Whakaahuatanga Hua
He mea nui ngā paipa maitai kore waikura i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi hou, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna pakari, tōna ātete ki te waikura, me tōna hanganga kore hononga. He mea hanga mai i te rino, te chromium, me ētahi atu huānga pērā i te nickel me te molybdenum, ā, he kaha me te roa o te ora ēnei paipa.
Ko te tukanga hanga maeneene ko te whakaputa i ngā poro maitai totoka hei hanga i ngā ngongo tuwhera, me te kore he hononga whakarewa. Mā tēnei tikanga hanga ka whakakorea ngā ngoikoretanga pea, ka whakarei ake i te hanganga, ka tino pono ai ngā paipa maitai kore waikura maeneene mō ngā momo mahi.
Ngā Huanga Matua:
Ātete ki te Waikura:Mā te whakaurunga o te chromium ka hangaia he paparanga waikura tiaki, hei tiaki i ngā paipa mai i te waikura me te waikura ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
Ngā Reanga Kanorau:Kei te wātea ngā paipa kowiri tira tui i roto i ngā momo momo pēnei i te 304, 316, 321, me te 347, ia momo he mea whakarite mō ngā tono motuhake nā runga i ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga hangarau.
Ngā tono whānui:Ka whakamahia ēnei paipa puta noa i ngā rāngai maha, tae atu ki te hinu me te hau, te tukatuka matū, te kai me te inu, te rongoā, te motuka, me te hanga. Nā te ngāwari ki te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā matū rerekē, ka kitea tōna whānui.
Ngā Rahi me ngā Whakaotinga:He rerekē ngā rahi o ngā paipa maitai kore waikura, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia rerekē. Ka taea hoki e ngā paipa te whakaatu i ngā momo āhua mata rerekē, mai i te oro ki te mira, i runga i ngā hiahia tono.
Te Tāutanga me te Tiaki:Mā te hoahoa maeneene ka māmā ake te tāutanga, ā, mā te ātete o ngā paipa ki te waikura ka whakaitihia ngā mahi tiaki, ka whai hua ake ai te utu.
Mai i te whakahaere i te kawe hinu me te hau ki te whakahaere i te kawe haumaru o ngā matū me te pupuri i te parakore o ngā hua rongoā, he mea nui ngā paipa maitai kore waikura ki te hanga i ngā ahumahi o te ao. Nā te whakakotahitanga o te kaha, te roa, me te ātete ki ngā āhuatanga taiao, he taonga nui ēnei i roto i te hangarau me ngā hanganga hou.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga
| ASTM A312/A312M：304, 304L, 310/S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H me ētahi atu... |
| EN 10216-5: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 etc... |
| DIN 17456: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 etc... |
| JIS G3459: SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB me ētahi atu... |
| GB/T 14976: 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Kowiri tira Austenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Kowiri tira takirua:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nikara KoranuN04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Whakamahinga:Ngā ahumahi hinu, matū, hau māori, hiko me ngā taputapu mīhini. |
| NB | Rahi | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
| 800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 |
Paerewa me te Tau
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino |
| ASTM A312/A312M: Ngā Paipa Kowiri tira Austenitic Tuitui, Whakarewahia, me te Mahi Matao Nui | 304, 304L, 310S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H me ētahi atu... |
| ASTM A213: Ngā paipa maitai ferritic me te austenitic, te whakamahana nui, me ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera korekore | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP347 me ētahi atu... |
| ASTM A269: Ngongo maitai kore waikura austenitic maeneene me te whakarewa mō te mahi whānui | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP347 me ētahi atu... |
| ASTM A789: Ngongo maitai kore waikura ferritic/austenitic, he mea whakarewa, he mea hanga mō te mahi whānui | S31803 (Kowiri tira takirua) S32205 (Kowiri tira takirua) |
| ASTM A790: He paipa maitai kore waikura ferritic/austenitic, he mea whakarewa, he mea hanga ki te tuitui, mō te mahi waikura whānui, te mahi pāmahana-tiketike, me ngā paipa maitai kore waikura takirua. | S31803 (Kowiri tira takirua) S32205 (Kowiri tira takirua) |
