1. Womic Steel: Ngā Pūkenga Hanga me te Kaha o te Kamupene
He kaihanga matua a Womic Steel Group, he kaihokohoko hoki o te ao, me te neke atu i te 20 tau o te tohungatanga ki te whakaputa hua ngongo waro, koranu, me te maitai kore waikura. He tohunga tā mātou whare hanga paipa ERW hou ki ngā ngongo poiha iti te diameter mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei.
Awhe Rahi Whakaputa mō te Paipa ERW ASTM A178 GR.A:Ko te whānui o waho mai i te 12.7mm ki te 127mm (1/2 inihi ki te 5 inihi) me te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 1.5mm ki te 12.7mm. Ka taea te whakarite i te roa matapōkere takitahi o te 6m, te roa matapōkere takirua o te 12m, te roa ritenga rānei e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā Tiwhikete Kounga me ngā Whakatutukitanga Ture:
ISO 9001:2015 Whaimana:He pūnaha whakahaere kounga e whakarite ana i te kounga hua pumau.
Te Whakatutukitanga o te ASTM A178:Te tutuki katoa i ngā Whakatakotoranga Paerewa ASTM A178 mō ngā Ngongo Rino Waro Ātete-Hiko me ngā Ngongo Kohua Rino Waro-Mangane.
Tohu CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Te whakatutuki i ngā Ture mō ngā Taputapu Pēhanga o Ūropi.
Tiwhikete EN 10204 3.2:Tiwhikete Tirotiro 3.2 kua whakamanahia e TÜV, LR, BV, SGS rānei.
Ngā Whakaaetanga Tirotiro-Tuatoru (TPI):Ngā hua kua whakaaetia e SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, TÜV.
Te Whakamihi Ao Whānui:He kaiwhakarato pono ki ngā kaihanga poiha me ngā tipu hiko e mahi ana ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 80
2. Paipa Rino ASTM A178 GR.A ERW: Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi me ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
Ko te ASTM A178 GR.A te momo tino noa i roto i te paerewa ngongo poiha A178. E kapi ana te paerewa i ngā ngongo whakarewa ātete-hiko i hangaia ki te maitai waro me te maitai waro-konupora mō te ratonga poiha me te whakamahana nui. Ko te momo waro A te momo waro iti rawa, e tuku ana i te kaha whakarewa me te kaha hanga pai mō te hanga poiha.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te GR.C (he nui ake te waro me te konupūmā) me te GR.D (waro-konupūmā), ko te GR.A te mea pai rawa atu mō te piko me te whakawhanui i te wā e huihui ana te poiha. He pai te GR.A mō ngā tono poiha pēhanga reo ina hiahiatia te kaha mōrahi.
Te Hanganga Matū o te Paipa Rino ASTM A178 GR.A ERW (Tātaritanga Koro, % mā te papatipu):
| Huānga | C mōrahi | Mn mōrahi | P mōrahi | S mōrahi | Si max |
| GR.A | 0.10 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.10 |
Kia mōhio: He tino iti te ihirangi waro (0.10% mōrahi) e whakarato ana i te ngāwari ki te whakarewa me te hanga mō te piko me te whakawhanui i te ngongo poiha.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o te Paipa Rino ASTM A178 GR.A ERW (Pāmahana Rūma):
| Tau | C mōrahi | Mn mōrahi | Kaha Kume | Te Kaha o te Hua | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| GR.A | 0.10 | 0.60 | 330 MPa | 180 MPa | Pēhanga taurite, te āhua pai rawa atu |
| GR.C | 0.18 | 0.90 | 415 MPa | 220 MPa | Te pēhanga teitei ake, te whakamahinga whānui |
| GR.D | 0.27 | 1.20 | 415 MPa | 255 MPa | Te pēhanga teitei, te kaha teitei |
Whakatauritenga Taumata A178
3. Te Whānuitanga o ngā Paipa Rino ASTM A178 GR.A ERW me te Whakatutukitanga Paerewa
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Paerewa | ASTM A178/A178M |
| Tau | GR.A |
| Tukanga Hanga | Te Whakarewa Ātete Hiko (ERW) |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 12.7mm – 127mm (1/2" – 5") |
| Awhe Matotoru o te Pakitara | 1.5mm – 12.7mm |
| Roa | 6m, 12m, tae atu ki te 18m te rahi ritenga rānei |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Pito Maamaa / Pito Whakapiko |
| Whakaotinga Mata | Tahanga / Hinuhia / Pango Panipani |
| Ngā Whakamātautau Motuhake | Whakamātautau Mumura / Whakamātautau Papatahi / Whakamātautau Waipūmau |
4. Ngā Ahu me ngā Whakatakotoranga e Wātea ana - Paipa Rino ERW
| NB | Rahi | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Kia mōhio: Tērā pea ka rerekē te matotoru o te pakitara i runga i te whānui o te paipa me te kaha hanga. E wātea ana ngā ine ritenga i waho atu i tēnei awhe mēnā ka tonoa.
