Ngā Whakaaro Hoahoa mō te Whakawhiti Wera me ngā Mātauranga e Pā Ana

1. hoahoa whakawhiti wera, me whakarato te kaiwhakamahi i ngā tikanga hoahoa e whai ake nei (ngā tawhā tukanga):

① ngongo, te pēhanga whakahaere hōtaka anga (hei tetahi o ngā tikanga hei whakatau mena kei runga i te akomanga ngā taputapu, me whakaratohia)

② ngongo, pāmahana whakahaere hōtaka anga (tomo / putanga)

③ te pāmahana pakitara whakarewa (i tatauhia e te tukanga (i whakaratohia e te kaiwhakamahi))

④Ingoa me ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi

⑤Tawhiti waikura

⑥Te maha o ngā kaupapa

⑦ rohe whakawhiti wera

⑧ ngā whakatakotoranga o te ngongo whakawhiti wera, te whakaritenga (tapatoru, tapawhā rānei)

⑨ pereti whakapiko, te maha rānei o te pereti tautoko

⑩ rauemi whakamarumaru me te matotoru (hei whakatau i te teitei o te nohoanga pereti ingoa e kokiri ana)

(11) Peita.

Ⅰ. Mena he whakaritenga motuhake tā te kaiwhakamahi, me whakarato e te kaiwhakamahi te waitohu, te tae

Ⅱ. Kāore he whakaritenga motuhake a ngā kaiwhakamahi, ko ngā kaihoahoa tonu te hunga i whiriwhiri

2. He maha ngā āhuatanga hoahoa matua

① Te pēhanga whakahaere: hei tētahi o ngā whakaritenga mō te whakatau mēnā he mea whakarōpū te taputapu, me whakaratohia.

② āhuatanga rauemi: ki te kore te kaiwhakamahi e whakarato i te ingoa o te rauemi, me whakarato te taumata o te paitini o te rauemi.

Nā te mea e pā ana te paitini o te reo ki te aroturuki kore-whakangaro o ngā taputapu, te maimoatanga wera, te taumata o ngā whakarewa mō ngā taputapu o runga, engari e pā ana hoki ki te wehenga o ngā taputapu:

a, GB150 10.8.2.1 (f) e whakaatu ana ngā tuhi he 100% RT te paitini kei roto i te ipu e pupuri ana i te tino morearea, i te tino morearea rānei.

b, 10.4.1.3 e whakaatu ana ngā tuhi me whakamahana ngā ipu e pupuri ana i ngā mea tino morearea, tino morearea rānei mō te paitini i muri i te whakarewatanga (kāore pea ngā hononga whakarewa o te maitai kore waikura austenitic e whakamahanatia).

c. Ngā Hanganga. Me tutuki i te whakamahinga o te paitini waenga mō ngā hanganga tino kino, tino morearea rānei ngā whakaritenga o te Akomanga III, IV rānei.

③ Ngā whakaritenga o te paipa:

Ko te maitai waro e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko φ19×2, φ25×2.5, φ32×3, φ38×5

Kowiri tira φ19×2, φ25×2, φ32×2.5, φ38×2.5

Te whakatakotoranga o ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera: tapatoru, tapatoru kokonga, tapawhā, tapawhā kokonga.

★ Mēnā e hiahiatia ana te horoi ā-ringa i waenga i ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera, me whakamahi he whakaritenga tapawhā.

1. Te pēhanga hoahoa, te pāmahana hoahoa, te tauwehenga hononga whakarewa

2. Diameter: DN < 400 rango, te whakamahinga o te paipa maitai.

DN ≥ 400 te rango, e whakamahi ana i te pereti maitai kua hurihia.

Paipa maitai 16" ------ me te kaiwhakamahi ki te matapaki i te whakamahinga o te pereti maitai kua hurihia.

3. Hoahoa tahora:

E ai ki te rohe whakawhiti wera, me tuhi he hoahoa tahora mō ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera hei whakatau i te maha o ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera.

Mena ka whakaratohia e te kaiwhakamahi he hoahoa paipa, engari me arotake anō hoki te paipa kei roto i te porowhita rohe paipa.

★Te kaupapa o te whakatakoto paipa:

(1) Me kī tonu te porowhita o te paipa i te paipa.

② Me taurite te maha o ngā paipa maha-whiu ki te maha o ngā whiu.

③ Me whakarite kia ōrite te tūnga o te ngongo whakawhiti wera.

4. Rauemi

Mēnā he pakihiwi pūkohu te pereti ngongo, ā, e hono ana ki te rango (te pane rānei), me whakamahi te hanga. Nā te whakamahinga o tēnei hanganga, ka whakamahia te pereti ngongo mō ngā āhuatanga pēhanga teitei, mura, pahū, me te paitini mō ngā wā tino kino, tino morearea, nā te nui ake o ngā whakaritenga mō te pereti ngongo, ka matotoru ake hoki te pereti ngongo. Hei karo i te pakihiwi pūkohu kia puta ai he para, he wehewehe, me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ahotea muka pakihiwi pūkohu, whakaitihia te nui o te tukatuka, penapena rauemi, ka hangaia tika te pakihiwi pūkohu me te pereti ngongo mai i te hanga whānui hei hanga i te pereti ngongo.

