Whakaahuatanga Hua
He wāhanga nui ngā paipa whakarewa maitai kore waikura i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi nā te mea he pakari, he ātete ki te waikura, he maha hoki ngā whakamahinga. Ka hangaia ēnei paipa mā te tukanga whakarewa, mā te hono i ngā rau maitai kore waikura, i ngā rīpene rānei hei hanga ngongo porotaka. Anei tētahi tirohanga whānui mō ngā paipa whakarewa maitai kore waikura:
Ngā Rauemi me ngā Tohu:
● Raupapa 304 me te 316: Ngā momo maitai kore waikura whānui noa.
● 310/S me te 310H: He kowiri tira ātete-pāmahana teitei mō ngā mahi oumu me ngā whakawhiti wera.
● 321 me te 321H: Ngā momo ātete wera e tika ana mō ngā taiao pāmahana teitei.
● 904L: He koranu tino ātete ki te waikura mō ngā taiao pukuriri.
● S31803: He kowiri tira takirua, e whakarato ana i te kaha me te ātete ki te waikura.
Tukanga Hanga:
● Te Whakarewa Hiko Hiko (EFW): I tēnei tukanga, ka whakarewahia he hononga roa mā te whakamahi i te pūngao hiko ki te pewa whakarewa.
● Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku (SAW): I konei, ka hangaia te whakarewa mā te whakarewa i ngā taha me te āwhata tonu e rukuhia ana ki te rerenga.
● Te Whakarewa Auaha-Teitei (HFI): Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga ngā iahiko auau-teitei hei hanga i tētahi hononga whakarewa i roto i tētahi tukanga tonu.
Ngā Painga:
● Ātete ki te Waikura: Ātete ki te whānuitanga o ngā momo pāpāho me ngā taiao waikura.
● Kaha: Mā te kaha ā-pūkaha teitei ka mau te hanganga pai.
● Ngā Āhuatanga maha: Kei te wātea i roto i ngā rahi, ngā momo, me ngā whakaotinga rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā tono rerekē.
● Te Akuaku: He pai mō ngā ahumahi he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga akuaku.
● Te Roa o te Ora: He tino pakari, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te whakamahinga.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mea nui ngā paipa whakarewa maitai kore waikura puta noa i ngā ahumahi, e whakarato ana i te roa, te ātete ki te waikura, me te whai huatanga mō ngā momo mahi. He mea nui te whiriwhiri tika i te momo, te tikanga hanga, me te piri ki ngā paerewa ahumahi hei whakarite i te mahi tino pai me te haumaru o ngā pūnaha paipa whakarewa.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga
| ASTM A312/A312M：304, 304L, 310/S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H me ētahi atu... |
| EN 10216-5: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 etc... |
| DIN 17456: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 etc... |
| JIS G3459: SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB me ētahi atu... |
| GB/T 14976: 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Kowiri tira Austenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Kowiri tira takirua:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nikara KoranuN04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Whakamahinga:Ngā ahumahi hinu, matū, hau māori, hiko me ngā taputapu mīhini. |
| DN mm | NB Inihi | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
| 800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| DN 1000mm me runga ake Te matotoru o te pakitara paipa hei whakarite | ||||||||||||||||
Paerewa me te Tau
| Paerewa | Ngā Tohu Rino |
| ASTM A312/A312M: Ngā Paipa Kowiri tira Austenitic Tuitui, Whakarewahia, me te Mahi Matao Nui | 304, 304L, 310S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H me ētahi atu... |
| ASTM A269: Ngongo maitai kore waikura austenitic maeneene me te whakarewa mō te mahi whānui | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP347 me ētahi atu... |
| ASTM A249: Te Kohua Rino Austenitic kua Whakarewahia, te Whakamahana Nui, te Whakawhiti Wera, me ngā Ngongo Whakakotahi | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A269: Ngā Ngongo Kowiri tira iti-diameter, he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira, he mea whakarewa, he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira. | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A270: Ngongo Kowiri tira Austenitic me Ferritic/Austenitic Tuitui me te Whakarewa | Ngā Tohu Kowiri tira Austenitic: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 Ngā Tohu Kowiri tira Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex): S31803, S32205 |