5. Ngā Paerewa Paipa Rino ERW Noa i Hangaia e Womic Steel
| Paerewa | Ngā Māka Auau | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
| API 5L (Whakatakotoranga mō te Paipa Raina) | ||
| API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Te tuku hinu me te hau, ngā paipa o uta/o tāwāhi |
| Paipa Raina ASTM me te Paipa Hanganga | ||
| ASTM A53 (Whakatakotoranga mō te Paipa, te Rino, te Mangu me te Toia-wera, te Paninga-Konutea, te Whakarewa me te Tuitui Kore) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, hau, mamaoa, hau, ngā tono hanganga |
| ASTM A135 (Whakatakotoranga mō te Paipa Rino Ātete-Hiko-Whakapiri) | GR.A, GR.B | Ngā ratonga wai, hau, mamaoa, me te whare whakapai |
| ASTM A252 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Puranga Paipa Rino Whakarewahia me te Tuitui Kore) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Te whakatū pou turanga, te whakatū pou moana, te turanga piriti |
| ASTM A500 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Hanganga Rino Waro kua Whakarewahia Matao me te Kore-Tuitui) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Ngā ngongo hanganga, ngā anga hanga, ngā piriti |
| ASTM A501 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Hanganga Rino Waro kua Whakarewahia me te Kore-Tuitui) | GR.A, GR.B | Ngā tono hanganga taumaha, ngā pou, ngā taura |
| ASTM Boiler & Wera Whakawhiti (ERW) | ||
| ASTM A178 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Waro Rino Ātete-Hiko me ngā Ngongo Kohua Rino Waro-Mangane) | Tau A, C, D | Ngā ngongo pūwero, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui |
| ASTM A214 (Whakatakotoranga mō te Whakawhiti Wera me ngā Ngongo Whakakōkī Rino Waro Ātete-Hiko) | — | Ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā whakapūmau |
| ASTM A250 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo me ngā Ngongo Whakamahana Nui o te Kohua Rino Ferritic Ātete-Hiko) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | Te poihau pāmahana teitei me te whakamahana nui |
| ASTM A334 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Ngongo Rino Waro me te Koranu Tuitui me te Whakarewa mō te Ratonga Pāmahana-Iti) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Ratonga pāmahana iti, cryogenic |
| Ngā Paerewa EN / DIN / BS | ||
| EN 10217-1 (Ngā ngongo maitai whakarewa mō ngā take pēhanga - Ngā ngongo maitai kore-koranu me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rūma kua tohua) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Ngā oko pēhanga, ngā pahu pūwero, ngā paipa pēhanga teitei |
| EN 10217-2 (Ngā ngongo maitai whakarewa mō ngā take pēhanga - Ngā ngongo maitai kore-koranu me te koranu me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei kua tohua) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Te pāmahana teitei, ngā ngongo poiha, ngā whakawhiti wera |
| EN 10219-1 (Ngā wāhanga rino kōhao i whakarewahia i te matao mō ngā kaupapa hanganga) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Ngā tono hanganga, te hanga whare, ngā piriti |
| EN 10210 (Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera wera o ngā maitai kore-koranu me ngā maitai angiangi) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Ngā wāhanga tuwhera kore hononga/whakarewa wera mō ngā kaupapa hanganga, te hanga whare, ngā piriti |
