whakapūranga pou?
A: He kaha ake te kaha o te Taumata 3 (345 MPa vs 240 MPa te hua) ā, e whakamahia ana mō ngā turanga hohonu ake, ngā kawenga nui ake rānei. He iti ake te utu o te Taumata 2, ā, he rawaka hoki mō te nuinga o ngā tono turanga whānui (piriti, whare, tauranga). Kōwhiria te Taumata 2 mō ngā kawenga paerewa, te Taumata 3 mō ngā kawenga taumaha, te taraiwa hohonu ake rānei.
Q: Kei te tuku koe i ngā paipa A252 Grade 2 me te paninga piauau?
Āe. Kei a mātou te whakapūmau wera-tuku e ai ki te ASTM A123. Ko te roa mōrahi mō te whakapūmau he 12.5m. Mō ngā pou roa ake, ka tūtohu mātou i te paninga epoxy, i te paninga bituminous rānei.
Q: He aha te roa mōrahi ka taea e koe te whakaputa mō te paipa poutū Tau 2?
A: Ko te roa mōrahi o te wāhanga kotahi he 18m (JCOE) 24m rānei (UOE). Mō ngā roa tae atu ki te 60m, ka whakarewahia e mātou ngā wāhanga maha mai i te pito ki te pito me ngā whakarewa porowhita SAW uru katoa (100% UT tirohia). He mea noa tēnei mō ngā monopile hau tai.
P: Me whai whakamātautau wai ā-pūmau te ASTM A252?
A: Kāo. Kāore e hiahiatia he whakamātautau wai-pūmau mō te ASTM A252 nā te mea kāore ngā paipa poupou e ārai i te pēhanga. Heoi, ki te hiahia tō kaupapa ki te whakamātautau wai (hei tauira, mō te poupou me te kawe wai), ka taea e mātou te mahi i tēnei me te utu tāpiri.
Q: He aha te paninga e taunakitia ana mō te whakapuru i te papa moana ki te wai tote?
A: Mō te rumaki ki te wai moana, e taunakihia ana te whakamahi i te epoxy tāra waro (600-800 microns) me te epoxy maramara karāhe rānei. Mō ngā wāhi e tauhiuhi ana ki te wai, e taunaki ana mātou i te paninga FBE, i te epoxy matotoru rānei. Mō te wai māori, mō te oneone rānei, he paipa pango noa, he mata hinu rānei te nuinga o te wā.
P: Me pēhea te whakarite kia ora tonu ngā whakarewa i te wā e whiua ana e te hama?
A: Ka whakahaerehia e mātou he whakamātautau papatahi (me whai tikanga) me te whakamātautau piko ārahi i runga i ngā tauira whakarewa. Mō ngā pou taraiwa nui, ka whakahaerehia hoki e mātou he 100% UT o te hononga whakarewa me te MPI o ngā matimati whakarewa. Ka taea hoki e mātou te whakarato whakamātautau pānga Charpy i te 0°C, iti iho rānei mēnā kua tohua.
P: He aha te roanga o te wā arahi mō ngā paipa whakapuru o te taumata 2?
A: Te wā arataki paerewa: 25-35 ngā rā mō ngā diameter ≤ 1,422mm. Mō te pereti hurihuri diameter nui (> 1,422mm): 35-50 ngā rā. Mō ngā pou roa kua whakarewaina (tae atu ki te 60m): tāpirihia kia 2 wiki.
Tohutoro Kaupapa – Te Whakawhanuitanga o te Taunga Ipu o te Tauranga o Rotterdam (Hōrana)
Whenua:Hōrana (Rotterdam, Maasvlakte 2)
Paerewa me te Taumata:ASTM A252 Tau 2 (me te pānga Charpy tāpiri i te 0°C)
Ngā Ahu me te Rahinga:
●OD 610mm (24″) × T 12.5mm – 24,000 mita (tata ki te 4,500 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga UOE
●OD 813mm (32″) × T 16.0mm – 12,000 mita (tata ki te 3,500 tāne) i hangaia mā te tukanga JCOE
●OD 1,016mm (40″) × WT 20.0mm – 6,000 mita (tata ki te 2,800 tāne) i hangaia mā te pereti hurihuri hononga kotahi
Tapeke:42,000 mita (42 kiromita), tata ki te 10,800 tāne
Ngā Whakatakotoranga:Ngā pito papatahi (tapahanga tapawhā), paninga epoxy tāra waro (800 maikorona), whakamātautau whakatārewatanga (kāore he pakaru i te whakatārewatanga 1/3 te whānui). Whakamātautau piko ārahi mō te ngāwari o te whakarewa. 100% UT o te hononga whakarewa. Pānga charpy i te 0°C (iti rawa 27J, tutuki 50-80J). Tika ≤ 0.2%. Tirotiro tuatoru e SGS Netherlands.