| EN 10216-5: Paerewa Pākehā mō ngā Ngongo Rino Kore-Tuitui mō ngā Kaupapa Pēhanga | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 me ētahi atu... |
| DIN 17456: Paerewa Tiamana mō te Ngongo Kowiri tira Porowhita Tuitui | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 me ētahi atu... |
| JIS G3459: Paerewa Ahumahi Hapanihi mō ngā Paipa Kowiri tira mō te Ātete ki te Waikura | SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB me ētahi atu... |
| GB/T 14976: Paerewa ā-Motu o Haina mō ngā Paipa Kowiri tira Tuitui mō te Kawe Wai | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Kowiri tira Austenitic：TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Kowiri tira takirua: S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nikara Koranu：N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Whakamahinga: Te hinu, te matū, te hau māori, te hiko me ngā ahumahi hanga taputapu mīhini. | |
Tukanga Hanga
Tukanga Hurihuri Wera (Paipa Rino Kore-Tuitui i Whakaputaina):
Te pire ngongo porowhita → te whakamahana → te poka → te hurihuri-toru-roera, te hurihuri tonu, te whakaputanga rānei → te tango ngongo → te rahi (te whakaiti rānei i te diameter) → te whakamatao → te whakatikatika → te whakamātautau waipēhi (te kimi hapa rānei) → te tohu → te rokiroki
Tukanga Ngongo Rino Kore-Tunutunu Matao (Hurihia):
Te pire ngongo porowhita → te whakamahana → te poka → te pane → te whakamahana → te whakapūkara → te whakahinuhinu (te whakakikorua parahi) → te tuhi makariri maha-haere (te hurihuri makariri) → te pire → te maimoatanga wera → te whakatikatika → te whakamātautau waipēhi (te kimi hapa) → te tohu → te rokiroki.
Mana Kounga
Te Tirotiro Rauemi Mata, Te Tātari Matū, Te Whakamātautau Mīhini, Te Tirotiro Tirohanga, Te Tirotiro Ahu, Te Whakamātautau Piko, Te Whakamātautau Pānga, Te Whakamātautau Waikura ā-Whānui, Te Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (UT, MT, PT) Te Whakamātautau Mura me te Papatahi, Te Whakamātautau Mārō, Te Whakamātautau Pēhanga, Te Whakamātautau Ihirangi Ferrite, Te Whakamātautau Metallography, Te Whakamātautau Waikura, Te Whakamātautau Au Eddy, Te Whakamātautau Rehu Tote, Te Whakamātautau Ātete Waikura, Te Whakamātautau Wiri, Te Whakamātautau Waikura Pitting, Te Tirotiro Peita me te Paninga, Te Arotake Tuhinga….
Te Whakamahinga me te Taupānga
He rauemi nui ngā paipa tuitui kowiri tira e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha nā te mea he ātete tino pai ki te waikura, he kaha teitei, me te kaha ki te tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei. Anei ētahi whakamahinga matua o ngā paipa tuitui kowiri tira:
Te Ahumahi Hinu me te Hau:He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā paipa kowiri tira kore-waikura mō te tūhuratanga hinu me te hau, te kawe waka, me te tukatuka. E whakamahia ana ēnei mō ngā anga poka, ngā paipa, me ngā taputapu tukatuka nā te mea he ātete ki te waikura ki ngā wai me ngā hau.
Ahumahi Matū:I roto i te tukatuka matū me te hanga, ka whakamahia ngā paipa kore waikura hei kawe i ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, ngā whakarewa, me ētahi atu matū waikura. Ka whai wāhi atu ēnei ki te haumaru me te pono o ngā pūnaha paipa.
Ahumahi Pūngao:He mea nui te mahi a ngā paipa kowiri tira kore-ira i roto i te whakaputa pūngao, tae atu ki te pūngao karihi, ngā pūtau wahie, me ngā kaupapa pūngao whakahou, mō ngā paipa me ngā taputapu.
Ahumahi Kai me te Inu:Nā te mea he akuaku, he ātete hoki ki te waikura, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā paipa kowiri tira kore-tuitui i roto i te tukatuka kai me te hanga inu, tae atu ki te kawe i ngā wai, ngā hau, me ngā rauemi kai.
Ahumahi Rongoā:I roto i te hanga rongoā me te whakaputa rongoā, ka whakamahia ngā paipa kowiri tira hei kawe me te whakahaere i ngā kai rongoā, kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa akuaku me te kounga.
Te hanga kaipuke:E whakamahia ana ngā paipa kowiri tira kore hononga ki te hanga kaipuke hei hanga hanganga kaipuke, pūnaha paipa, me ngā taputapu maimoatanga wai moana, nā te mea he ātete ki te waikura o te taiao moana.