| EN 10025-2 (Ngā hua whakarewa-wera o ngā maitai hanganga - Ngā maitai hanganga kore-koranu) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Te hanganga maitai whānui, te hangarau ā-iwi |
| EN 10255 (Ngā ngongo maitai kore-konumohe e tika ana mō te whakarewa me te miro) | S195T, S235JRTH | Wai, hau, wai para, pūnaha paipa miro |
| EN 10305-2 (Ngā ngongo maitai mō ngā mahi tino tika - Ngā ngongo kumea matao kua whakarewahia) | E215, E235, E355 | Ngā tono tika, ngā rango waipēhi |
| BS 1387 (Whakatakotoranga mō ngā ngongo me ngā ngongo maitai kua tīwirihia me ngā hononga) | Akomanga A, B, C | Wai, hau, mamaoa, tūāpapa, paipa miro |
| DIN 2458 (Ngā ngongo me ngā hononga maitai whakarewa - Ngā tikanga tuku hangarau whānui) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Ngā ngongo maitai whānui kua whakarewaina, ngā tono hanganga |
| ISO me Ētahi Atu Paerewa | ||
| ISO 3183 (Ngā ahumahi hinu me te hau māori - Paipa maitai mō ngā pūnaha kawe paipa) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Ngā paipa hinu me te hau (he rite te ISO ki te API 5L) |
| ISO 65 (Ngā ngongo maitai mō te wai, te hau, me te paru - Ngā ngongo miro) | Waenga, Taumaha | Wai, hau, waipara, paipa miro |
| CSA G40.21 (Rino kounga hanganga - paerewa Kānata) | 44W, 50W | Ngā tono hanganga (Kānata) |
| AS 1163 (Ngā wāhanga rino hanganga tuwhera - te paerewa o Ahitereiria) | C250, C350, C450 | Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera (Ahitereiria) |
| GOST 10706 (Ngā paipa rino whakarewa mō ngā paipa me ngā hanganga - te paerewa Rūhia) | Tiriti 20, Tiriti 35, Tiriti 45 | Ngā paipa, ngā tono hanganga (Rūhia) |
Whakamahinga:Te tuku hinu me te hau, te wai me te paru, ngā kaupapa hanganga, te whakatū papa, te turanga pou, te wai pēhanga teitei, te tukatuka matū, te whakaputa hiko, te hanga, te miihini moana, ngā ngongo poiha, ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakapūmau, te ratonga pāmahana iti, ngā tono tika, ngā rango waipēhi, ngā pūnaha paipa miro.
6. Tukanga Hanga - Paipa Rino ERW / HFW
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata:Ka manatokohia te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te kounga o te mata o ngā koiri rino e haere mai ana. Ka tohaina he tau wera ahurei ki ia koiri kia taea ai te whai i ngā mea katoa.
Te Wetewete me te Whakatakotoranga:Ka wetekina ngā koiri, ka whakatauritea hei whakawhāiti i te rīpene me te tango i te huinga koiri, kia rite ai te papatahi mō te hanganga ōrite.
Te Huri me te Kutikuti i te Tapa:Ka mirahia ngā taha e rua o te rīpene kia tino tika te whānui (±0.5mm), ka hangaia he mata ma, whakarara mō te hanganga whakarewa kounga teitei.
Te Hanga Matao:Ka haere te rīpene papatahi mā roto i ngā roera ka hanga mārire i te rīpene papatahi hei anga ngongo porotaka tuwhera.
Te Whakarewa Auau-Teitei (HFW/ERW):Mā te iahiko auau-tiketike (200-500 kHz) ka wera ngā taha e hono ana ki te pāmahana hanga (1,350-1,500°C). Mēnā ka pēhia ngā rōra, ka pēhia ngā taha kua wera kia kotahi, ka hangaia he whakarewa hanga, kāore he rauemi whakakī.
Te Tango i ngā Pīra Whakarewa:Ka tangohia te kanapa o roto, o waho hoki e ngā mata whakairo kāpia i te wā e wera ana, ka puta he mata maeneene me te iti o te whakakaha whakarewa.
Te Rahi:Ka pā te ngongo whakarewa ki roto i ngā rōra rahi kia tika ai te ātete OD (±0.5% ki te ±1.0%). Mēnā e hiahiatia ana, ka hangaia he āhua tapawhā/tapawhā hāngai mā roto i ngā rōra tāpiri.
