He aha te flange?
He kupu whānui noa iho te kupu "flange", e pā ana ki tētahi tinana whakarewa āhua kōpae rite tonu hei whakatuwhera i ētahi kōhao pumau, hei hono i ētahi atu mea. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei momo mea i roto i ngā mīhini, nō reira he āhua rerekē te āhua. Nā te mea e mōhiotia ana ko te "flange", i ahu mai tōna ingoa i te kupu Ingarihi "flange". Nō reira, ko te hononga o ngā paipa me te paipa o ngā wāhanga, e hono ana ki te pito o te paipa, he kōhao kei te flange, he tīwiri hei hanga i ngā flange e rua kia piri, me te hiri i waenganui i te flange.
Ko te flange he wāhanga āhua kōpae, ko te mea tino noa i roto i te hangarau paipa, ka whakamahia takirua ngā flange.
Mō ngā momo hononga flange, e toru ngā wāhanga:
- Ngā pūwero paipa
- Pakitara
- Hononga pūtu
I te nuinga o te wā, ka kitea he rauemi motuhake mō te hiri me te pūtu i hangaia mai i te rauemi kotahi me te wāhanga o te flange paipa. Ko ngā flange tino noa ko ngā flange kowiri tira. I tetahi atu ringa, e wātea ana ngā flange i roto i ngā momo rauemi hei whakataurite i a rātou ki ngā whakaritenga o te papaanga. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi flange tino noa ko te monel, te inconel, me te chrome molybdenum, i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te papaanga. Ko te kōwhiringa rauemi pai rawa atu me whakawhirinaki ki te momo pūnaha e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamahi i te flange me ngā whakaritenga motuhake.
7 Ngā Momo Pāreti Noa
He maha ngā momo āputa ka taea te whiriwhiri kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te papaanga. Kia ōrite ki te hoahoa o te āputa tino pai, me whakarite kia pono te mahi me te roa o te ora ratonga, ā, me whai whakaaro ki te utu tino tika.
1. te flange miro:
Ko ngā miro miro, he miro kei roto i te pū o te miro, ka whakauruhia ki ngā miro o waho i te hononga. Ko te hononga miro i konei he mea hei karo i te whakarewa i ngā wā katoa. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka honoa mā te taurite i ngā miro ki te paipa e tāutahia ana.
2. Ngā hononga whakarewa
Ko tēnei momo flange e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa iti ake, ko te diameter o te rohe pāmahana iti me te pēhanga iti e tohuhia ana e te hononga e whakanohoia ai te paipa ki roto i te flange hei whakarite i te hononga me te hononga kotahi, maha-ara rānei. Mā tēnei ka karohia ngā here e pā ana ki ngā pito miro ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu momo flange kua whakarewaina, ā, ka māmā ake te tāutanga.
3. Ngā āputa o te taupoki
Ko te flange whiri he momo flange e hiahiatia ana kia honoa te pito o te poupou ki tētahi hononga kia taea ai te whakamahi me te flange tautoko hei hanga hononga flange. Nā tēnei hoahoa kua rongonui ai tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā pūnaha maha e iti ana te wāhi, e hiahiatia ana rānei te wetewete pinepine, e hiahiatia ana rānei he tiaki nui.
4. Ngā āputa reti
He tino noa ngā pāreti reti, ā, e wātea ana i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā rahi hei whakatutuki i ngā pūnaha he nui te rere me te whakaputanga. Mā te taurite noa i te pāreti ki te diameter o waho o te paipa ka tino māmā te tāuta i te hononga. He ahua hangarau te tāutanga o ēnei pāreti nā te mea me whakapiripiri ngā taha e rua hei whakau i te pāreti ki te paipa.
5. Ngā āputa matapo
He pai rawa atu ēnei momo āputa mō te whakamutu i ngā pūnaha paipa. He rite te āhua o te pereti matapo ki tētahi kōpae kau ka taea te whakapuru. Kia tika te tāutanga me te whakakotahitanga ki te gasket tika, ka taea te hanga hiri pai, ā, he ngāwari ki te tango ina hiahiatia.
6. Whakapirihia ngā parirau kaki
He tino rite ngā āputa kaki whakarewa ki ngā āputa hope, engari me whakarewa te pūtake mō te tāutanga. Ā, ko te pakari o te mahi a tēnei pūnaha me tōna kaha ki te piko i ngā wā maha, me te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei, koinei te whiringa matua mō ngā paipa tukatuka.