5. Hononga whakawhiti wera me te pereti ngongo

I roto i te hononga o te ngongo i roto i te pereti ngongo, he mea nui ake te wāhanga o te hanganga i roto i te hoahoa o te anga me te whakawhiti wera ngongo. Ehara i te mea ko te mahi tukatuka anake te mea nui, engari me mahi i ia hononga i roto i te whakahaere o te taputapu kia kore ai e turuturu te reo, kia tu atu hoki i te kaha pēhanga reo.

Ko te hononga o te ngongo me te pereti ngongo ko ngā huarahi matua e toru: a. te whakawhanui; b. te whakarewa; c. te whakarewa whakawhanui

E kore e puta he hua kino mēnā ka whānui te anga me te ngongo i waenganui i te turuturu o te pāpāho, inā koa he ngoikore te kaha whakarewa o te rauemi (pērā i te ngongo whakawhiti wera o te maitai waro) me te nui rawa o te kawenga mahi a te wheketere hanga.

Nā te whānui o te pito o te ngongo i roto i te whakarerekētanga kirihou whakarewa, ka puta he ahotea toenga, me te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka ngaro haere te ahotea toenga, kia whakaitihia ai te mahi hiri me te here o te pito o te ngongo, kia whānui ai te hanganga e ngā herenga pēhanga me te pāmahana, e pā ana ki te pēhanga hoahoa ≤ 4Mpa, te pāmahana hoahoa ≤ 300 nekehanga, ā, i roto i te mahi o te kore wiri tutu, kore huringa pāmahana nui, me te kore waikura ahotea nui.

He ngāwari te hanga, he tino pai te mahi, ā, he pono hoki te hononga whakarewa. Mā te whakarewa, he pai ake te mahi a te ngongo ki te pereti ngongo ki te whakanui ake; ā, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga tukatuka poka paipa, te penapena i te wā tukatuka, te ngāwari o te tiaki me ētahi atu painga, me whakamahi hei kaupapa matua.

Hei tāpiritanga, ina nui rawa te paitini o te reo, ka ngāwari te pahū o te reo me te āhuarangi. He ngāwari te pahū o te reo, he irahiko rānei, he paipa rānei te whakaranu i roto, i waho rānei o te paipa, ā, ka pā kino tēnei ki te hiri o ngā hononga, engari he maha tonu te whakamahi i te tikanga whakarewa. Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te tikanga whakarewa, nā te mea kāore e taea te karo katoa i te "waikura kapiti" me te waikura ahotea o ngā pona whakarewa, ā, he uaua ki te hanga i tētahi whakarewa pono i waenganui i te pakitara paipa angiangi me te pereti paipa matotoru.

Ka taea e te tikanga whakarewa te whakamahi i ngā pāmahana teitei ake i te whakawhanui, engari i raro i te pānga o te ahotea huringa pāmahana teitei, ka tino ngāwari te whakarewa ki ngā pakaru ngenge, ki te āputa o ngā ngongo me ngā kōhao ngongo, ina pāngia e te waikura, kia tere ake ai te kino o te hononga. Nō reira, ka whakamahia ngā hononga whakarewa me ngā hononga whakawhanui i te wā kotahi. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te ātete ngenge o te hononga anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te āhua o te waikura o te kapiti, ā, he roa ake tōna ora mahi i te whakamahi i te whakarewa anake.

Kāore he paerewa ōrite mō ngā wā e tika ana mō te whakatinanatanga o ngā hononga whakarewa me ngā hononga whānui. I te nuinga o te wā, i te mea kāore i te tino teitei te pāmahana engari he tino teitei te pēhanga, he tino ngāwari rānei te turuturu o te reo, ka whakamahia te whakapūmau kaha me te whakakī hiri (ko te whakakī hiri he tikanga noa iho hei ārai i te turuturu me te whakatinanatanga o te whakakī, ā, kāore e kī taurangi i te kaha).

Ina tino teitei te pēhanga me te pāmahana, ka whakamahia te whakarewa kaha me te whakawhānui i te whakapiri (ko te whakarewa kaha he mea hanga ahakoa he piri te whakarewa, engari me whakarite hoki he kaha kume nui te hononga, ko te tikanga e pā ana ki te kaha o te whakarewa kia rite ki te kaha o te paipa i raro i te kawenga axial i te wā e whakarewahia ana). Ko te mahi matua o te whakawhānui ko te whakakore i te waikura o te kapiti me te whakapai ake i te ātete ngenge o te whakarewa. Kua whakaritea ngā āhuatanga hanganga motuhake o te paerewa (GB/T151), kāore e whakamāramahia i konei.

Mō ngā whakaritenga mō te taratara o te mata o te kōhao paipa:

A, ina honoa te ngongo whakawhiti wera me te pereti ngongo ki te whakarewa, ko te uara o te mata o te ngongo Ra kāore e neke ake i te 35uM.

b, he hononga whakawhanui ngongo whakawhiti wera kotahi me te pereti ngongo, ko te uara mata o te poka ngongo Ra kaua e neke ake i te hononga whakawhanui 12.5uM, kaua te mata o te poka ngongo e pā ki te kikī o te whakawhanui o ngā hapa, pērā i te kaute roa, te porowhita rānei.