He wāhanga nui ngā paipa matū me ngā takirere i roto i te hanga matū, ā, ko rātou te hononga i waenga i ngā momo taputapu matū. Me pēhea te mahi a ngā takirere e 5 e tino kitea ana i roto i ngā paipa matū? Ko te kaupapa matua? He aha ngā paipa matū me ngā takirere hononga? (11 momo paipa + 4 momo hononga + 11 takirere) te whakamahi i ngā paipa matū, he māramatanga katoa!
Ngā paipa me ngā hononga takirere mō te ahumahi matū
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11 ngā momo paipa matū
Ngā momo paipa matū mā te rauemi: ngā paipa whakarewa me ngā paipa kore-whakarewa
Mme ētitaPipe
Paipa rino maka, paipa maitai tuitui, paipa maitai tui kore, paipa parahi, paipa konumohe, paipa mata.
①Paipa rino maka:
Ko te paipa rino maka tētahi o ngā paipa e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā paipa matū.
Nā te pakarukaru me te kore e piri te hononga, he pai anake mō te kawe i ngā mea pēhanga iti, ā, kāore e pai mō te kawe i te mamaoa pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei me ngā matū pahū paitini. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā paipa wai o raro whenua, ngā puna hau me ngā paipa paru. Ko ngā whakaritenga paipa rino maka ki te diameter o roto Ф × matotoru o te pakitara (mm).
② paipa maitai tuitui:
He paipa rino kua tuia kia rite ki te whakamahinga o ngā pūwāhi pēhanga o ngā paipa wai me te hau noa (pēhanga 0.1 ~ 1.0MPa) me ngā paipa matotoru (pēhanga 1.0 ~ 0.5MPa).
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia ēnei hei kawe i te wai, te hau, te mamaoa whakamahana, te hau kōpeke, te hinu me ētahi atu wai pēhanga. Ko te mea kua whakapūmautia ka kiia he paipa rino mā, he paipa whakapūmautia rānei. Ko ngā mea kāore i whakapūmautia ka kiia he paipa rino pango. Ko ōna whakatakotoranga e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te diameter ingoa. Ko te diameter ingoa iti rawa he 6mm, ko te diameter ingoa mōrahi he 150mm.
③ Paipa maitai kore-tuitui:
Ko te painga o te paipa maitai tui he kounga ōrite me te kaha teitei.
Ko ōna rauemi he maitai waro, he maitai kounga teitei, he maitai koranu iti, he maitai kore waikura, he maitai ātete wera. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā tikanga hanga, ka wehea kia rua ngā momo paipa maitai kore hononga hurihuri wera me te paipa maitai kore hononga kume-matao. Ko te diameter o te paipa hangarau neke atu i te 57mm, ko te paipa wera hurihuri e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ko te 57mm i raro iho i te paipa paipa makariri e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Ko te paipa maitai kore-whakarewa he mea noa hei kawe i ngā momo hau pēhanga, kohu me ngā wai, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei ake (tata ki te 435 ℃). Ko te paipa maitai koranu he mea whakamahi hei kawe i ngā mea waikura, ā, ko te paipa koranu ātete-wera ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 900-950 ℃. Ko ngā whakaritenga paipa maitai kore-whakarewa he Ф diameter o roto × matotoru o te pakitara (mm).
Ko te whānui o waho mōrahi o te paipa e tōia ana i te makariri he 200mm, ā, ko te whānui o waho mōrahi o te paipa e hurihia ana i te wera he 630mm. E ai ki te whakamahinga, ka wehea te paipa maitai tui kore ki ngā paipa tui kore whānui me ngā paipa tui kore motuhake, pērā i te paipa tui kore mō te pakaru hinu, te paipa tui kore mō te pōro, te paipa tui kore mō te tongi me ētahi atu.
④Ngongo parahi:
He pai te whakawhiti wera o te ngongo parahi.
Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā taputapu whakawhiti wera me ngā paipa taputapu whakamatao hohonu, ngā ngongo ine pehanga taputapu, te tuku wai pēhanga rānei, engari kaua e whakamahia i raro i te pēhanga ina teitei ake te pāmahana i te 250 ℃. Nā te mea he nui ake te utu, ka whakamahia whānuitia i ngā wāhi nui.