7. Ngā āputa motuhake
Ko tēnei momo flange te mea tino mōhiotia. Heoi, he whānuitia ngā momo flange motuhake e wātea ana hei whakatutuki i ngā momo whakamahinga me ngā taiao. He maha atu anō ngā kōwhiringa pērā i ngā flange nipo, ngā flange weldo, ngā flange whakawhānui, ngā kōhao, ngā kaki whakarewa roa me ngā flange whakaiti.
5 Ngā Momo Motuhake o ngā Pāreti
1. WeldoFroa
He tino rite te flange Weldo ki te flange Nipo nā te mea he huinga o ngā flange whakapiri-tua me ngā hononga hononga peka. He mea hanga ngā flange Weldo mai i te wahi kotahi o te maitai whakarewa totoka, kaua ki ngā wāhanga takitahi e whakapirihia ngātahitia ana.
2. Te āputa Nipo
He paipa peka te Nipoflange e anga ana ki te koki o te 90 nekehanga, he hua i hangaia mā te whakakotahi i ngā flange whakarewa-tua me te Nipolet whakarewa. Ahakoa he wahi maitai whakarewa pakari te flange Nipo, kāore i te mārama he hua rerekē e rua kua whakarewahia ngātahi. Ko te tāutanga o te Nipoflange ko te whakarewa ki te wāhanga Nipolet o te taputapu hei whakahaere i te paipa me te whakapuru i te wāhanga flange ki te flange paipa poutū e te kapa paipa.
He mea nui kia mōhio koe kei te wātea ngā āputa Nipo i roto i ngā momo rauemi rerekē pērā i te waro, ngā maitai waro pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana iti, ngā karaehe maitai kore waikura, me ngā koranu nikara. Ko te nuinga o ngā āputa Nipo he mea hanga ki te hanganga whakapakari, e āwhina ana ki te hoatu i te kaha ā-ringa atu ki a rātou ina whakaritea ki ngā āputa Nipo paerewa.
3. Te Elboflange me te Latroflange
E mōhiotia ana a Elboflange he huinga o te flange me te Elbolet, ko Latroflange ia e mōhiotia ana he huinga o te flange me te Latrolet. Ka whakamahia ngā flange tuke hei peka i ngā paipa i te koki 45 tohu.
4. Ngā porowhita mowhiti hurihuri
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā parirau porowhita he whakahaere i te tūnga o ngā kōhao pūtu i waenga i ngā parirau takirua e rua, he mea āwhina nui ake tēnei i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha, pērā i te tāutanga o ngā paipa whānui nui, ngā paipa ruku wai, ngā paipa tai moana me ngā taiao rite. He pai ēnei momo parirau mō ngā wai e hiahiatia ana i roto i te hinu, te hau, ngā hauwaiwai, te wai, ngā matū me ētahi atu whakamahinga whakahaere matū me te wai.
Mō ngā paipa whānui, ka whakauruhia he flange whakarewa paerewa ki te paipa i tetahi pito, me te flange hurihuri ki tetahi pito. Mā te huri noa i te flange hurihuri i runga i te paipa ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te whakarite tika i ngā kōhao pūtu i roto i te huarahi tino māmā, tere hoki.
Ko ētahi o ngā paerewa matua mō ngā āpiti porowhita ko ASME, ANSI rānei, DIN, BS, EN, ISO, me ētahi atu. Ko tētahi o ngā paerewa rongonui mō ngā tono matū hinu ko ANSI, ASME B16.5 rānei, ASME B16.47 rānei. Ko ngā āpiti porowhita he āpiti ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā āhua paerewa āpiti noa katoa. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaki whakarewa, ko ngā paheke, ko ngā hononga lap, ko ngā whakarewa kōhao, me ētahi atu, i roto i ngā reanga rauemi katoa, i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā rahi mai i te 3/8" ki te 60", me ngā pēhanga mai i te 150 ki te 2500. Ka taea te hanga ngāwari i ēnei āpiti mai i te waro, te koranu, me te maitai kore waikura.
5. Ngā āputa whakawhānui
Ko ngā flange whakawhānui, e whakamahia ana hei whakanui i te rahi o te poka o te paipa mai i tētahi pūwāhi ki tētahi atu hei hono i te paipa ki ētahi atu taputapu mīhini pēnei i ngā papu, ngā compressors, me ngā takirere he rerekē te rahi o te tomokanga.
Ko ngā whīra whakawhanui he whīra whakarara-tuatahi he kōhao nui kei te pito kāore i te whīra-tuatahi. Ka taea te whakamahi hei tāpiri i tētahi, i ētahi rānei rahi, tae atu ki te 4 inihi ki te pūwero o te paipa e rere ana. He pai ake ēnei momo whīra i te whakakotahitanga o ngā whakaiti whīra-tuatahi me ngā whīra paerewa nā te mea he iti ake te utu, he māmā ake hoki. Ko tētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā whīra whakawhanui ko te A105 me te kowiri tira ASTM A182.