Maimoatanga Wera (Whiringa):Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakataurite i te 890-930°C hei whakapai ake i te ngāwari, hei whakaiti rānei i te ahotea, kia puta ai he hanganga moroiti ferrite-pearlite ōrite.
Te tapahi ki te roa:Ka tapahia te paipa ki te roa kua tohua mā te whakamahi i ngā kani tapahi rere me te mana whakahaere tika (±3mm).
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro:
●Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT):Tirotiro 100% o te hononga whakarewa me te tinana paipa mō ngā whakapiringa, ngā whakaurunga, me te korenga o te hanumitanga.
●Whakamātautau Au Eddy (ET):Arotakenga kounga whakarewa ipurangi tonu.
● Whakamātautau Waipūmau:I whakamātauria ia paipa ki te 95% o te SMYS mō te iti rawa 10 hēkona.
Whakamutunga Whakamutunga:Ngā pito papatahi, ngā pito piko (30°-35° me te taunga 1.6mm), ngā pito miro rānei e ai ki ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki.
Arotakenga Whakamutunga me te Tohu:Tirotiro tirohanga, manatoko i ngā āhuatanga (OD, WT, roa, tika), me te tohu tuturu mō ia paerewa (tohu, rahi, tau wera, kaihanga).
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Kounga me te Whakamātautau
| Atamira | Tikanga Tirotiro | Kaupapa |
| Rauemi Mata | Tātari Matū (Ine Matawai OES) | Manatokohia te tutuki i ngā herenga hanganga API 5L |
| Rauemi Mata | Whakamātautau Kume | Manatokohia te hua, te kaha kume, te roa |
| Kei te Tukatuka | Tirotiro Ahu (Maikoromita, Calipers) | Aroturukihia te OD, te WT i te wā e hangaia ana, e rahi ana hoki |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) - Ipurangi | Kitea ngā motumotu whakarewa, te korenga o te hanumitanga |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau Au Eddy (ET) - Ipurangi | Te aroturuki tonu i te kounga o te tuitui whakarewa |
| Rohe Whakarewa | Whakamātautau-Makatoru o te Tuitui Whakarewa | Manatokohia te urunga whakarewa me te āhua hanumi |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Waipūmau (10 hēkona meneti i te 95% SMYS) | Manatokohia te pumau o te pēhanga me te pūmau o te turuturu |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) - Tuimotu (Whiringa) | Arotakenga laminar tinana katoa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Matūriki Aukume (MPI) | Te kimi i ngā pakaru o te mata (whakarewa me te HAZ) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pānga Charpy V-Notch | Manatokohia te pakari o te pāmahana iti (PSL2) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Pakeke (HRC / HV10) | Manatokohia ngā rohenga pakeke mōrahi (ratonga kawa) |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Piko Arataki (Mata me te Pūtake) | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te whakarewa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi | Manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te tinana o te paipa |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Tirotiro Ahu me te Tirotiro Tirohanga | Manatokohia te OD, te WT, te roa, te tika, te kounga o te mata |
| Paipa Kua Oti | Manatoko Tohu | Me whakarite kia mau tonu te tohu mō ia API 5L |
Ngā Whakamātautau Tāpiri mō te PSL2 / Ratonga Waikawa:
● Whakamātautau HIC (Haukaru Pakū) mō NACE TM0284
● Whakamātautau SSC (Pakarutanga Āwangawanga Sulfide) i runga i te Tikanga A o NACE TM0177
● Whakamātautau Pānga CVN i te -10°C, -20°C, -46°C rānei
● Manatoko Pakari (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 mō te ātete HIC)
Ngā tuhinga kounga:
● Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira i raro i te EN 10204 Momo 2.2, 3.1, 3.2 rānei
● Pūrongo Whakamātautau Waipūmau (paipa-i-te-paipa)
● Pūrongo Tirotiro UT / ET
● Te whai i te tau wera ki te paipa kua oti
8. Ngā Whakamahinga Matua o te Paipa Rino ERW
He mea nui ngā paipa ERW mō te tuku hinu me te hau me ngā momo mahi ahumahi:
Te Tuku Hinu me te Hau:Ngā paipa tawhiti-roa i uta, i tai hoki mō te hinu mata, te hau māori, me ngā hua hinu kua whakapaia.