Ngā Rauemi Hanga me te Hanga Whare:Ko ngā paipa kowiri tira e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanganga, e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa tuku wai, ngā pūnaha HVAC, me ngā wāhanga hanganga whakapaipai.
Ahumahi Motuka:I roto i te rāngai motuka, ka kitea te whakamahinga o ngā paipa kowiri tira kore-tuitui i roto i ngā pūnaha whakaputa hau nā te mea he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te waikura.
Te Keri me te Whakarewa:I roto i ngā mara keri me te whakarewa, ka whakamahia ngā paipa kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā konganuku, ngā paru, me ngā otinga matū.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā paipa kore-waikura, ā, he pai ake te mahi, e tika ana mō ngā momo ahumahi. He mea nui tā rātou mahi ki te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā tukanga, te whakapai ake i te pono o ngā taputapu, me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi. He rerekē ngā whakamahinga e hiahia ana ngā paipa kore-waikura me ngā whakaritenga me ngā rauemi motuhake hei whakatutuki i ā rātou whakaritenga ahurei.
Te Tākai me te Tukunga
Ka tākaihia, ka tukuna atu hoki ngā paipa kowiri tira me te tino tupato kia tiakina ai i te wā e kawe ana. Anei te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga tākai me te tuku:
Tākai:
● Paninga Ārai: I mua i te tākai, ka pania ngā paipa kowiri tira ki tētahi paparanga hinu tiaki, ki tētahi kiriata rānei hei ārai i te waikura me te kino o te mata.
● Te Herenga: Ka herea ngā paipa o ngā rahi me ngā whakaritenga rite ki te paipa. Ka herea mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki, taura, here kirihou rānei hei ārai i te nekenekehanga i roto i te herenga.
● Ngā Taupoki Pito: Ka whakatakotoria ngā taupoki pito kirihou, whakarewa rānei ki ngā pito e rua o ngā paipa hei tiaki atu i ngā pito me ngā miro o ngā paipa.
● Whakakī me te Urunga: Ka whakamahia ngā rauemi whakakī pēnei i te pahuka, te takai mirumiru, te kāri kōpikopiko rānei hei whakarato urunga me te ārai i ngā kino i te wā e kawe ana.
● Ngā Pouaka Rākau: I ētahi wā, ka tākaihia ngā paipa ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau hei tiaki atu i ngā kaha o waho me te whakahaere.
Tukunga:
● Te Aratau Kawe: Ko ngā paipa kowiri tira ka tukuna mā roto i ngā momo kawe rerekē pēnei i te taraka, te kaipuke, te uta rererangi rānei, i runga i te ūnga me te hiahia kia tere te kawe.
● Te Whakatakotoranga Ipu: Ka taea te uta i ngā paipa ki roto i ngā ipu kaipuke hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whakaritenga o te kawe waka. Ka tiakina hoki e tēnei mai i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me ngā poke o waho.
● Te Tapanga me te Tuhituhi: Kei ia kete he tapanga me ngā mōhiohio nui, tae atu ki ngā whakaritenga, te rahinga, ngā tohutohu whakahaere, me ngā taipitopito haerenga. Ka whakaritea ngā tuhinga tuku mō te whakawātea tikanga me te aroturuki.
● Te Whakatutukitanga o te Tikanga Tuku Iho: Mō ngā tukunga o tāwāhi, kua whakaritea ngā tuhinga katoa e tika ana mō te tikanga tuku hei whakarite kia maeneene te tukunga ki te ūnga.
● Te Whakamau Haumaru: I roto i te waka kawe, i te ipu rānei, ka whakamau haumaruhia ngā paipa hei ārai i te nekehanga me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kino i te wā e kawe ana.
● Te Aroturuki me te Aroturuki: Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha aroturuki matatau hei aroturuki i te wāhi me te āhua o te tuku i te wā tonu.
● Inihuara: I runga i te uara o te utanga, ka taea te tiki inihua kaipuke hei utu i ngā mate, i ngā kino rānei i te wā e kawe ana.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka tākaihia ngā paipa kowiri tira i hangaia e mātou me ngā tikanga tiaki, ā, ka tukuna mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kawe pono kia tae atu ai ki tō rātou ūnga i roto i te āhua pai rawa atu. Mā te tākai tika me ngā tikanga tuku ka whai wāhi ki te pono me te kounga o ngā paipa kua tukuna.
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