Kei te wātea ngā flange whakawhānui i roto i ngā whakatauranga pēhanga me ngā rahi e ai ki ngā whakaritenga ANSI, ASME B16.5 rānei, arā, he pūkohu, he papatahi rānei (RF, FF rānei). Ko ngā flange whakaiti, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā flange whakaiti, he rerekē te mahi ki ngā flange whakawhānui, arā, ka whakamahia hei whakaiti i te rahi o te pū o te paipa. Ka taea te whakaiti ngāwari i te diameter pū o te paipa, engari kaua e neke atu i te 1, i te 2 rānei ngā rahi. Mena ka ngana ki te whakaiti i tua atu i tēnei, me whakamahi he otinga e hangai ana ki te huinga o ngā whakaiti i whakapirihia ki te papa me ngā flange paerewa.
Te Rahi o te Flange me ngā Whakaaro Noa
Haunga te hoahoa mahi o te flange, ko tōna rahi te mea tino nui hei awe i te kōwhiringa flange i te wā e hoahoa ana, e tiaki ana, e whakahou ana hoki i te pūnaha paipa. Engari, me whai whakaaro ki te hononga o te flange ki te paipa me ngā gaskets e whakamahia ana hei whakarite i te rahi tika. Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnei, ko ētahi whakaaro noa koia ēnei:
- Te whānui o waho: Ko te whānui o waho ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā taha e rua e rerekē ana o te mata o te flange.
- Matotoru: Ka inehia te matotoru mai i waho o te awhi.
- Te Diameter o te Porowhita Pūtu: Koinei te tawhiti i waenga i ngā kōhao pūtu e inehia ana mai i waenganui ki waenganui.
- Rahi Paipa: Ko te rahi paipa ko te rahi e rite ana ki te flange.
- Pūnga Ingoa: Ko te pūnga ingoa ko te rahi o te diameter o roto o te hononga flange.
Te Whakarōpūtanga o te Flange me te Taumata Ratonga
Ko ngā flange te nuinga o te wā ka whakarōpūtia e tō rātou kaha ki te tu atu i ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga rerekē. Ka tohua mā te whakamahi i ngā reta, i ngā tāpiringa rānei "#", "lb" "class" rānei. He tāpiringa whakawhiti ēnei, ā, ka rerekē hoki i runga i te rohe, i te kaiwhakarato rānei. Ko ngā whakarōpūtanga e mōhiotia whānuitia ana kua whakarārangihia i raro nei:
- 150#
- 300#
- 600#
- 900#
- 1500#
- 2500#
Ka rerekē ngā ātete pēhanga me te pāmahana ōrite i runga i te rauemi e whakamahia ana, te hoahoa o te flange me te rahi o te flange. Heoi, ko te pūmau anake ko te whakatauranga pēhanga, ka heke iho i te pikinga o te pāmahana.
Momo Mata Flange
He āhuatanga tino nui anō hoki te momo mata e pā nui ana ki te mahi whakamutunga me te roa o te mahi a te flange. Nō reira, ka tātarihia ētahi o ngā momo mata flange tino nui i raro nei:
1. Papatahi Papatahi (FF)
Kei te papa kotahi te mata o te hiri o te flange papatahi ki te mata o te anga kua whakapurua. Ko ngā taonga e whakamahi ana i ngā flange papatahi ko ērā i hangaia ki ngā pokepoke hei taurite i te flange, i te taupoki flange rānei. Kaua ngā flange papatahi e whakanohoia ki runga i ngā flange taha kua hurihia. E kī ana a ASME B31.1, i te wā e hono ana i ngā flange rino maka papatahi ki ngā flange maitai waro, me tango te mata kua ara ake i runga i ngā flange maitai waro, ā, me whai hiri mata katoa. Hei ārai i ngā flange rino maka iti, pakarukaru kei turuturu ki roto i te āputa i hangaia e te ihu kua ara ake o te flange maitai waro.
Ka whakamahia tēnei momo mata o te flange i roto i te hanga taputapu me ngā takirere mō ngā tono katoa e hangaia ai te rino maka. He pakarukaru ake te rino maka, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia mō ngā tono pāmahana iti, pēhanga iti anake. Mā te mata papatahi ka taea e ngā flange e rua te pa atu ki te mata katoa. He rite te teitei o te mata pa o ngā Flange Papatahi (FF) ki ngā miro pūtu o te flange. Ka whakamahia ngā horoi mata katoa i waenganui i ngā flange papatahi e rua, ā, he maha ngā wā he ngohengohe. E ai ki te ASME B31.3, kaua ngā flange papatahi e honoa ki ngā flange teitei nā te mea ka taea te turuturu mai i te hononga flange ka puta.