Te Kawe Wai Pēhanga-Teitei:Ngā paipa werohanga wai, ngā pūnaha whakakorenga wai kua whakaputaina, me te whakawhiti wai pēhanga teitei i roto i ngā mara hinu me ngā whare tukatuka.
Ngā Kaupapa Paipa o Tāmaki Makaurau:Ngā paipa kohikohi puta noa i te whenua, ngā paipa pūtake, me ngā paipa tohatoha i roto i ngā mara hinu me te hau.
Ngā Pūnaha Paipa o Tāwāhi:Ngā paipa rere wai i raro i te moana, ngā ara piki, me ngā paipa kaweake mō ngā papaaho taimoana me ngā otinga wai i raro i te moana (me ngā kōwhiringa ratonga PSL2 me te ratonga sour).
Ngā Taiao Ratonga Kawa:Ngā paipa e whakahaere ana i te hau kawa mākū (kei roto ko te H₂S) e hiahia ana ki te PSL2 me ngā whakaritenga tāpiri tae atu ki te ātete HIC me te SSC e ai ki ngā paerewa NACE.
Te Tukunga Wai:Ngā paipa wai whānui, ngā pūnaha whakamakuku, me te tuku wai mata mō ngā whakamahinga ā-tāone me ngā ahumahi.
Te Maimoatanga o te Para me te Wai Para:Ngā paipa whakaputanga para, ngā paipa o te whare maimoatanga, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere paru.
Ngā tono hanganga ahumahi:Ngā whata paipa, ngā tautoko, ngā tautoko, me ngā wāhanga hanganga i roto i ngā whare whakapai hinu, ngā wheketere hinu matū, me ngā whare ahumahi.
Ngā Whare Tukatuka Hinu me te Hau:Ngā raina rere, ngā pane hiko, ngā manifold, me ngā paipa honohono i roto i ngā whare tukatuka me ngā teihana kōpeketanga.
EPC me ngā Paipa Whakatipu:Ngā paipa tukatuka me ngā paipa whaipainga i roto i ngā whare whakapai hinu, ngā whare tukatuka hau, ngā whare matū me ngā whare whakaputa hiko.
9. Te Tākai me te Tukunga
Ka tākaihia, ka tukuna atu hoki ngā paipa ERW me te tino tupato kia tiakina ai i te wā e kawe ana. Anei te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga tākai me te tuku:
Tākai:
Paninga Tiaki:I mua i te tākai, ka pania pea ngā paipa ki tētahi paparanga angiangi o te hinu ārai-waikura, ki tētahi wanihi tiaki rānei hei ārai i te waikura me te waikura o te mata i te wā e rongoa ana, e kawe ana rānei. Kei te wātea hoki he paninga kau hei pani tonu ki te wāhi e tae atu ai.
Te whakakotahitanga:Ka herea ngā paipa o ngā rahi me ngā whakaritenga rite ki roto i ngā paipa hexagonal, he tapawhā rānei. Ka herea mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki maitai (ko te tikanga he 3-5 whitiki mō ia paipa) hei ārai i te nekenekehanga i roto i te paipa.
Ngā Taumata Mutunga:Ka whakanohoia ngā taupoki pito kirihou (PE, PP rānei) ki ngā pito e rua o ia paipa hei tiaki i ngā pito piko, ngā pito papatahi, me ngā hononga miro mai i te kino o te pānga, te urunga mai o ngā paru, me te makuku.
Whakakī me te Whakamarumaru:Mō ngā ota kaweake kounga teitei, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi whakakī pēnei i ngā mowhiti pahuka, i ngā rīpene rapa rānei i waenganui i ngā paparanga paipa hei ārai i te pakū me te kino o te paninga i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Ngā Pouaka Rākau, Ngā Kete Rākau rānei:Mō ngā paipa angiangi, ngā ngongo tino tika, ngā ota paninga utu nui rānei, ka taea te tākai i ngā paipa ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau pakari, i ngā pouaka papa rakau rānei hei whakarato i te tiakitanga pai ake i ngā kaha o waho me te whakahaere taratara.
