maitai waro
He maitai e whakawhirinaki ana ōna āhuatanga hangarau ki te nui o te waro i roto i te maitai, ā, kāore he huānga whakarewa nui e tāpirihia ana ki reira, e kiia ana i ētahi wā he waro noa, he maitai waro rānei.
Ko te maitai waro, e kiia ana hoki ko te maitai waro, e pā ana ki ngā koranu rino-waro kei roto i te iti iho i te 2% te WC waro.
Hei tāpiritanga ki te waro, he iti noa iho te silicon, te manganese, te whanariki me te phosphorus kei roto i te maitai waro.
E ai ki te whakamahinga o te maitai waro, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā momo maitai hanganga waro e toru: te maitai taputapu waro me te maitai hanganga tapahi kore utu, ka wehea te maitai hanganga waro ki ngā momo maitai hanganga e rua mō te hanga me te hanga mīhini;
E ai ki te tikanga whakarewa, ka taea te wehewehe ki te maitai oumu papatahi, te maitai whakawhiti me te maitai oumu hiko;
E ai ki te tikanga tango waikura, ka taea te wehewehe ki te maitai kohua (F), te maitai noho (Z), te maitai noho-haurua (b) me te maitai noho motuhake (TZ);
E ai ki te nui o te waro, ka taea te wehewehe i te maitai waro ki te maitai waro iti (WC ≤ 0.25%), te maitai waro waenga (WC 0.25%-0.6%) me te maitai waro teitei (WC> 0.6%);
E ai ki te nui o te whākōkī, ka taea te wehewehe i te maitai waro ki te maitai waro noa (kei roto te whākōkī, he nui ake te whākōkī), te maitai waro kounga teitei (kei roto te whākōkī, he iti ake te whākōkī) me te maitai kounga teitei (kei roto te whākōkī, he iti ake te whākōkī) me te maitai kounga teitei motuhake.
Ko te nui ake o te ihirangi waro i roto i te maitai waro whānui, ko te nui ake o te pakeke, ko te teitei ake o te kaha, engari ko te iti ake o te kirihou.
Kowiri tira
Ko te maitai kore waikura ātete-waikawa e kiia ana ko te maitai kore waikura, e rua ngā wāhanga matua: ko te maitai kore waikura me te maitai ātete-waikawa. I roto i te poto, ko te maitai e ātete ana ki te waikura o te hau e kiia ana ko te maitai kore waikura, ko te maitai e ātete ana ki te waikura i te matū e kiia ana ko te maitai ātete-waikura. Ko te maitai kore waikura he maitai koranu teitei me te neke atu i te 60% o te rino hei hanganga, me te tāpiri i te chromium, te nickel, te molybdenum me ētahi atu huānga koranu.
Ina neke atu i te 12% te chromium o te maitai, kāore te maitai i te waikura me te waikawa hauota waimeha e ngāwari ki te waikura, ki te waikura rānei. Ko te take, ka taea e te chromium te hanga i tētahi paparanga piri o te kiriata chromium oxide ki runga i te mata o te maitai, hei tiaki i te maitai mai i te waikura. Ko te nuinga o te wā, neke atu i te 14% te nui o te chromium o te maitai kore waikura, engari kāore te maitai kore waikura i te tino waikura. I ngā rohe takutai moana, i ētahi wāhi parahanga hau kino rānei, ina nui te nui o te hauhautanga o te hau, tera pea he waikura kei te mata o te maitai kore waikura e pāngia ana e te hau, engari ko ēnei waikura he iti noa iho ki te mata, e kore e waikura i te hanganga o roto o te maitai kore waikura.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te nui o te konukōre Wcr neke atu i te 12% o te maitai he rite ki te kowiri tira, ka taea te wehewehe i te kowiri tira i runga i te hanganga moroiti i muri i te maimoatanga wera kia rima ngā wāhanga: arā, ko te kowiri tira ferrite, ko te kowiri tira martensitic, ko te kowiri tira austenitic, ko te kowiri tira ferrite austenitic me te kowiri tira waro kua whakapūmautia.
Ko te maitai kore waikura te tikanga ka wehea mā te whakaritenga matihiko:
1, he kowiri tira ferritic. Kei roto ko te 12% ki te 30% te chromium. Ko tōna ātete ki te waikura, te pakari me te kaha ki te whakarewa me te whakanui ake i te ihirangi chromium me te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura ahotea chloride he pai ake i ētahi atu momo kowiri tira.
2, he kowiri tira austenitic. Kei roto neke atu i te 18% te chromium, kei roto hoki tata ki te 8% te nickel me te iti o te molybdenum, te titanium, te hauota me ētahi atu huānga. He pai te mahi whānui, ā, ka taea te ātete ki ngā momo waikura pāpāho.
3, Austenitic – he kowiri tira ferritic takirua. He kowiri tira austenitic me te ferritic, ā, he pai rawa atu tōna āhua kirihou.
4, he kowiri tira martensitic. He kaha teitei, engari he ngoikore te kirihou me te ngāwari ki te whakarewa.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 15-2023