| ASTM A358/A358M: Ngā Whakaritenga Paipa Rino Austenitic Kua Whakarewahia mō ngā Taiao Pāmahana-Teitei, Pēhanga-Teitei, me te Waikura | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A554: Ngongo miihini kowiri tira whakarewa, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā tono hanganga, whakapaipai rānei | 304, 304L, 316, 316L |
| ASTM A789: Ngongo maitai kore waikura ferritic/austenitic, he mea whakarewa, he mea hanga mō te mahi whānui | S31803 (Kowiri tira takirua) S32205 (Kowiri tira takirua) |
| ASTM A790: He paipa maitai kore waikura ferritic/austenitic, he mea whakarewa, he mea hanga ki te tuitui, mō te mahi waikura whānui, te mahi pāmahana-tiketike, me ngā paipa maitai kore waikura takirua. | S31803 (Kowiri tira takirua) S32205 (Kowiri tira takirua) |
| EN 10217-7: ngā paipa maitai kore waikura kua whakarewaina Ngā whakaritenga hangahanga Paerewa o Ūropi. | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 me ētahi atu... |
| DIN 17457: Paerewa Tiamana e whakamahia ana mō te hanga paipa maitai kore waikura | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 me ētahi atu... |
| JIS G3468: Paerewa Ahumahi Hapanihi e tohu ana i ngā whakaritenga hanga mō ngā paipa maitai kore waikura kua whakarewaina. | SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L, SUS329J3L me ētahi atu... |
| GB/T 12771: Paerewa ā-Motu Hainamana e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaritenga hanga o ngā paipa maitai kore waikura. | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni1, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N |
| Kowiri tira Austenitic：TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Kowiri tira takirua: S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nikara Koranu：N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Whakamahinga: Te hinu, te matū, te hau māori, te hiko me ngā ahumahi hanga taputapu mīhini. | |
Tukanga Hanga
Mana Kounga
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata, Tātari Matū, Whakamātautau Mīhini, Tirotiro Tirohanga, Tirotiro Ahu, Whakamātautau Piko, Whakamātautau Pānga, Whakamātautau Waikura Ā-Whānui, Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (UT, MT, PT) Tohu Paetae Tukanga Whakarewa, Tātari Hanganga Moroiti, Whakamātautau Mura me te Whakapapa, Whakamātautau Mārō, Whakamātautau Pēhanga, Whakamātautau Ihirangi Ferrite, Whakamātautau Metallography, Whakamātautau Waikura, Whakamātautau Au Eddy, Whakamātautau Rehu Tote, Whakamātautau Ātete Waikura, Whakamātautau Wiri, Whakamātautau Waikura Pitting, Tirotiro Peita me te Paninga, Arotake Tuhinga….
Te Whakamahinga me te Taupānga
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā paipa whakarewa maitai kore waikura puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha nā ō rātou āhuatanga tino pai me te maha o ngā whakamahinga. He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ēnei paipa, nā te roa, te ātete ki te waikura, me te pai mō ngā taiao rerekē. Ko ētahi o ngā whakamahinga matua o ngā paipa whakarewa maitai kore waikura ko:
● Te Whakamahinga Ahumahi: He mea noa i roto i ngā ahumahi hinu, hau, matū hinu, me te hiko nā te mea he ātete ki te waikura.
● Hanganga: E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paipa wai, te puna wai, me ngā hanganga nā te mea he kaha, he roa hoki te ora.
● Ahumahi Kai: He mea nui mō te kawe kai me te inu, me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa akuaku.
● Waka: E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakaputa hau me ngā wāhanga hanganga, e tu ana i ngā āhuatanga uaua.
● Hauora: Whakamahia i roto i ngā taputapu hauora me ngā paipa akuaku, me te whakatairanga i te ma.
● Ahuwhenua: Mō ngā pūnaha whakamakuku ātete-waikura, kia pai ai te tohatoha wai.