Tukunga:
Te Aratau Waka:Ka tukuna ngā paipa mā roto i ngā kaipuke ipu (20 putu/40 putu), ngā kaikawe nui, ngā uta tereina rānei, i runga i te ūnga, te rahinga, me te tere o te tuku. Kei te wātea ngā uta rererangi mō ngā tauira, ngā uta wā-poto rānei.
Te whakapūtanga ipu:Ko ngā ota iti ki te rahi e utaina ana ki roto i ngā ipu tuku noa, hei tiaki i ngā utanga mai i te huarere, te makuku, me ngā poke o waho i te wā e kawe ana.
Te Utaina o te Waka Nui:Ko ngā ota nui (te nuinga o te wā neke atu i te 200 tana) ka utaina tika ki roto i ngā kaikawe papatipu. Mā te hiki i ngā kurupae me ngā pae horapa ka ārai i te kino; mā te tango me te here i ngā utanga kia mau ki te nekehanga o te moana.
Te Tapanga me te Tuhituhi:Kua tohua mārama ia putea ki te tohu, te paerewa, ngā ine, te tau wera, me ngā tohutohu whakahaere. Ngā tuhinga katoa (nama hokohoko, rārangi tākai, pire uta, Tiwhikete Taketake, Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira) kua rite mō te whakawāteatanga tikanga.
Te Whakamau Haumaru:Ngā paihere i herea ki te whitiki rino, ki ngā putea tākai, ki ngā tautoko rakau rānei hei ārai i te neke, te hurihuri, te pakaru rānei i te wā e kawe ana.
Aroturuki me te Inihuarangatia:Kei te whakaratohia ngā tau aroturuki ipu hei aroturuki i te wā tonu. Kei te wātea te inihua utanga moana (Mōrearea Katoa, Mōrearea Toharite rānei) ina tonoa.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka whakarite a Womic Steel kia tākaihia ngā paipa ERW Steel katoa ki ngā tikanga tiaki matua o te ahumahi, ā, ka tukuna mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kawe pono kia tae atu ai ki tō rātou ūnga i roto i te āhua pai rawa atu. He mea nui ngā tikanga tākai me te tuku tika hei pupuri i te pono me te kounga o ngā hua ka tukuna.
10. Ngā Painga me ngā Pātai Auau mō te Womic Steel
He aha koe i mahi tahi ai me Womic Steel?
Toa Kotahi-Mutu:Ko te whānuitanga katoa mai i ngā paipa API 5L ERW ki ngā hononga paipa OEM e ōrite ana (ngā Tuke, ngā Tī, ngā Whakaiti, ngā Āpiti, ngā Taupoki) i roto i ngā reanga rauemi hototahi, tae atu ki te maitai waro, te maitai koranu, me te maitai kore waikura.
Te Whakatutukitanga Hangarau:Ko ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira Katoa (EN 10204 Momo 2.2, 3.1, 3.2 rānei) e whakaratohia ana me ia uta, e whakaatu ana i ngā taipitopito o te hanganga matū tika, ngā hua whakamātautau miihini, me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau kore-whakangaro.
Ngā Ratonga Uara-Tāpiri:Kei te wātea mai i roto i te whare, i roto rānei i ngā whare hoahoa whai tohu te whakapiko pito (30°-35°), te miro me te hononga, te tāutanga o ngā taupoki kirihou, me te paninga ārai-waikura (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing).
Te Whakahaere Whakataetae:Mā te hononga rautaki me ngā kamupene tuku utanga o te ao ka whakarite kia pai ake te utaina o ngā ipu (kia nui ake te rahinga mō ia ipu) me te tuku kaipuke puta noa i te ao me te wā kawe pono.
Taonga me te Wātea:Nā te nui o ngā rahi paerewa API 5L X52 (2"-24" OD, Āpitihanga 10-80) ka poto te wā arahi me te tere o te urupare ki ngā whakaritenga kaupapa tere. Ka hangaia ngā rahi ritenga i runga i te tono me te wā arahi noa o te 30-45 rā.