Taupānga:Te whakawhānui ake i te taunga ipu i Maasvlakte 2, te Tauranga o Rotterdam. Ko ngā pou paipa rino hei turanga mō te pakitara tauranga (pou amo kawenga poutū) me ngā pou here aihe (uta taha). Te hohonutanga o te wai i te taunga: 18m. Ko te oneone he onepū me ngā paparanga uku ngohengohe.
Ngā Wero Hangarau me ngā Otinga:
●Te tiaki i te waikura o te taiao takutai– I hiahiatia he paninga pakari mō te rumaki wai tote me te rohe tauhiuhi. I pania e Womic te epoxy tāra waro (800 microns DFT) me ngā paparanga e rua. I paahitia e te paninga te whakamātautau rehu tote 3,000 hāora (ASTM B117) me te < 2mm te ngoki mai i te kaituhituhi. Te kitenga hararei i te 4kV me te kore he hapa.
●Ngā pou roa mō te moenga wai hohonu– Ko te roa o te pou e hiahiatia ana he 28m (18m ki roto i te papa moana + 10m i runga ake i te paru). Ko ngā hononga paerewa 12m me toru ngā hononga mara. I tukuna e Womic he hononga 18m te roa (pereti hurihuri) mō ngā pou 1,016mm, ka whakaitihia ngā hononga mara mai i te 3 ki te 2 mō ia pou. Mō ngā pou here tino nui, i tukuna e mātou he pou 28m te roa mā te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga e rua 14m te roa (100% UT i tirotirohia).
●Teitei o ngā ahotea taraiwa i roto i te onepu matotoru– Kei roto i te kōtaha oneone ngā paparanga onepu matotoru me ngā uara-N SPT o te 40-60. Tata atu ngā taumahatanga o te akiaki puranga ki te 70% o te kaha hua. I whakahaerehia e Womic ngā whakamātautau piko ārahi (te radius piko 4t, 180°) me te kore he pakaru. Kāore i whakaatuhia e ngā tauira whakamātautau papatahi te pakaru i muri i te papatahi 1/2 diameter. I kōrero te kiritaki kāore he rahunga whakarewa i te wā e akiakihia ana ngā puranga 3,200.
●Te pakari o te pānga mō te tāutanga hotoke– Ka taea e ngā pāmahana hotoke o Rotterdam te heke ki te -5°C. Nā Womic i whakarato te Womic i te kaha pāmahana iti kua whakarei ake i te Wāhanga 2 (Charpy i te 0°C min 27J, i tutuki i te 50-80J). Kāore tēnei e hiahiatia ana e te ASTM A252 engari i tāpirihia e te kiritaki hei tūpato.
●Te whakahaere ratonga ki Maasvlakte– I tukuna ngā paipa mai i Shanghai ki Rotterdam mā te kaipuke pakaru-rahi (35 rā). Nā te iti o te wāhi whakatakoto i te tauranga, i whakaritea e Womic kia toru ngā tukunga i roto i ngā marama e 4. I whakaritea ia tukunga ki te kaupapa taraiwa a te kaiwhakatū. I tukuna katoatia ngā tāne 10,800 katoa i te wā tika.
● Hua:I oti te whakawhānui i te taunga i te hauwhā tuatoru o te tau 2024. I paahitia e ngā pou katoa e 3,200 te whakamātautau kawenga hihiri (PDA) me te kaha amo i neke atu i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. I kī te kiritaki: "He tino pai te kounga o ngā paipa a Womic me te pono o te tuku." Kua whakaaetia a Womic Steel hei kaiwhakarato kua whakaaetia mō ngā kaupapa tauranga o Rotterdam a meake nei.
Whakapā mai:
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Womic Steel – Tō hoa pono mō ngā puranga paipa maitai ASTM A252 Grade 2 LSAW mō ngā turanga piriti, ngā pou tauranga, ngā turanga hanga hōhonu, me ngā kaupapa moana puta noa i te ao.






![Paipa Hanganga EN 10025 S355JR SSAW: Ngā Āheinga Hanga me ngā Whakatakotoranga Hua]{.mark}](https://cdn.globalso.com/womicsteel/Steel-Pipe-Picture-6.jpg)

![Paipa Hanganga ASTM A500 GR.B SSAW: Ngā Āheinga Hanga me ngā Whakatakotoranga Hua]{.mark}](https://cdn.globalso.com/womicsteel/Steel-Pipe-Picture-58.jpg)