● Maimoatanga Wai: He pai mō te kawe i te wai kua rongoatia me te wai kua tangohia te tote.
● Moana: Ātete ki te waikura o te wai tote, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā kaipuke me ngā hanganga tai.
● Pūngao: Te kawe i ngā wai i roto i te rāngai pūngao, tae atu ki te hau māori me te hinu.
● Penupenu me te Pepa: He mea nui mō te kawe i ngā matū me ngā wai i roto i te tukanga whakaputa.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mea nui ngā paipa whakarewa maitai kore waikura i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi me ngā tono. Nā te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha miihini, me te kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pakari, he mea nui ēnei mō ngā hanganga hou, ngā tukanga ahumahi, me ngā rāngai motuhake.
Te Tākai me te Tukunga
Ka tākaihia, ka tukuna atu hoki ngā paipa kowiri tira me te tino tupato kia tiakina ai i te wā e kawe ana. Anei te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga tākai me te tuku:
Tākai:
● Paninga Ārai: I mua i te tākai, ka pania ngā paipa kowiri tira ki tētahi paparanga hinu tiaki, ki tētahi kiriata rānei hei ārai i te waikura me te kino o te mata.
● Te Herenga: Ka herea ngā paipa o ngā rahi me ngā whakaritenga rite ki te paipa. Ka herea mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki, taura, here kirihou rānei hei ārai i te nekenekehanga i roto i te herenga.
● Ngā Taupoki Pito: Ka whakatakotoria ngā taupoki pito kirihou, whakarewa rānei ki ngā pito e rua o ngā paipa hei tiaki atu i ngā pito me ngā miro o ngā paipa.
● Whakakī me te Urunga: Ka whakamahia ngā rauemi whakakī pēnei i te pahuka, te takai mirumiru, te kāri kōpikopiko rānei hei whakarato urunga me te ārai i ngā kino i te wā e kawe ana.
● Ngā Pouaka Rākau: I ētahi wā, ka tākaihia ngā paipa ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau hei tiaki atu i ngā kaha o waho me te whakahaere.
Tukunga:
● Te Aratau Kawe: Ko ngā paipa kowiri tira ka tukuna mā roto i ngā momo kawe rerekē pēnei i te taraka, te kaipuke, te uta rererangi rānei, i runga i te ūnga me te hiahia kia tere te kawe.
● Te Whakatakotoranga Ipu: Ka taea te uta i ngā paipa ki roto i ngā ipu kaipuke hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whakaritenga o te kawe waka. Ka tiakina hoki e tēnei mai i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me ngā poke o waho.
● Te Tapanga me te Tuhituhi: Kei ia kete he tapanga me ngā mōhiohio nui, tae atu ki ngā whakaritenga, te rahinga, ngā tohutohu whakahaere, me ngā taipitopito haerenga. Ka whakaritea ngā tuhinga tuku mō te whakawātea tikanga me te aroturuki.
● Te Whakatutukitanga o te Tikanga Tuku Iho: Mō ngā tukunga o tāwāhi, kua whakaritea ngā tuhinga katoa e tika ana mō te tikanga tuku hei whakarite kia maeneene te tukunga ki te ūnga.
● Te Whakamau Haumaru: I roto i te waka kawe, i te ipu rānei, ka whakamau haumaruhia ngā paipa hei ārai i te nekehanga me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kino i te wā e kawe ana.
● Te Aroturuki me te Aroturuki: Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha aroturuki matatau hei aroturuki i te wāhi me te āhua o te tuku i te wā tonu.
● Inihuara: I runga i te uara o te utanga, ka taea te tiki inihua kaipuke hei utu i ngā mate, i ngā kino rānei i te wā e kawe ana.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka tākaihia ngā paipa kowiri tira i hangaia e mātou me ngā tikanga tiaki, ā, ka tukuna mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kawe pono kia tae atu ai ki tō rātou ūnga i roto i te āhua pai rawa atu. Mā te tākai tika me ngā tikanga tuku ka whai wāhi ki te pono me te kounga o ngā paipa kua tukuna.
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