Hītori whanaketanga o te putorino maitai tui
E tata ana ki te 100 tau te roa o te hanga paipa maitai kore-whakarewa. I hangaia tuatahitia e ngā tuakana Tiamana Mannesmann te mīhini wero hurihuri e rua i te tau 1885, ā, ko te mira paipa ā-wā i te tau 1891. I te tau 1903, i hangaia e te kaihanga RC o Huiterangi te mira paipa aunoa (e mōhiotia ana ko te mira paipa o runga). I muri i tēnā, ka puta mai ngā mīhini toronga maha pērā i te mira paipa tonu me te mīhini whakakoi paipa, ā, ka tīmata te hanga i te umanga paipa maitai kore-whakarewa hou. I ngā tau 1930, nā te whakamahinga o te mira hurihuri paipa toru-whakarewa, te extruder me te mira hurihuri matao ā-wā, i pai ake te momo me te kounga o ngā paipa maitai. I ngā tau 1960, nā te whakapainga o te mira paipa tonu me te putanga mai o te mīhini wero hurihuri e toru, inā koa te angitu o te mira whakaiti taumahatanga me te pereki maka tonu, i pai ake te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga, ā, i pai ake te whakataetae i waenga i te paipa kore-whakarewa me te paipa whakarewa. I ngā tau 1970, i rite tonu te tere o te paipa kore-whakarewa me te paipa whakarewa, ā, i piki ake te putanga paipa maitai o te ao i te tere neke atu i te 5% ia tau. Mai i te tau 1953, kua aro nui a Haina ki te whanaketanga o te umanga paipa rino kore hononga, ā, i te tuatahi kua whakatūria he pūnaha whakaputa mō te hurihuri i ngā momo paipa nunui, waenga me te iti. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia hoki e ngā paipa parahi ngā tukanga hurihuri whakawhiti me te wero.
Te tono me te whakarōpūtanga o te putorino maitai tui
Taupānga:
He momo maitai wāhanga ōhanga te paipa maitai kore-whakarewa, he mea tino nui ki te ōhanga o te motu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hinu, te ahumahi matū, te kohua, te teihana hiko, te kaipuke, te hanga mīhini, te motuka, te rererangi, te ātea, te pūngao, te matawhenua, te hanga, te ahumahi hōia me ētahi atu tari.
Whakarōpūtanga:
① E ai ki te āhua o te wāhanga: he paipa wāhanga porowhita me he paipa wāhanga motuhake.
② e ai ki te rauemi: paipa maitai waro, paipa maitai koranu, paipa maitai kore waikura me te paipa hiato.
③ e ai ki te aratau hononga: paipa hononga miro me te paipa whakapiri.
④ e ai ki te aratau whakaputa: te paipa hurihuri wera (tangohanga, whakatō me te whakawhānui) me te paipa hurihuri matao (tuhi).
⑤ kia rite ki te kaupapa: paipa kōhua, paipa puna hinu, paipa paipa, paipa hanganga me te paipa tongi matū.
Hangarau whakaputa o te paipa maitai tui
① Te tukanga whakaputa matua (te tukanga tirotiro matua) o te paipa maitai kore-whakarewa wera:
Te whakarite me te tirotiro i ngā paraikete ngongo → te whakamahana i ngā paraikete ngongo → te poka → te hurihuri i te ngongo → te whakamahana anō i te ngongo mata → te whakaiti i te rahi (te whakaiti) → te maimoatanga wera → te whakatikatika i te ngongo kua oti → te whakaoti → te tirotiro (kore e whakangaro, ā-tinana me te matū, te whakamātautau pae) → te whare putunga.
② Ngā tukanga whakaputa matua o te paipa maitai kore-tuitui kua hurihia matao (kumea)
Te whakarite pātea → te whakapūkara me te whakahinuhinu → te hurihuri matao (te tuhi) → te maimoatanga wera → te whakatikatika → te whakaoti → te tirotiro.
Ko te tūtohi rere o te tukanga whakaputa o te paipa maitai kore-whakarewa wera e whai ake nei:
Wā tuku: Hepetema-14-2023