⑤ Ngongo konumohe:
He pai te ātete o te konumohe ki te waikura.
He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā ngongo konumohe hei kawe i te waikawa whanariki kukū, te waikawa acetic, te hauwai whanariki me te hauhā waro me ētahi atu mea, ā, he mea noa hoki te whakamahi i roto i ngā whakawhiti wera. Kāore ngā ngongo konumohe e ātete ki te kawakore, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi hei kawe i ngā otinga kawakore me ngā otinga kei roto ngā katote pūhaumāota.
Nā te kaha ā-pūkaha o te ngongo konumohe, ka piki ake te pāmahana, ā, ka heke nui te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo konumohe, nō reira, kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā ngongo konumohe ki runga ake i te 200 ℃, ā, ka iti ake te whakamahinga o te pāmahana mō te paipa pēhanga. He pai ake ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te konumohe i ngā pāmahana iti, nō reira, ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia ngā ngongo konumohe me te koranu konumohe i roto i ngā taputapu wehewehe hau.
(6) Paipa mata:
Ko te paipa mata he mea whakamahi noa hei paipa kawe i ngā mea waikawa, ā, ka taea te kawe i te 0.5% ki te 15% o te waikawa whanariki, te hauhā waro, te 60% o te waikawa hauwaiwai me te waikawa acetic i raro iho i te 80% o te mea, kaua e kawe ki te waikawa hauota, te waikawa hypochlorous me ētahi atu mea. Ko te pāmahana mahi mōrahi o te paipa mata he 200℃.
Ngā ngongo kore-whakarewa
Paipa kirihou, paipa kirihou, paipa karāhe, paipa uku, paipa sima.
①Paipa kirihou:
Ko ngā painga o ngā paipa kirihou he ātete pai ki te waikura, he mama, he watea te hanga, he ngāwari ki te tukatuka.
Ko ngā ngoikoretanga ko te kaha iti me te ātete wera iti.
Ko ngā paipa kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā ko ngā paipa polyvinyl chloride mārō, ngā paipa polyvinyl chloride ngohengohe, ngā paipa polyethylene, ngā paipa polypropylene, me ngā paipa whakarewa e rehu ana ki te mata o te polyethylene, te polytrifluoroethylene me ētahi atu.
② ngongo rapa:
He pai te ātete ki te waikura, he mama, he pai te kirihou, he pai te tāutanga, te wetewete, he ngāwari, he watea hoki te ngongo rapa.
Ko ngā ngongo rapa e whakamahia whānuitia ana he mea hanga ki te rapa maori, ki te rapa hangai rānei, e tika ana mō ngā huihuinga me ngā hiahia pēhanga iti.
③ Ngongo karāhe:
He pai ngā painga o te ngongo karāhe, arā, te ātete ki te waikura, te mārama, te ngāwari ki te horoi, te iti o te ātete, te utu iti, me ētahi atu, ko te ngoikoretanga he pakarukaru, kāore e pēhanga.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā wāhi mahi whakamātautau, whakamātautau rānei.
④ ngongo uku:
He rite tonu ngā uku matū me te karāhe, he pai te ātete ki te waikura, me te waikawa hydrofluoric, te waikawa fluorosilicic me te alkali kaha, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā momo kukū o ngā waikawa inorganic, ngā waikawa organic me ngā whakarewa organic.
Nā te iti o te kaha, te pakarukaru, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei ārai i ngā paipa waikura me ngā paipa hauhautanga.
⑤ Paipa sima:
Ko te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaritenga pēhanga, kāore e hiahiatia he wā nui mō te tango i te hiri, pērā i te paru i raro i te whenua, te paipa waikeri me ētahi atu.
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4 Ngā Momo Whakapiringa
Haunga te paipa i roto i te paipa, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tukanga whakaputa me te tāutanga me te tiaki, he maha atu anō ngā wāhanga o te paipa, pērā i ngā ngongo poto, ngā tuke, ngā tī, ngā whakaiti, ngā flanges, ngā arai me ētahi atu.