2. Flange Mata-Whakaara (RF)
Ko te flange mata whakaara te momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi a te kaihanga, ā, he māmā noa te kite. Ka kiia ko te convex nā te mea kei runga ake te mata o te gasket i te mata o te mowhiti pūtu. Me whakamahi i ngā momo gasket maha ia momo mata, tae atu ki ngā momo ripa mowhiti papatahi me ngā mea whakarewa pēnei i ngā momo takai porowhita me ngā momo takai takirua.
Kua hangaia ngā flange RF hei whakawhāiti i te pēhanga ki tētahi wāhi iti o te gasket, kia pai ake ai te whakahaere pēhanga o te hononga. Kei te ASME B16.5 ngā diameter me ngā teitei e ai ki te taumata pēhanga me te diameter. Ko te taumata pēhanga flange e tohu ana i te teitei o te mata e hikitia ana. Ko te tikanga o ngā flange RF he whakawhāiti i te pēhanga ki tētahi wāhi iti o te gasket, kia nui ake ai te kaha whakahaere pēhanga o te hononga. Kei te ASME B16.5 ngā diameter me ngā teitei e ai ki te akomanga pēhanga me te diameter. Ngā whakatauranga flange pēhanga.
3. Mowhiti porowhita (RTJ)
Ina hiahiatia he hiri whakarewa-ki-whakarewa i waenganui i ngā hononga takirua (koinei te tikanga mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei, arā, neke atu i te 700/800 C°), ka whakamahia te Ring Joint Flange (RTJ).
He awaawa porowhita tō te hononga mowhiti hei whakanoho i te gasket hononga mowhiti (porowhita, tapawhā rānei).
Ina honoa ngā hononga mowhiti e rua, kātahi ka whakakīkītia, ka whakapōturitia te āhua o te hiri i roto i te awaawa o te hiri e te kaha hiri e whakamahia ana, ka hanga he hiri tino piripono i waenganui i te konganuku me te konganuku. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, me ngawari ake (he ngāwari ake) te rauemi o te hiri hononga mowhiti i te rauemi o ngā hiri.
Ka taea te hiri i ngā flange RTJ ki ngā gasket RTJ o ngā momo rerekē (R, RX, BX) me ngā kōtaha (hei tauira, he tapawaru/porowhita mō te momo R).
Ko te gasket RTJ tino kitea ko te momo R me te tapahanga-ō-waru, nā te mea ka tino kaha te hiri (ko te tapahanga-porowhita te momo tawhito). Heoi, ka whakaaetia e te hoahoa "awhiowhio papatahi" ngā momo gasket RTJ e rua me te tapahanga-ō-waru, porowhita rānei.
4. Ngā āputa arero me te awaawa (T me te G)
E rua ngā āputa arero me te awaawa (ngā mata T me G) e tino pai ana te uru: he mowhiti teitei tō tētahi āputa, ā, he awaawa tō tētahi e ngāwari ai te uru (ka uru te arero ki roto i te awaawa, ka hiritia te hononga).
Kei te wātea ngā āputa arero me te awaawa i ngā rahi nui me ngā rahi iti.
5. Ngā Āpiti Tāne me te Wahine (M me te F)
He rite ki ngā āputa arero me te awaawa, he ōrite ngā āputa tāne me ngā āputa uwha (momo mata M me F).
Kei tētahi flange te horahanga e toro atu ana i tua atu i tōna horahanga mata, ko te flange tāne, ā, kei tētahi atu flange ngā poka ōrite kua mīhinihia ki roto i te mata anga, ko te flange uwha.
Whakaotinga Mata Flange
Hei whakarite kia tino uru te flange ki te gasket me te flange e hono ana, me whai taumata taratara te horahanga o te mata o te flange (mō ngā whakaotinga flange RF me FF anake). Ko te momo taratara o te mata o te flange te momo "otinga flange".
Ko ngā momo noa ko te mata rakau, te mata nikau porotaka, te mata nikau porotaka me te mata maeneene.
E whā ngā whakaotinga mata taketake mō ngā flange maitai, heoi, ko te whāinga matua o tētahi momo whakaotinga mata flange ko te whakaputa i te taratara e hiahiatia ana ki te mata flange kia pai ai te urutau i waenga i te flange, te gasket me te flange honohono hei whakarato i te hiri kounga teitei.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-08-2023