Te Pūmanawa Ratonga Sour:Te kaha katoa ki te tuku i ngā paipa PSL2 me ngā whakamātautau HIC me SSC e ai ki ngā paerewa NACE mō ngā tono hau kawa. Te pakeke e whakahaeretia ana ki te ≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
Kōwhiria te Womic Steel Group hei hoa pono mō ngā Paipa Rino API 5L X52 ERW kounga teitei me te mahi tuku tino pai. Nau mai ki te uiui!
Paetukutuku: www.womicsteel.com
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Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te ASTM A178 GR.A, GR.C, me te GR.D?
A: Ko te waro iti rawa (0.10% mōrahi) me te kaha (330 MPa te kume) kei a GR.A - ko te āhua pai rawa atu mō te piko. Ko te waro teitei ake (0.18% mōrahi) me te kaha (415 MPa) kei a GR.C - ko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te waro teitei rawa (0.27% mōrahi) me te kaha (415 MPa me te hua teitei ake) kei a GR.D - mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei.
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā ngongo poihā ASTM A178 (whakarewahia) me ASTM A179 (tuitui kore)?
A: Ko te A178 he mea whakarewa ātete-hiko (ERW) - he iti ake te utu, he pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono poiha. Ko te A179 he mea kumea matao-kore - mō te pēhanga teitei ake, mō ngā wāhi kāore e whakaaetia te hononga whakarewa. He mea noa ēnei e rua i roto i te ratonga poiha me te whakawhiti wera.
Q: He aha ngā whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana mō ngā ngongo poihau ASTM A178?
A: Whakamātautau waipū (ia ngongo), whakamātautau papatahi, whakamātautau mura, me te whakamātautau kume whakawhiti, whakamātautau roa rānei. Ka taea te tohu i te NDT (UT, ET rānei) e te kiritaki. Ka mahia e Womic Steel ngā whakamātautau katoa e hiahiatia ana e ai ki te ASTM A178.
Q: Ka taea te whakamahi i te A178 GR.A mō ngā ngongo whakamahana nui?
Āe, engari he iti noa iho ki ngā pāmahana ngawari. Mō te ratonga whakamahana wera nui ake, e taunakihia ana te whakamahi i te GR.C, GR.D rānei. Ko te GR.A te mea pai rawa atu mō ngā pakitara wai kohua iti iho te pāmahana me ngā ngongo economizer.
Q: He aha te pāmahana whakahaere mōrahi mō A178 GR.A?
A: Tae atu ki te 400°C (750°F) te tikanga mō te mahi tonu. Mō ngā pāmahana teitei ake, whakaarohia ngā momo GR.C, ngā momo koranu rānei pērā i te A213 T11, T22 rānei. Tirohia te waehere hoahoa mō ngā rohe pāmahana motuhake.
P: He aha te whakamātautau mura, ā, he aha i hiranga ai?
A: Mā te whakamātautau mura ka whakawhanuitia te pito o te ngongo mā te whakamahi i te mandrel whakawhāiti ki tētahi ōrau kua tohua (15-30%). Ka manatokohia te ngāwari me te pakari o te ngongo, kia kore ai e pakaru i te wā e tāuta ana i te whakawhanuitanga o te ngongo poiha.
Q: Ka taea e koe te whakarato tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mō ngā ngongo A178 GR.A?
Āe. Kei te wātea ngā tirotiro a SGS, BV, TÜV, ABS, DNV, LR. Ka tukuna ngā tiwhikete 3.2 ina tonoa. Kei te wātea te whakamātautau wai-tū, te whakamātautau mura, me te whakamātautau papatahi.
Q: He aha te wā ārahi noa mō ngā ngongo ASTM A178 GR.A?
A: Ngā rahinga o te taonga: 15-25 rā. Ngā rahinga ritenga: 30-45 rā. Ka tāpirihia he 5-10 rā mā te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru. Kei te wātea ngā ota tere mō ngā rahinga iti.
Q: He aha ngā tuhinga e whakaratohia ana e koe?
A: Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (EN 10204 Momo 3.1), pūrongo whakamātautau waipū, pūrongo whakamātautau mura/whakapapatahi, pūrongo ā-ahu, rārangi tākai, nama, pire utanga.
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