E kiia ana ēnei wāhanga mō ngā taputapu paipa he hononga. He wāhanga nui ngā hononga paipa o te paipa. Anei tētahi whakataki poto ki ētahi hononga e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
① Tuke
Ko te tuke te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei whakarerekē i te ahunga o te paipa, kia rite ki te taumata piko o te tuke o ngā momo whakarōpūtanga rerekē, ko te tuke noa 90°, 45°, 180°, 360°. Ko te tuke 180°, 360°, e mōhiotia ana ko te piko āhua "U".
Kei reira anō hoki ngā tukanga paipa e hiahia ana ki tētahi koki motuhake o te tuke. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tuke hei piko paipa tika, hei whakarewa paipa rānei, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i muri i te whakahāngai me te whakarewa, te maka me te hanga rānei me ētahi atu tikanga, pērā i te tuke paipa pēhanga teitei, ko te nuinga he maitai waro kounga teitei, he maitai koranu rānei te hanga, ā, ka huri hei maitai waro kounga teitei.
②Tī
Ina honoa ngā paipa e rua tetahi ki tetahi, ina hiahiatia rānei he poka whakawhiti, ka kiia te hononga i te hononga he tī.
E ai ki ngā koki rerekē o te urunga ki te paipa, kei reira te urunga poutū ki te hononga tī pai, te hononga tī whakarara. Ko te tī piko ka taea te whakarite i te ingoa e ai ki te koki piko, pērā i te tī piko 45° me ētahi atu.
Hei tāpiritanga, kia rite ki te rahi o te putanga me te rahi o te tī, he rite te diameter. Haunga ngā hononga tī noa, he maha ngā wā ka kiia he tī hononga whakarara, hei tauira, whā, rima. Haunga ngā hononga tī noa, kei reira anō hoki ngā hononga tī kua whakarewahia, te whakarewa me te hanga.
③Upoko me te whakaiti
I te wā e kore ai he wāhanga iti o te huihuinga paipa, i te mea rānei he hiahia tiaki kei roto i te paipa, ka whakamahia he nipple hei whakatakoto i tētahi wāhanga iti o te paipa tango.
Ko te tangohanga o te kōpuku me ngā hononga (pēnei i te flange, te tīwiri, me ētahi atu), he ngongo poto noa iho rānei, e mōhiotia ana ko te gasket paipa.
E rua ngā paipa kāore i te ōrite te whānui o te waha e hono ana ki ngā hononga paipa e kiia nei ko te whakaiti. E kiia ana ko te upoko rahi. He whakaiti whakarewa kei roto i ēnei hononga, engari he paipa kua tapahia, kua whakarewahia rānei, kua whakarewahia rānei me te pereti maitai kua hurihia ki roto. Ko ngā whakaiti i roto i ngā paipa pēhanga-teitei he mea hanga mai i ngā mea hanga, i ngā ngongo maitai kore-piripiri pēhanga-teitei rānei.
④Ngā ārai me ngā ārai
Hei whakahaere i te tāutanga me te tiaki, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te paipa i roto i te hononga wetewete, ko te flange tetahi o ngā wāhanga hononga e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Mō te horoi me te tirotiro, me whakatū he kōhao ā-ringa, he pereti ārai rānei ki te pito o te paipa i roto i te paipa. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te pereti ārai hei kati wā poto i te paipa o tētahi atanga, o tētahi wāhanga rānei o te paipa hei whakamutu i te hononga ki te pūnaha.
I te nuinga o te wā, he rite te āhua o te paipa pēhanga iti me te āhua o te flange totoka, nō reira ka kiia hoki tēnei arai ko te taupoki flange, kua whakapūmautia tēnei arai me te flange kotahi, ka kitea ngā ine motuhake i roto i ngā pukapuka e tika ana.
Hei tāpiritanga, i roto i ngā taputapu matū me te tiaki paipa, kia mau ai te haumaru, he maha ngā wā ka hangaia he pereti maitai e whakaurua ana ki waenganui i ngā papa e rua o ngā kōpae totoka, hei wehe i te taputapu, i te paipa rānei me te pūnaha whakaputa mō te wā poto. Ko tēnei arai e kiia ana he arai whakauru. Ka taea te whakauru i te rahi o te arai whakauru ki roto i te mata hiri o te papa o te diameter kotahi.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-01-2023